高考英语句子成分讲解.ppt

FUNTIONSINSENTENCES ForSenior 句子成分包括 主语谓语表语宾语1 及物动词宾语和介词宾语 2 直接宾语和间接宾语补足语定语状语原因 时间 地点 方式 条件 结果 目的 比较 让步 程度 主语 名词 代词 动词 ing 动词不定式 wh 动词不定式 从句都可以作主语 1 Ourmasterisverykind 2 Heisagoodboy 3 TeachingthemEnglishisherjob 4 Toworkwiththemisveryinteresting 5 Itisnecessaryforhimtoattendthemeetingtomorrow 6 Itisnecessarythathewillattendthemeetingtomorrow 注意对比 Itwasinthebook shopthatImetoneofmyoldclassmateslastSunday 7 Whattodonextisunknown 8 Whatwewilldonextisunknown 谓语 谓语包括时态和语态 I 时态现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时1 Hedoesn tworkinthisfactory 2 IsTomwatchingTVinthesitting roomnow 3 TheyhavelearnedthreeEnglishsongsalready 4 WehavebeenlearningEnglishforalmosttwoyearssinceMr Browntaughtus 过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时 1 Ididn tgothereforsomefoodyesterday 2 TheyweredoingtheirhomeworkwhenIenteredtheirclassroom 3 Beforehearrivedatthecinema thefilmhadbeenonforfourminutes 4 Hesaidhewouldcomeheretohelpus 将来时一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时 1 WilltheyvisitthemuseumnextSunday 2 Iwillbewaitingforyouattheschoolgateat5o clocktomorrowevening 3 Shewillhavefinishedthereportbytheendofnextmonth II 语态 基本结构be 动词的过去分词现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时1 Ourbedroomisoftenkeptcleaneveryday 2 Isourcarbeingrepairinginthegaragenow 3 Thebuildingovertherehasbeenbuilt Itisforwomenandchildren 过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时 1 WasthisdictionaryboughtlastTuesday 2 TheperformancewasbeinggiveninthestreetwhenIwaspassingby 3 TheoperationhadbeencarriedoutonTombeforehisparentsgottothehospital 4 Themanagersaidthatthegoodswouldbesenttothechain shopsassoonaspossible 将来时一般将来时将来完成时 1 Anewchemicalworkswillbebuiltamongthehillsfarawayfromourtown 2 Themeetingwillhavebeenendedby6o clockthisafternoon 宾语 名词 代词 动词 ing 动词不定式 wh 动词不定式 从句都可以作宾语 宾语包括及物动词宾语和介词宾语 1 Idon tknowthemanoverthere 2 Hewantstobeanengineer 3 Alicethinksitinterestingtoswimwithhersister 4 Didyouenjoyplayinggameswiththematthelastparty 5 Doyouknowwheretoholdthesportsmeet 6 Idon tknowwherethesportsmeetwillbeheld 7 WeareinterestedinEnglishandmaths 8 Wemustpreventtheriversfrombeingpolluted 直接宾语和间接宾语 1 Hepassedmeabottleofsalt 2 Hepromisedhisteachertohelpus 对比 Heaskedhisteachertohelphim 3 Sheaskedmeaquestionjustnow 对比 MarkmadeLondonthebasefortherevolution 表语 名词 形容词 表示方向地点的副词 动词 ing 动词的过去分词 动词不定式 WH 动词不定式 介词短语 从句都可以作表语 1 Heisn tateacher 2 Johnisquitetall 3 Aretheyin 4 Hisfull timejobissellingnewspapers 对比 Heissellingnewspapersnow 5 Thecupisbroken 对比 Thecupwasbrokenbythecatlastnight 6 Hewastoleavewhenthephonerang 7 Thequestioniswhenandwheretogoforpicnic 8 Thequestioniswhenandwherewewillgoforapicnic 9 Thechildrenareinthereading roomnow 补足语 补足语可分为主语补足语和宾语补足语名词 形容词 表示方向地点的副词 动词 ing 动词的过去分词 动词不定式 介词短语等都可以作补足语1 WeallmadeJackmonitoratthelastclassmeeting Jackwasmademonitoratthelastclassmeeting 2 Didyoufindourroomverydirty Wasourroomfoundverydirty 3 Lethimin please 4 Someonefoundhimswimmingintheriverwhenitwasgettingdark Hewasfoundswimmingintheriverwhenitwasgettingdark 5 Iheardhimsingthreepopsongsinthenextroomlastnight Hewasheardtosingthreepopsongsinthenextroomlastnight 6 Iaskedhimtogiveherhisuncle sphonenumber Hewasaskedtogiveherhisuncle sphonenumber 7 Hefoundhishousebrokenintowhenhegothome Hishousewasfoundbrokenintowhenhegothome 8 Didyouseehimunderthetreealone Washeseenunderthetreealone 定语 定语可分为 前置定语和后置定语 形容词 物主代词的所有格 单个 动词ing形式 单个 过去分词常作前置定语 1 ThetallboyisTom selderbrother 2 Thedancinghallisbeingrepairednow 3 Thebrokencupisn tmine 4 Thesleepinggirlismyyoungersister else常作后置定语 形容词修饰something anything nothing everything等词常作后置定语 形容词短语 介词短语 动词不定式 动词ing短语 动词过去分词短语 定语从语等都常作后置定语 else常作后置定语 1 Mum isthereanythingelseformetodo 2 Whatelsedidyousayatthelastmeeting 3 Whoelsewenttherewithyoulastnight 4 WhereelsehaveyoubeenbesidesShanghai 形容词修饰something anything nothing everything等词常作后置定语 1 A Anythingelsetobuybesidesmeat B Nothingelse Thankyou Jack 2 A Isthereanythinginterestingintoday snewspaper B Yes Look Andhereissomethingimportant 形容词短语 介词短语 动词不定式 动词ing短语 动词过去分词短语 定语从语等都常作后置定语 1 Theboyfullofbraveryrushedintotheburninghouseandcarriedanoldladyout 2 Doyouknowthemanwithabluehatonhishead 3 Sorry Ican tgowithyoubecauseI llhavesomethingimportanttowrite 4 Boysandgirls todaythereisalittlehomeworktodo 5 Thebuildingbeingbuiltnexttotheparkisforthechildren 6 Hecan trecognizethebikestolentwoweeksago 7 Themanwhosesonisasoldierliveshere 8 ThehousewhereLuXunoncelivedisstillthere 9 Thereasonwhyhedidn tgotoschoolsoundsreasonable 注意enough和nearby 1 Ihaven tgotenoughmoney Ican taffordit 2 Wehavetimeenoughtodothework 3 Ifyouareintrouble askapolicemannearbyforhelp Ifyouareintrouble askanearbypolicemanforhelp 状语 原因 时间 地点 方式 条件 结果 目的 比较 让步 程度 伴随 1 原因状语1 Tomdidn tgotoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill becauseofhisillness 2 Sinceallofusarehere let sbeginourmeeting 3 Havingfinishedmyhomework Iwentouttoplayfootball 4 Whydidn tyouattendmybirthdayparty 5 Asitwaslate Imadehastetogo 注意 Getup Tom forthebirdsaresinging 2 时间状语 1 Theywillbethereat8 00a m tomorrow 2 Thetrainhadleftbeforewegottotherailwaystation 3 ItwasthenthatIrecognizehimattheairport 4 Onlywhensheenteredherhouse didshefindeverythingstolen 5 Seeingtheoldphotos herememberedhislifeinthecountryside 6 Havingbeentakentothehospital theinjuredintheaccidentweretakengoodcareof 7 Onceseen itwillneverbeforgotten 3 地点状语 1 Theywantedtogothereforhelp 2 Myfatherworksinthisfactory 3 We youngpeople shouldgowheretherearealotofdifficulties 4 方式状语 1 IwillgotovisitthemuseumbybikethisSunday 2 A Howdidyougettothemountain B OnFood 3 Helookedatmestrangely 4 Thechildrencameintotheclassroom singingandlaughing 5 Theprofessorcamein followedbyhisassistants 5 Alicesattherewithabookinherhand Alicesatthere bookinhand 5 条件状语 真实条件1 Ifitrainstomorrow wewon tgooutforapicnic 2 Iwon tcomeunlessIaminvited Iwon tcomeifnotinvited 3 Youwillgooutsolongasyoupromisetocomebackbefore10o clocktonight 注意 Idon tknowifheisinthelabnow 虚拟条件 1 IfIwereyou Iwouldn tsaythat 2 Hewouldseemyuncleifhestayedherenow 3 Youwouldhavemetthefamousprofessorifyouhadattendedthemeeting Hadyouattendedthemeeting youwouldhavemetthefamousprofessor 4 IfIwereheretomorrow Iwouldjoinyouinthecamp 5 Ifyouweretoseeit youwouldalwaysrememberitforever Wereyoutoseeit youwouldalwaysrememberitforever 6 Iwouldtelephoneherassoonaspossibleifsheshouldbeinterestedinit Shouldshebeinterestedinit Iwouldtelephoneherassoonaspossible 6 结果状语 1 Heissokindthatallthechildrenherelikeshimverymuch 2 Johngotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbusthismorning 3 Wesatatthebackofthemeeting roomsothatnobodysawus 4 Heissoyoungtogotoschool 5 Heisn ttallenoughtoreachthebookonthetopoftheshelf 7 目的状语 1 Hestartedat6 00a m inorderthathecouldarrivethereintime Hestartedat6 00a m inordertoarrivethereintime Hestartedat6 00a m sothathecouldarrivethereintime Hestartedat6 00a m soastoarrivethereintime Inordertoarrivethereintime hestartedat6 00a m 2 Hewentthereforsomeassistance 3 Shecameheretoborrowsomebooks 4 A Whatdidhecomeherefor B Forsomefood 5 A Whatdidhecomeherefor B Tobuysomefood 8 比较状语 I 同级比较1 HeisastallasI 2 Thisriveristwiceaslongasthatone 3 Hedoesn tworksohardashisbrother 4 Thisropeisthesamelengthasthatone II 比较级 1 BobistallerthanTom 2 Heranmuchfasterthanhisclassmate Jacky 3 Thiswatchisthreetimesmoreexpensivethanthatone 4 Whichisbetter AorB 5 Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer 6 Themoreyoulearn themoreyouget 7 Heistallerthananyotherclassmateinmyclass Heistallerthananyoneelseinmyclass Heisthetalleststudentinmyclass 注意 HegavemorefoodtomethantoJoan HemeJoanHegavemorefoodtomethanJoan HemeJoan III 最高级 1 TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina 2 Thisisthemostinterestingbookamongthesefourbooks 3 IntheraceTimranfastest