外研八上语法与练习.doc

四种时态辨析用法时间状语动词形式例句一般现在时表示经常性的行为、意愿、状态及客观真理。everyday/week/month/year之类的短语或always, often, sometimes, usually, seldom等表示频率的词。一般是原形，如果主语是he/she/it（或单数名词），动词要变为第三人称单数形式。如：do要改为does。My pen friend always writes to me on Saturday.我的笔友经常在星期六给我写信。一般过去时表示过去的行为或状态。last day/week/month/year, yesterday, the day before yesterday等表示过去具体时间的词或after, some time ago/later等。动词形式要用过去式。如：do要改为did。He worked very hard at Chinese last year.他去年很努力地学习语文。一般将来时表示将来的动作或存在的状态。next week/month/year等或tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in the future等。will/be going to+动词原形Im going to write it down in my diary tomorrow.明天我将把它写到日记里。现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行动作。now=at the momentbe+动词的现在分词What is she doing now/at the moment？她正在做什么？ 语法专练一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.I _(watch)the football game on TV tomorrow evening.2.The girl _（count）the apples on the table now.3.He always _（repeat）the same word.4.His friend _（send）him an email last Saturday.5.The little boy _（correct）the spelling mistakes in his notebook last night.二、按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。1.They gave some concerts in China last year.（改为否定句）They gave _ _ _ concerts in China last year.2.He checked his vocabulary notebook every day.（改为一般疑问句）_he _ his vocabulary notebook every day？3.She looked worried because she didnt pass the English exam.（对划线部分提问）_ _she _ worried?4.There was a class meeting yesterday morning.（用tomorrow改写句子）There _ _ a class meeting tomorrow.5.He sometimes plays basketball with his good friends.（用now改写句子）_ _ basketball with his good friends now.语法专练一、1.am going to/will watch 2.is counting 3.repeats 4. sent 5.corrected 二、1.didnt give any 2.Does,check 3.Why did, look 4.will be 5.Hes playing【语法讲堂】现在完成时（一）如果你想说“我已经看过某部电影，所以不想看了”、“某人曾经做过什么事情”等等，该如何表达呢?首先请看下面的句子：（1）I have seen the filmI dont want to see it again这部电影我已经看过了，不想再看了。（2）Have you ever looked at a travel brochure? 你看过旅游宣传册吗?以上句子的谓语动词有一个共同的特点就是“havehas+动词的过去分词”，用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响，如（1）；还可以表示到目前为止曾经经历或没经历的事情，如（2）。我们把这种时态称为“现在完成时”。 从以上例句中我们也看到现在完成时的疑问句表达方式，由此可以推出现在完成的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其答语。人称肯定否定疑问回答 第一人称I have seen a boy in the room.I havent（have not）seen a boy in the room.Have you seen a boy in the room?Yes, I have.No, I havent. 第二人称You have been to England.You havent（have not）been to England.Have you been to England ?Yes, we have.No, we havent.第三人称He/She has been to Disneyland in Los Angeles.He/She hasnt（has not）been to Disneyland in Los Angeles.Has he/she been to Disneyland in Los Angeles ?Yes, he/she has.No, he/ she hasnt.They have played concerts all over the world.They havent（have not）played concerts all over the world.Have they played concerts all over the world ?Yes, they have .No, they havent .【语法专练】一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. _ you ever _ (write) to your friend in English.2. She _ (give ) concerts all over the world.3. They _(see) the film. They dont want to see it again.4. David _(take) many photos of stone animals before.5. Daming _(not try) skiing before.二、按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。1. Tony has washed his clothes.(改为否定句) Tony _ _ his clothes.2. We have ever been to Shanghai. (改为否定句) We have_ _ to Shanghai.3. I have swum in the sea.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答) -_ you _ _ in the sea?-_, I _.4. My parents have visited Tiananmen Square. (改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) -_ your parents _ Tiananmen Square? -No, _ _.5. She ate two apples yeasterday.( 改为现在完成时) She _ ever_ two apples.三、单项选择。1. Has John _ Beijing _ Shanghai? A. leaving; to B. left; to C. left; for D. leaving; for2. I think if youve lost the library book, you must_ it. A. pay for B. pay C. spend on D. take3. -Have you _ your key? - No, Ive _ for it everywhere, but I cant fing it. A.find; looked B.looked; found C.found; looked D. looked; looked4. Ive _ met her before, so I dont know her. A. never B. ever C. just D. yet5. -Could you _ me your bike? - Sorry, Tom _ it already.A. borrow; has lent B. borrow ; lend C. lend; has borrowed D. lend; borrow语法专练一、1. Have, written 2. has given 3. have seen 4. has taken 45. hasnt tried二、1. hasnt washed 2. never been 3. Have, ever swum; Yes, have 4. Have, visited; they havent 5. has, eaten三、1-5 CACAC现在完成时（二）例句构成have（has）+过去分词We have visited your school before.我以前曾去过你们学校。用法结束、结果：表示现在刚完成的动作。Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚刚把灯关上。（现在灯关上了）I have lost my pen.我把笔丢了。（过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）常搭配的副词：already, yet, just, ever, never。这几个词yet常在句首或者句尾，其余的常在have/has的后面，行为动词的前面。already也可在肯定句尾，表示强调，在疑问句末尾表示惊讶等。Has he finished his homework already? 对他完成了作业感到惊讶。另，before 也可以与现在完成时连用，ago只能与过去时连用。Ive ever been there before. It was ten years ago.Has he finished his homework yet?have been to 与 have gone to1.来过，去过，到过某地，（人已经回来）显著标志：ever ,never ,twice ,three times ,before. 2.去或到某地了（人还没有回来）显著标志：类似以下的句子时，要用have gone to 。He will come back next week.He isnt here/there/at home.注意一般用 have gone to 的大都是第三人称3.注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to 这四个地点副词是here ,there , home ,abroad。语法专练一、单项选择。1._ you _ your homework? -Yes, I have.A. Do; done B. Did; do C. Have; doneD. Have; do2. -_ you _ to Xian? -Yes. I went there last month.A. Did; went B. Are; goingC. Have; goneD. Have; been3. Xiao Yong _ his uncle in Australia next month.A. will see B. seesC. has visitedD. wanted to see4. -Is your mother in New York? -No, she _ Ameraca.A. has never gone to B. has never gone C. has never been to D. has never been5. I _ already _ a letter to Mr Smith. What about you? A. was; writingB. have; written C. am; writingD. had; written6. -Why do you stand outside your room? -Because I _ my key in it.A. have forget B. have forgotten C. have leave D. have left7. When will you do your work? I _ just_ it.A. have ; doneB. was; doneC. was; doing D. is; doing8. You_ around the world. Lets start next week.A. have travelledB. havent travelled C. dont have travelledD. are travelling9. -Has your sister seen the film? -Yes. She _it two days ago.A. did B. have seen C. saw D. sees 10. He_ to the space station and he will reach there one day. A. beenB. has beenC. hasnt goneD. has gone二、根据汉语完成句子。1. 美好的旧时光已经悄然而去。 The good old time_ _ quietly.2. 这个运动员已经获得了三枚金牌。The athlete _ already _ three gold medals.3.他为英国广播公司工作过。 He _ever _ for the BBC.4.我刚给布什总统写了一封信。 I _ just _ to President Bush. 5. 你从未见过真的宇宙飞船吗？ _ you never _ a real spaceraft?语法专练一、1-5 CDACB 6-10 DABCA二、1. has gone 2. has; got 3. has; worked 4. have; written 5. Have; seen【语法讲堂】现在完成时（三）1.与介词for或since连用表示某个动作或者某个状态从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在(包括现在在内)，我们可以用现在完成时。 He has lived here for 30 years.他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）Theyve known each other since childhood.他们从小彼此相识。（现在还继续往来）How long have you studied English？你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）由以上例句可以看出，在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的是for或since引导的时间状语。 注意 （1）.since+时间点或者从句，而for +一段时间。Since last year, since 1997. since 8 oclock am ,since five days ago . for ten years , for an hour（2）.对这类时间状语提问要用how long。(但how long开始的问句动词要用延续性动词，时态可不限。如How long did he stay there? How long will he stay there? )Mr Black has lived in China since 2000.(从2000年至今还在中国)比较： Mr Black lived in China in 2000.(反正2000年在中国，到底2000年后呢？不得而知)*在这种用法中，要与一段时间连用，动词必须是延续性的，非延续性的动词只能在否定句中出现，或者变成延续性的动词后也可以。We havent seen each other for some days. See 为瞬间性的动词，但在否定句中也可以和some days 一段时间连用。2. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别用法例句现在完成时现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，强调现在的情况或者状态，与过去没有关系。不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。I have seen the film already. (现在我已经了解这部电影的内容了，至于什么时候看的没有关系，反正我已看过了。) 一般过去时一般过去时只表示这动作是在过去某个时间发生的，或者说是过去某个时间发生了某个动作而已，和现在没有关系。可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。I saw the film last year .( 只是表示我是去年看的这部电影。)常用的过去时间状语：yesterday, just now , last year , in 2000, some minutes ago, the day before yesterday etc. 【语法专练】一、选用never, already, yet, since或 for完成句子。1. He has _ read the book twice.2. Have you worked on the farm _ three years ago?3. -Havent you had your breakfast_? -Yes, I have.4. The Wangs have lived in the old house _ about thirty years.5. The little boy has _ seen his mother, so he doesnt know her.二、根据所给单词或汉语提示，用其适当的形式完成句子。1. -How many schools _ Project Hope _ since 1989?(build) -Sorry, I dont know.2. Miss Liu _ us English last term.(teach)3. The students _ in the school since two years ago.(study)4. -How long _ you _the computer? -For half a year.(买)5. They _ here for five minutes.(离开)三、单句改错。1. So far we learned about 2,000 English words.2. Weiming has joined a soldier for two years.3. Mary has never gone to Canada.4. My father has been in Jinan three days ago.5. He has written the book since 2004 ago.语法专练一、1. already 2. since 3. yet 4. for 5. never二、1. has, built 2. taught 3. have studied 4. have, had 5. have been away三、1. learned-have learned 2. joined-been 3. gone-been 4. has beenwent 5.去掉ago【语法讲堂】反意疑问句例句定义又叫附加疑问句,指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。You have been to Beijing, havent you? 你去过北京，是吗？构成a.“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。b.反问句的主语必须是代替主语的代词.c.反问句的谓语动词在时态和人称上要与前面谓语动词一致.1)陈述部分有be、情态动词、助动词，反问部分用相应的词。 2）陈述句部分谓语为行为动词时，反问句根据时态用相应的助动词do / does /did 。3)陈述部分有hardly, never, few, little,等否定词时，反问部分要用肯定式。She was not at home at that time, wasnt she ? The girls can play the violin, cant they ?She has been there since June,hasnt she ?Mary often listens to pops ,doesnt she ? There is little water in the bottle, is there ?祈使句的反疑问句a.一般祈使句,will you ? b. Lets, shall we ? c.Let us, will you ? Dont open the door, will you ?Lets take a rest, shall we ?Let us do it, will you ?反意疑问句的回答反问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用“Yes+肯定结构”，事实是否定的，就要用“No+否定结构”。 1）He likes playing football, doesnt he? -Yes, he does. -No, he doesnt.2)-He doesnt likes playing football, does he? -Yes, he does. -No, he doesnt.【语法专练】一、根据句意完成下列反意疑问句。 1. Han Hong isnt a famous singer, _ _? 2. Your father can cook,_ _? 3. Li Ming and Wei Fang have never been to Xian, _ _? 4. Mr. Smith is singing in his office, _ _? 5. The girl went to school yesterday, _ _?二、根据对话内容完成反意疑问句。Yang Ying: Hi, Li Ping! Its a funny day, 1_ _?Li Ping: Yes, it is. You will vosit the Great Wall, 2_ _?Yang Ying: Yes, I will. You havent visited it, 3_ _?Li Ping: Yes, I have. LI Lei didnt go there last month, 4_ _?Yang Ying: No, he didnt. Your brother doesnt like travelling, 5_ _?Li Ping: Yes, he does.三、单项选择。1. Young men shouldnt waste much time in playing the computer games, _? A. didnt they B. did they C. should they D. shouldnt they2. -I dont think he is a movie star, _?-_. I agree with you. A. is he; Yes B. is he; No C. do I; Yes D. isnt he; No3. You neednt do that when you are tired, _? A. neednt you B. need you C. are you D. arent you4. He had little idea that it was getting so late, _? A. didnt he B. wasnt it C. did he D. was it5. There is nothing we can do, _ A. is there B. cant we C. isnt there D. can we语法专练一、1. is she 2. cant he 3. have they 4. isnt he 5. didnt she二、1. isnt it 2. wont you 3. have you 4. did he 5. does he三、1-5CBBCA【语法讲堂】过去进行时要点例句概念过去进行时表示过去某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。构成过去进行时由“was/ were+动词-ing”构成。It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。用法表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。I was having supper at 7:00 yesterday evening.昨天晚上7点我正在吃晚饭。表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。We were talking about you the whole morning. 我们整个上午都在说你。在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，则主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行) 常用时间状语this morning, all day， yesterday, from nine to ten，last evening,when, whileWhat was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？ 特殊动词这些词通常不能用于过去进行时。agree,be, believe, belong, care,forget, hate, have,hear, know,like,love, mean,mind,notice,own,remember, seem,suppose,under