英语国家概况作业 加拿大.doc

Part Three CanadaUnit one The Land and the PeopleWords and expressions1.Arctic Ocean n. 北冰洋2. contrast kntr:st, -trst, kntr:st, -trst vi. 对比；形成对照vt. 使对比；使与对照n. 对比；差别；对照物3. territory teritri n. 领土，领域；范围；地域；版图 复数territories 4. renown rinaun n. 声誉；名望 vt. 使有声望5.topography tprfi n. 地势；地形学；地志 复数topographies 6.gigantic ,daintik adj. 巨大的，庞大的7.rocky rki adj. 岩石的，多岩石的；坚如岩石的；摇晃的；头晕目眩的比较级rockier 最高级rockiest 8.marshy m:i adj. 沼泽的；湿地的 比较级marshier 最高级marshiest 9.uninhabitable ,ninhbitbl adj. 不适宜居住的10.rim rim n. 边，边缘；轮辋；圆圈vi. 作的边，装作于vt. 作的边，装边于过去式rimmed 过去分词rimmed 现在分词rimming 11.reservoir rezvw: n. 水库；蓄水池12.glacier lsj n. 冰河，冰川13.estuary estjuri n. 河口；江口复数estuaries 14.volume vlju:m n. 量；体积；卷；音量；大量；册adj. 大量的vi. 成团卷起vt. 把收集成卷15.navigation ,nviein n. 航行；航海16.recreational,rekrieinl; -kri:- adj. 消遣的；娱乐的17.hydroelectric ,haidruilektrik adj. 水力发电的；水电治疗的18.navigable nvibl adj. 可航行的；可驾驶的；适于航行的19.salmon smn n. 鲑鱼；大马哈鱼；鲑肉色adj. 浅澄色的复数salmons 20.northerly n:li adj. 北方的，向北的；来自北方的adv. 向北；来自北方n. 北风复数northerlies 21.prominent prminnt adj. 突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的比较级more prominent 最高级most prominent 22.elevation ,elivein n. 高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图23.prairies n. （美）大草原（prairie的复数）24.facilitate fsiliteit vt. 促进；帮助；使容易过去式facilitated 过去分词facilitated 现在分词facilitating 25.Appalachian Mountains阿巴拉契亚山脉26.St. Lawrence River圣劳伦斯河 27.erodeirud vt. 腐蚀，侵蚀；磨去；磨损；蜕变：28.fishery firi n. 渔业；渔场；水产业 复数fisheries 29.forestry fristri n. 林业；森林地；林学30.lowland lulnd n. 低地；苏格兰低地 adj. 低地的；苏格兰低地的31.outlets n. 出路；销售点；排水口；批发商点（outlet的复数形式）32.shield i:ld n. 盾；防护物；保护者vt. 遮蔽；包庇；避开；保卫vi. 防御；起保护作用33.pasture p:st, ps- n. 草地；牧场；牧草 vt. 放牧；吃草过去式pastured 过去分词pastured 现在分词pasturing 34.buffalo bflu n. 畜牧脊椎 水牛；脊椎 野牛（产于北美）；水陆两用坦克复数buffaloes或buffalos或buffalo 过去式buffaloed 过去分词buffaloed 现在分词buffaloing 35.basin beisn n. 水池；流域；盆地；盆36.dense dens adj. 稠密的；浓厚的；愚钝的比较级denser 最高级densest 37.barren brn adj. 贫瘠的；不生育的；无益的；沉闷无趣的；空洞的n. 荒地38.temperate temprit adj. 温和的；适度的；有节制的比较级more temperate 最高级most temperate 39.comprise kmpraiz vt. 包含；由组成过去式comprised 过去分词comprised 现在分词comprising 40.tundra tndr n. 生态 苔原；地理 冻原；冻土地带41.permafrost p:mfr:st n. 永久冻土，永久冻地；永久冻结带；永久冰冻42.damp dmp vt. 使潮湿；使阻尼；使沮丧，抑制vi. 减幅，阻尼；变潮湿n. 潮湿，湿气adj. 潮湿的比较级damper 最高级dampest 43.maritimemritaim adj. 1.海的，海事的，海上的，沿海的，近海的 2.滨海居住的 3.海员的；具有海员特点的；水手的 44.blizzard blizd n. 暴风雪，大风雪；大打击 vi. 下暴风雪45.indigenous indidins adj. 本土的；土著的；国产的；固有的46.ratio reiiu, -u n. 比率，比例复数ratios 47.descent disent n. 下降；血统；袭击vt. 除去的气味；使失去香味48.intermarry ,intmri vi. 通婚；近亲结婚过去式intermarried 过去分词intermarried 现在分词intermarrying 49.uneven ,ni:vn adj. 不均匀的；不平坦的；数 奇数的50.sparsely spa:sli adv. 稀疏地；贫乏地51.seaport si:p:t n. 海港；港口都市52.mobility mubilti n. 移动性；机动性；电子 迁移率53.vigorous virs adj. 有力的；精力充沛的54.refugee ,refjudi:, refjudi: n. 难民，避难者；流亡者，逃亡者55.pledgepled 1.誓约，誓言；保证，诺言 2.保人，保证者；保证物 3.信物；定钱；(象征爱情的)孩子 4.祝酒；干杯；祝愿 5.字据；协议 6.抵押，典押 7.典当物，抵押品；抵押者 8.美国英语答应加入一组织正式成为会员前有一段考核期间者，预备会员56.proclamation ,prklmein n. 公告；宣布；宣告；公布57.amend mend vt. 修改；改善，改进vi. 改正，改善；改过自新58.asylum sailm n. 庇护；收容所，救济院59.cavalry kvlri n. 骑兵；装甲兵；装甲部队复数cavalries 60.permeat n. 渗透水61.elite eili:t, ili:t n. 精英；精华；中坚分子62.recruit rikru:t n. 招聘；新兵；新成员vt. 补充；聘用；征募；使恢复健康vi. 复原；征募新兵；得到补充；恢复健康63.desperate desprt adj. 不顾一切的；令人绝望的；极度渴望的64.bolster bulst n. 支持；长枕 vt 支持；支撑65.disperse disp:s vt. 分散；使散开；传播vi. 分散adj. 分散的 过去分词dispersed 现在分词dispersing Simple Questions1. How many provinces and territories is Canada composed of? What are they?Ten provinces and three territories. The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. The three territories are Yukon Territory, North west Territory, and Nunavut.2. What are the major mountains in Canada? Which peak is the highest in Canada?The major mountains in Canada are the Western Cordillera, the Appalachian Mountains and Torngat Mountains of northern Labrador. The highest peak is 洛根峰3. How many lakes are there in Canada? What are the major lakes in Canada?There may be as many as two million lakes in Canada. The major lakes are the Great Lake(Lake Michigan is not in Canada),Lake Superior and Lake Huron.4. How many geographical regions can Canada divided into? What are they?Canada is usually divided into six geographical regions: the Appalachian Mountains, the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Canadian Shield, the Canadian Interior Plains, the Western Cordillera, and the Canadian Arctic.5. Where is the Canadian Shield? What are the features of the Canadian Shield?Canadian Shield is located in the west of Nunavut Territory and in the north of Ontario and Quebec.The region is the biggest and the most distinctive natural and geographical region in Canada, and occupies an area of 3.6 million sq km, accounting for 36 per cent of the area of the whole country.6. What are the climatic conditions in different regions of Canada?Canada is a country of vast coastlines and diverse weather. The country is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Frozen more than half of the year, Hudson Bay greatly influences eastern Canadas climate, facilitating the southward penetration of cold arctic air. The Gulf Stream makes the southeast of Canada warmer, but its effects are limited. The icy Labrador Current dramatically reduces the temperature in the northeast of the country. The summer months warm the Prairie Provinces in the West. Cities along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts such as Halifax and Vancouver have mild climates similar to Boston or Seattle.7. Where are the major urban centers in Canada? Which city is the largest?In the southern parts of Ontario and Quebec. Toronto is the largest city.8. Where are the regions where the French Canadians or the British Canadians concentrate respectively?Montreal and Quebec9. What are the major Indigenous groups in Canada?The Inuit and the Indians10. What are the major groups of immigrants in Canada?Refugees fleeing political persecution, family members of Canadian citizens and independent immigrants.Unit Two HistoryWords and rigueintri:; in- n. 1.阴谋，诡计；密谋，策划 2.私通 2.tragic trdik adj. 悲剧的；悲痛的，不幸的 比较级more tragic 最高级most tragic 3.occurrence k:rns, -k- n. 发生；出现；事件；发现4.abound baund vi. 富于；充满5.unveiling ,nveili adj. 揭幕的n. 除去遮盖物；公开；揭幕式 除去面纱（unveil的ing形式）6.forge f:d n. 熔炉，锻铁炉；铁工厂vi. 伪造；做锻工vt. 伪造；锻造 过去分词forged 现在分词forging 7.temporary temprri adj. 暂时的，临时的n. 临时工，临时雇员复数temporaries 8.derive diraiv vt. 源于；得自vi. 起源过去式derived 过去分词derived 现在分词deriving 9.stormy st:mi adj. 暴风雨的；猛烈的；暴躁的比较级stormier 最高级stormiest 10.dedication ,dedikein n. 奉献；献身11.raid reid n. 袭击；突袭；搜捕；抢劫vi. 对进行突然袭击vt. 袭击，突袭12.outnumber ,autnmb vt. 数目超过；比多13.fortress f:tris n. 堡垒；要塞vt. 筑要塞；以要塞防守 复数fortresses 14.cede si:d vt. 放弃；割让（领土）过去式ceded 过去分词ceded 现在分词ceding 15.revolt rivult, -v:lt vi. 反抗；反叛；反感，厌恶vt. 使反感；使恶心n. 反抗；叛乱；反感16.lieutenant-governor副督17.executive izekjutiv adj. 行政的；经营的；执行的，经营管理的n. 经理；执行委员会；执行者；经理主管人员18.legislative ledisltiv adj. 立法的；有立法权的 n. 立法权；立法机构19.assembly sembli n. 装配；集会，集合 复数assemblies 20.rebellion ribeljn n. 叛乱；反抗；谋反；不服从21.opponent punnt n. 对手；反对者；敌手 adj. 对立的；敌对的22.militia mili n. 民兵组织；自卫队；义勇军；国民军23.veto vi:tu n. 否决权vt. 否决；禁止vi. 否决；禁止复数vetoes 过去式vetoed 过去分词vetoed 现在分词vetoing 24. federalism fedrlizm n. 联邦制；联邦主义25.coalition ,kulin n. 联合；结合，合并26.implement implimnt, impliment vt. 实施，执行；实现，使生效n. 工具，器具；手段27.nominate nmineit, nmint, -neit vt. 推荐；提名；任命；指定过去式nominated 过去分词nominated 现在分词nominating 28.federation fedrein n. 联合；联邦；联盟；联邦政府29.financier fainnsi vi. 欺骗；从事欺骗性金融活动vt. 对提供资金n. 金融家；投资家30.regimereii:m; ri-; ridi:m n. 1.政体；政权；统治方式 2.社会制度；体制 3.当政时期，政权的持续时间；统治时期 4.常规强化训练31.assurance urns n. 保证；保险；确信；断言32.cluster klst n. 群；簇；丛；串vi. 群聚；丛生vt. 使聚集；聚集在某人的周围33.sovereignty svrnti, sv- n. 主权；主权国家；君主；独立国复数sovereignties 34.concession knsen n. 让步；特许（权）；承认；退位35.tarifftrif n. 1.关税表；税表；(进口商品)征税制度 2.关税；关税率 3.收费表；价目表 4.美国口语账单；费用 5.主英国英语(写有价目的)菜单 vt. 1.对征收关税；为定税率 2.按税率为定收费标准36.recruit rikru:t n. 招聘；新兵；新成员vt. 补充；聘用；征募；使恢复健康vi. 复原；征募新兵；得到补充；恢复健康37.casualty kjulti n. 意外事故；伤亡人员；急诊室 复数casualties 38.ammunition ,mjunin n. 弹药；军火vt. 装弹药于vi. 装弹药39.reliance rilains n. 信赖；信心；受信赖的人或物40.herald herld n. 先驱；传令官；报信者 vt. 通报；预示的来临41.subordinate sb:dint, -neit, sb:dineit n. 下属，下级；部属，属下adj. 从属的；次要的vt. 使居下位；使服从过去式subordinated 过去分词subordinated 现在分词subordinating 42.allegiance li:dns n. 效忠，忠诚；忠贞43.bondage bndid n. 奴役，束缚；奴役身份44.submarine sbmri:n, ,sbmri:n n. 潜水艇；海底生物adj. 海底的；水下的vt. 用潜水艇攻击vi. 在下疾行；在下滑动过去式submarined 过去分词submarined 现在分词submarining 45.aircrew kru: n. 全体机组人员46.defence difens n. 防御；防卫；答辩；防卫设备47.referendum ,refrendm n. 公民投票权；外交官请示书复数referendums或referenda 48.postwar pustw: adj. 战后的n. 战后时期adv. 战后；在战后49.maple-leaf槭树叶50.constitutional ,knstitju:nl adj. 宪法的；本质的；体质上的；保健的n. 保健散步；保健运动51.agitation ,ditein n. 激动；搅动；煽动；烦乱52.allege led vt. 宣称，断言；提出作为理由过去式alleged 过去分词alleged 现在分词alleging 53.separatistseprtist n. 1.分离主义者，独立主义者(尤指宗教或政治上的分离主义者) 2.S-(英国1617世纪)脱离国教者 adj. 分离主义者的，独立主义者的；分离主义者的，独立主义者的54.libertylibti n. 1.(不受专横统治的)自由；(政治上的)独立 2.(不受束缚、奴役或监禁的)自由；释放，解放 3.权利亦作 civil liberties, political liberty 4.自由活动的范围 5.自由活动于某地(或使用某地)的权利 6.(海员、水兵等的)上岸许可时间 7.常用复数冒昧；失礼；放肆；越轨；过于亲昵的言行 8.特权(如自治权、选举权、参政权等)，特许 9.(硬币上的)自由女神像 10.亦作复数英国英语特许区域；特别行政区 11.【哲学】意志自由55.ratifyrtifai vt. 批准；认可；签署生效：56.secession sisen n. 脱离；分离57.eliminate ilimineit vt. 消除；排除过去式eliminated 过去分词eliminated 现在分词eliminating 58.deficit defisit n. 赤字；不足额59.scandal skndl n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤过去式scandalled或scandaled 过去分词scandalled或scandaled 现在分词scandalling或scandaling 60.tremendouslyadj. 1.巨大的，极大的 2.可怕的；望而生畏的；令人恐惧的 3.口语绝妙的，了不起的，惊人的61.invasion invein n. 入侵，侵略；侵袭；侵犯62.garrison risn n. 要塞；卫戍部队 vt. 驻防；守卫Simple Questions1. Who were the first inhabitants in Canada? What is the meaning of the name “Kanata”?The first inhabitants are believed to have come to Canada from Asia about 12,000 years ago.“Kanata” means a village or settlement.2. Which country first established colonies in Canada? When and where was the colony established?Britain issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which established the province of Quebec out of the inhabited portion of New France located in the lower St. Lawrence Valley.3. How did the Seven Years War break out? What was the result of the war?During 1756-1763, the fortress of Quebec had previously withstood attacks, but this time, the British army was victorious in a brief battle outside the walls of Quebec in 1759.The result was France officially ceded New France to Britain.4. What is the significance of the Quebec Act (1774), the Constitution Act of 1791, and the British North America Act?In 1774, the British passed a law (the Quebec Act) that guaranteed the French protection of their language and religion.The Constitution Act of 1791 gave each of Canadas provinces a lieutenant-governor, an executive council, a legislative council, and a legislative assembly. Only the assembly was elected by the people.The colonial delegates made some small changes to the resolutions and the result was the British North America Act, which was passed by the British Parliament.5. How is a responsible government defined?Upper Canada and lower Canada be united, and that they be given a system of government that they be given a system of government that would give more power to the elected members of the Assembly.6. What were the effects of the Gold Rush?The Gold Rush produced some beneficial effect. As miners swarmed into western Canada from the United States and other parts of the world, the unpopulated prairie lands were further explored and cultivated. Another favorable outcome was that Gold Rush led to the discovery of other minerals in the Canadian wilds.7. When and how did Canada become an independent country?Rt. Hon. Vincent Massey became the first native-born Canadian Governor General when he was sworn into office in 1952. With the formal dedication by Queen Elizabeth and President Dwight D. Eisenhower of the United States, the St. Lawrence Seaway was opened in 1959.8. How did the Separatist Movement in Quebec proceed?Unit Three EconomyWords and expressions1.surplus s:pls, -pls n. 剩余；贸易 顺差；盈余；过剩adj. 剩余的；过剩的复数surpluses 2.hewer hju: n. 煤矿工；砍伐者3.endow indau vt. 赋予；捐赠；天生具有4.arable land耕地；可耕土地5.timbertimb n. 1.木材，木料 2.(盖房、造船等用的)木料；横木；栋木，横梁美国英语亦作 lumber 3.总称树木；树林，森林 4.(人的)性格；素质；才能，才干 5.【船舶学】肋材；肋骨；船材；船骨 6.英国英语【狩猎】(猎狐时用的)木栅栏 vt. 1.用木材作骨架；以木材支撑 2.以林木覆盖 adj. 木材的；木制的interj. (伐木工在树木倒下前的呼喊声)顺山倒啦!6.extractikstrkt, ekstrkt vt. 提取；取出；摘录；榨取n. 汁；摘录；榨出物；选粹7.exploit eksplit, iks- vt. 开发，开拓；剥削；开采n. 勋绩；功绩8.nickel nikl n. 镍；镍币；五分镍币vt. 镀镍于过去式nickelled 过去分词nickelling或nickeled 现在分词nickeling 9.asbesto n. 石棉；防火布9.potassium ptsjm n. 化学 钾10.zinc zik vt. 镀锌于；涂锌于；用锌处理n. 锌过去式zincked或 zinced 过去分词zincked或 zinced 现在分词zincking或zincing 11.uranium jureinim n. 化学 铀12.cod kd n. 鱼 鳕鱼；愚弄；哄骗vi. 欺骗；愚弄vt. 愚弄；欺骗复数cod或cods 13.deteriorate ditirireit vi. 恶化，变坏vt. 恶化过去式deteriorated 过去分词deteriorated 现在分词deteriorating 14.receipt risi:t n. 收到；收据；收入vt. 收到15.barleyb:li 1.【植物】大麦(Hordeum vulgare) 2.大麦粒16.maize meiz adj. 黄色的，玉米色的n. 玉米；黄色，玉米色17.tobacco tbku n. 烟草，烟叶；烟草制品；抽烟复数tobaccos或tobaccoes 18.soybean sibi:n n. 大豆；黄豆19.livestock laivstk n. 牲畜；家畜20.poultry pultri n. 家禽21.syrup sirp, s:- n. 糖浆，果汁；含药糖浆22.pulpplp n. 1.浆；糊状 2.果子的柔软多汁部分；果肉 3.(植物的)髓，(植物的)肉质部分 4.牙髓 5.浆状物；纸浆 6.矿浆；矿粉 7.美国英语低级杂志，印刷很坏的低级趣味杂志 参较 slick 8.稠白铅团 vt. 1.使捣成浆状： to pulp grapes把葡萄捣烂2.把捣成纸浆： to pulp old books把旧书制成纸浆3.除去(咖啡豆等的)果肉 vi. 变成浆状23.coniferous kunifrs adj. 结球果的；松柏科的24.herring heri n. 鲱（又称青鱼）复数herrings或herring 25.lobster lbst n. 龙虾复数lobster 26.scallop sklp, sk- n. 扇贝，干贝vt. 使成扇形vi. 拾扇贝27.halibut hlibt n. 鱼 大比目鱼（复数halibut）复数halibuts或halibut 28.intrusion intru:n n. 侵入；闯入29.potash pt n. 无化 碳酸钾；草碱；苛性钾；钾化合物30.cadmium kdmim n. 化学 镉（元素符号Cd）31.platinum pltinm n. 化学 铂；白金；唱片集达100万张的销售量；银灰色adj. 唱片集已售出100万张的32.gypsum dipsm vt. 用石膏处理；施石膏肥料于n. 石膏；石膏肥料33.cobaltkub:lt n. 【化学】钴(元素符号 Co)34.titanium taiteinim, ti- n. 化学 钛（金属元素）35.molybdenum mlibdinm n. 化学 钼（金属元素，符号Mo，原子序号42）36.crude kru:d adj. 粗糙的；天然的，未加工的；粗鲁的n. 原油；天然的物质比较级cruder 最高级crudest crude oil 化原油 crude protein 粗蛋白；天然蛋白质 crude drug 天然药 heavy crude 重质原油 crude fat 粗脂肪 crude fiber 粗纤维 crude steel 粗钢；原钢；粗铁 sour crude 含硫原油；酸性原油 light crude 轻质原油 crude production 原油的开采；半成品 crude extract n. 粗提物， 粗抽提物；粗提取液 crude benzol 化粗苯 crude product 粗制品 crude petroleum 原油 sour crude oil 酸性原油，含硫原油 sweet crude 低硫原油 crude gas 原煤气；不纯煤气 benchmark crude 标准原油 crude phenol n. 粗酚 adj. 粗糙的；天然的，未加工的；粗鲁的rough , native , robust , raw , coarse 37.kilowatt kiluwt n. 电 千瓦（功率单位）38.revenue revnju:, -nu: n. 税收，国家的收入；收益39.monetary mnitri adj. 1.【经济学】货币的，金融的 2.金钱的，用货币的40.high-tech haitek adj. 高科技的，高技术的；仿真技术的n. 高科技41.service trade服务业；劳务贸易42.foreign-owned foreign-owned enterprise 外资企业 foreign-owned company 外国公司 foreign-owned bank 外资银行 43.susceptible sseptbl adj. 易受影响的；易感动的；容许的n. 易得病的人比较级more susceptible 最高级most susceptible Simple Questions1. What major natural resources are found in each province and territory of Canada?Forest resources and mineral reserves2. Where are the major agricultural regions in Canada?Farms in Canada mainly concentrate in two areas: one is the southern part of the three Prairie Provinces and the other is the plain area along the St. Lawrence River and to the east of the Great Lakes region.3. Why is forestry so important to the Canadian economy?The industry accounted for 3 per cent of Canadas GDP in 2003 and 11 per cent of goods exported.4. What are the regions where fishery is highly developed? What kinds of fish do Canadians catch in different regions?Fishing fields in Canada mainly spread in four regions: eastern coast, western coast, the Hudson Bay, inland rivers and Lakes.Cod, herring, crab, lobster and scallops have been the most important varieties of fish caught off the Atlantic Coast and halibut and salmon off the Pacific Coast.5. Why is the Canadian fur industry so important?The fur industry is one of the earliest industries developed in Canada.6. What are the major mineral resources in Canada?Uranium, zinc, potash, nickel, elemental sulfur, asbestos, cadmium, platinum gypsum, copper, lead, cobalt, titanium and molybdenum.7. In which regions are there huge reserves of oil and natural gas in Canada?Alberta8. What are the regions where manufacturing is most developed in Canada?O