九年级英语 被动语态讲解课件 人教新目标版.ppt

被动语态 thepassivevoice 英语动词有两种语态 主动语态 theactivevoice 被动语态 thepassivevoice a 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 b 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 weplantedthetree thetreewasplantedbyus wespeakenglish 主语 谓语 宾语 englishisspokenbyus 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 被动语态 theycleanedtheclassroomyesterday 昨天他们打扫了教室 theclassroomwascleanedbythemyesterday 昨天教室被他们打扫了 一 被动语态基本用法 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时 谓语的形式是主动语态 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时 谓语要用被动语态 被动语态由助动词be 过去分词构成 时态通过be表现出来 be pp 二 被动语态的基本结构 有各种时态的变化 1 nowenglish bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword a speaksb isspokenc wasspoken 一般现在时的被动语态 主语 am is are pp 2 thelostboy atthestreetcornerlastnight a wasfoundb isfoundc waslookedfor 一般过去时的被动语态 主语 was were pp 3 moreman madesatellites inthefuture a willsendupb willbesentupc aresentup 一般将来时的被动语态 主语 will be ppbegoingto be pp 4 threebridges sincelastyear a havebuiltb werebuiltc havebeenbuilt 现在完成时的被动语态 主语 have has been pp 5 flowers everyday a hasbeenwateredb shouldbewateredc shouldwater 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 be pp 1 规则动词的过去分词 1 一般情况在动词原形后加 ed watch watched 2 以不发音e结尾的加 d practice practiced 3 以辅音加y结尾的 去y变i加 ed study studied 4 以重读闭音节结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母 再加 ed stop stopped 2 不规则动词的过去分词 am is arewaswere been have has had do done write written go gone 动词过去分词的变化 三 何时使用被动语态 1 行为主体不明确 不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时 例如 footballisplayedallovertheworld 2 不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时 例如 mybikewasstolen 我的自行车被盗了 3 某些句子习惯上用被动语态 例如 hewasborninoctober 1989 4 汉语中含有 被 由 等词时 例如 tina是被paul叫来的 tinaisaskedtocomebypaul 5 汉语中含有 据说 据悉 据报道 等时 例如 itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand itwasreportedthathermotherdiedofsars 众所周知 itiswellknownthat 据推测说 itissupposedthat 四 主动语态变被动语态 1 把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语 2 把谓语动词变成被动结构 be 过去分词 根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数 以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式 3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语 将主格改为宾格 如 theymakethebikesinthefactory thebikes inthefactory aremade them by 主变被步骤 1 找宾语 即动作的承受者 改为主语 hewashedhiscaryesterday hiscar 3 判断新主语的单复数 确定be动词的单复数 be 4 判断动词的时态 即be动词的时态 2 修改谓语的语态 即be 原v 过去分词 washed 5 修改原句的主语 即by 主语 变宾格 bythem yesterday iswas was 1 tombrokethewindow thewindow 2 shebrokethewindows thewindows 3 hecleanstheclassroomeveryday theclassroom wasbroken bytom werebroken byher iscleaned byhim be动词的单复数变化 everyday heridesthemotorbiketoworkeveryday themotorbike isridden towork byhim everyday acomputer computer use inourclass isused inourclass everyday theyboughttencomputerslastyear tencomputers lastyear werebought bythem bank rob yesterday wasrobbed thebank yesterday 1 theywillfinishtheworkintendays theworkintendays willbefinished bythem 2 theyaregoingtohaveashowtomorrow ashow isgoingtobehad bythem tomorrow 1 amycantakegoodcareofthecat thecat canbetakengoodcareof byamy 2 theyshouldsingsomebeautifulsongs somebeautifulsongs bythem shouldbesung hecancarrythebasketeasily thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim 在通常情况下 修饰被动语态的副词一定要放在助动词be与过去分词之间 如 shewasbadlypaid 她挣的钱很少 thetripwaswellorganized 旅行组织得很好 将副词放在过去分词之后也是可以的 四 被动语态的特殊情况 1 在主动语态中 make let hear see watch notice等词 其后跟省略to的动词不定式 动词原形 在变为被动语态时 必须还原动词不定式符号to 如 1 weheardhimsingthissongintheroom hewasheardtosingthissongintheroom 2 thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday hewasmadetowork14hoursaday 3 iseehimwalktoschool heisseentowalktoschool 2 含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时 有以下三种情形 1 有些双宾动词 如award buy give leave lend offer pay show teach tell等 在变为被动语态时 既可把间接宾语 指人 变为被动语态的主语 而把直接宾语 指事物 保留下来 称为保留宾语 也可把直接宾语 指事物 变为被动语态的主语 而把间接宾语改为介词to或for引起的状语 到底用to还是for 与所搭配的动词有关 比较 hegavehersomemoney 他给她一些钱 shewasgivensomemoneywasgiventoher somemoney 2 heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday hisfriendwasboughtsomefruits byhim yesterday somefruitswereboughtforhisfriend byhim yesterday 1 heboughtherawatch awatchwasboughtforher byhim shewasboughtawatch byhim 2 有些双宾动词 如bring do make pass sell send sing write等 通常用直接宾语 指事物 作被动语态的主语 而将间接宾语用作保留宾语 其前根据情况用介词to或for fathermademeadoll adollwasmadeforme hewroteheraletter aletterwaswrittentoher 3 有些双宾动词 如answer deny envy refuse save spare等 通常用间接宾语 指人 作被动语态的主语 而将直接宾语用作保留宾语 heansweredmethatquestion iwasansweredthatquestionbyhim 表示主语的属性特征的动词 副词well badly easily smoothly 用主动式表被动义 3 作 需要 讲的need的被动形式 needtobedone或needdoingyourjacketneedstobewashed washing 4 表示 开始 结束 运动 的动词用主动式表被动义 begin open start stop end finish shut run theshopopensat6am everyday atrafficaccident happen justnow happened 2 连系动词 link v 如 be look seem feel sound smell taste get turn become pekingopera sound beautiful sounds 3 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候 thepen write veryfast writes thiskindofsweater sell well sells 1 不及物动词 vi 如 happen takeplace appear disappear 不用被动语态的动词 表示主语的自然属性特征 副词 well badly easily smoothly 常见动词 read write sell wash clean wear lock open cook shut dry eat drink thebooks well a weresoldb sellc havesoldd arebeingsoldthiskindofcloth easily a haswashedb waswashedc washesd iswashed practice 1mustipayforitatonce it atonce 2wewillbuildanewlab anewlab 3theyaren tstoppingthetrafficnow thetraffic now 4howlonghaveyoukeptthebook howlong thebook must been paid for will be built isn t been stopping has been kept 5 ifyourhomework do well youmaygotoplay 6 mr greenwasseen grow trees 7 theblackboardwas look carefullybythestudents 8 theshipmodel be make intwodays isdone togrow lookedat will made 9 i msorry sir yourrecorderisn treadyyet it inthefactory isbeingrepairedisrepairedhasbeenrepairedhasn tbeenrepaired 10 inwarmweather fruitandmeat long cannotbekeptdon tkeepmustn tkeepisnotkept 11 didyouhandhimtheletteryesterday no i tohim a broughtitb tookitc haditsentd carriedit 12 alicehadadress lastweek a madeb makec tobemaded tomake oralpractice 主动句改被动句 acarknockedhimdownyesterday twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam whenigotthere theywerecuttingupafallentree hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo afallentreewasbeingcutup whenigotthere 4 we llputontheplaynextsunday 5 workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool 6 theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear theplaywillbeputonnextsunday anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear 7 weshouldprotecttheearth 8 youneedtopaintthewall theearthsh