英语四六级翻译题型-中国传统习俗(含参考答案).docx

这就是重五这一别称的由来。端午节里流传最广的活动是吃粽子、喝雄黄酒以及赛龙舟。其他常见的活动还包括挂钟馗像、写符咒和佩戴香囊药包。古代的人们认为，所有这些活动，连同喝雄黄酒，都能有效防病驱邪、促进生活安康。This is the origin of its alternative name, Double Fifth. Three of the most widespread activities for Duanwu Festival are eating zongzi, drinking realgar wine, and racing dragon boats. Other common activities include hanging up icons of Zhong Kui, writing spells and wearing perfumed medicine bags. All of these activities, together with the drinking of realgar wine, were regarded by the ancients as effective in preventing disease and evil, and promoting health and well-being. 蹴鞠是中国古代的一项球类运动。它是竞技运动，要把球踢进网内。该运动是为了训练士兵而发明的。在汉代，从军队到皇室，乃至贵族阶层，蹴鞠很很盛行。由于社会经济的发展，蹴鞠在宋代甚至风靡社会各阶层。当时，职业蹴鞠球员十分普遍。这些球员分为两类：一类是由皇室训练并为皇室表演，而另一类则由靠蹴鞠谋生的平名百姓组成。Cuju is an ancient Chinese ball name. It is a competitive game that involves kicking a ball through an opening into a net. The game was invented for military training purposes. During the Han Dynasty, the popularity of Cuju spread from the army to the royal courts and upper classes. Due to social and economic development, the sport even extended its popularity to every class in society during the Song Dynasty. At that time, professional Cuju played were quite popular. These players fell into two groups: One was trained by and performed for the royal court and the other consisted of civilians who made a living as Cuju players.故宫雄伟、壮丽，是中国古代古建筑艺术的巅峰之作，其规模和独具特色的风格享誉世界。故宫内保存着大量珍贵。稀有的古物，它们对研究明、清两代历史和历代艺术具有十分重要的意义。1925年故宫改名为故宫博物馆，并成为世界上最大的博物馆之一。新中国成立后，人民政府投入了大量资金对故宫进行保护和维修。它现在是北京最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。The Forbidden City, grand and magnificent, represents the highest peak of ancient Chinese architecture and enjoys worldwide fame for its scale and unique style. Preserved here are a large number of rare and precious antiques, which are of great significance to the study of Ming and Qing history and the arts of past dynasties. In 1925, the Forbidden City was renamed Palace Museum and became one of the largest museums in the world. Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, the national government has spent large sums on the protection and maintenance of the Forbidden City. At present it is one of the most popular tourism sites in Beijing. 无论中国人走到哪里，都不会改掉喝茶的习惯。茶最先由中国人发现，它是中国人生活中不可或缺的组成部分。有一句中国谚语将基本的日常必需品称为柴米油烟酱醋茶。一千多年以来，饮茶的习俗已经在中国人心中根深蒂固。唐朝时，一个名叫陆羽的人写了世界上第一部关于茶的著作茶经，这部书有助于在中国推广饮茶艺术。Wherever the Chinese go, the custom of drinking tea follows. Tea was first discovered by the Chinese and it is an indispensable part of the life of the Chinese. A Chinese saying identifies the basic daily necessities as fuel, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea. The custom of drinking tea has been ingrained in the Chinese for over a thousand years. In Tang Dynasty, a man named Lu Yu created the first compendium in the world on tea, Book of Tea. This work helped to popularize the art of tea drinking all across China. 刺绣是一种具有悠久传统的民间艺术，在中国艺术和手工艺品史上占有重要地位。刺绣的长期发展离不开蚕的饲养和纺丝技术的发展。中国是世界上第一个发现和使用丝绸的国家。早在5000年前，中国就已经开始饲养蚕。丝绒和丝制品的生产促进了刺绣艺术的诞生。时至今日，丝绣几乎已经传遍整个中国。最好的绣品通常被认为来源于下面四省：江苏（尤其是苏州）、湖南、四川和广东，各省绣品各具特色。Embroidery, a folk art with a long tradition, occupies an important position in the history of Chinese arts and crafts. It is, in its long development, inseparable from silkworm-raising and silk reeling and weaving. China is the first country in the world that discovered the use of silk. Silkworms were domesticated as early as 5000 years ago. The production of silk thread and fabrics gave rise to the art of embroidery. Today, silk embroidery is practised nearly all over China. It is generally agreed that the best commercial products come from four provinces: Jiangsu (notably Suzhou), Hunan, Sichuan and Guangdong, each with its distinctive features. Traditional Chinese paintings constitute a unique school of art, a school that, in style and techniques is widely different from any other art school in the world. Traditional Japanese art may be the only exception, but it has to be remembered that it has been heavily influenced by the Chinese culture. The Chinese do paintings with brushes, dipping their brushes in ink or paint and then skillfully wielding them. Painters produce on the paper pictures with lines and dots-some heavy, and some light, and some deep, and some pale. In the hands of a good painter, brushes and ink are not only tools for drawing pictures, but also the symbol of his or her artistic pursuit. Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by LuoGuanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280. It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800,000 words, 1,191 characters, and 120 chapters.孔子是一位思想家、政治家、教育家，也是中国儒学思想的创始人。儒学，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West. 中国是茶的故乡。据说早在五六千年前，中国就有了茶树，而且有关茶树的人类文明可以追溯到两千年前。来自中国的茶和丝绸、瓷器一样，在1000年前为世界所知，而且一直是中国重要的出口产品。目前世界上40多个国家种植茶，其中亚洲国家的产量占世界总产量的90%。其他国家的茶树都直接或间接地起源于中国。China is the homeland of tea. It is believed that China has tea shrubs as early as five to six thousand years. Tea from China, along with her silk and porcelain, began to be known the world over more than a thousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export. At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90% of the worlds total output. All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.中国扇子的历史可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝。第一种扇子叫做“扇汗”， 是栓在马车上用来挡住强烈的阳光，给乘客遮雨的。“扇汗”有点像现在的雨伞。后来“扇汗”变成了由薄但是结实的丝绸或者鸟的羽毛做成的长柄扇，称为中山扇，它主要用于皇帝的仪仗装饰。The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3000 years ago, around the Shang Dynasty. The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine and shelter the passengers from the rainfall. The Shanhan was a bit like todays umbrella. Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silk or birds feathers, called a Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperors honor guarded as decoration. 公元220年开始的300年里，中国分成了三个小王国。一个是魏国，位于中国北部，由曹氏家族统治。还有一个王国叫做蜀汉，位于中国的西南部，由刘备统治。另外一个王国叫做吴国，位于中国的东南部，由孙权统治。中国文化里最伟大的书籍之一三国演义就是关于这段时间的。For three hundred years starting in 220 AD, China was divided into three smaller kingdoms. One kingdom that lies in north was called Wei, and it was ruled by the Tsao family. The second kingdom was called Shu Han, and it was ruled by Liu Bei. It was in the south-west part of China. The third kingdom was called Wu, and it was ruled by Sun Chuan. Wu was in the south-east part of China. One of the great books of Chinese literature, the Romance of Three Kingdoms, is about this time. 舞龙是中华文化中一种传统的舞蹈表现形式。传统上来讲，其表演动作象征着龙的历史地位，显示了力量与尊贵。舞龙起源于汉代。人们认为它最初是作为耕作收成文化的一部分；同时也是一种治病防病的方法起源。舞龙在宋代已十分流行，成为了一项民间活动，且最常见于各种节日庆典中。舞龙是世界各地唐人街举办春节庆典的一个重头戏。Dragon dance is a form of traditional performance in Chinese culture. The movements in the performance traditionally symbolize historical roles of dragons, demonstrating power and dignity. The dragon dance originated in the Han Dynasty. It is believed to have begun as part of the farming and harvest culture, also with origins as a method of healing and preventing sickness, It was already a popular event during the Song Dynasty when it had become a folk activity and was most often seen in various festival celebrations. The dragon dance is a highlight of Chinese New Year celebrations held worldwide in Chinatown around the world. 中国以创造各种方式/方法来方便人类生活而广为人知。在中国古代的发明中，四大发明不仅为中国的发展，还为世界经济和文化的发展，做出了巨大贡献。中国古代的四大发明分别是造纸术，印刷术，火药和指南针。中国古代的四大发明为世界经济和人类文化作出了重要贡献，而且这也是中国作为世界文明大国的重要象征。China is well known for its introduction of ways and means to help ease the life of mankind. Among the inventions of Ancient China, four emerged as great contributions to the developments and changes not only to the country, but also to the worlds economy and culture. The Four Great Inventions of ancient China were papermaking, commercial printing, gunpowder, and the compass. Chinas four great ancient inventions made tremendous contributions to the worlds economy and the culture of mankind. They were also important symbols of Chinas role as a great and world civilization. 中国人喜欢在一起吃饭，这个传统可以追溯到很久之前。这反映出中国人喜欢团圆，不愿分离的观念圆桌，圆盘，圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。盘子通常放在桌子的中央，这样坐在面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐，团圆的气氛。朋友们也喜欢在一起吃饭，生活。最近一位美国汉学家的著作认为，中国人的集体观念就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago. It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division_ round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection. Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them. A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union. Friends also like to eat and live together. A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together. 几个世纪以来，中国在自然界中寻求灵感和自知之明。因此，在中国园林中引发自然世界。由于城市土地一直昂贵，中国城市的园林相对都比较小，但是每一个中国园林都致力于岩石，植物，水看起来比它实际上要更好，因为中国的园林设计师用巧妙的方式带领游客从一个独特的有历史交到另一个有利视角。For centuries, the Chinese have sought inspiration and self-knowledge in nature. Hence, the gardens in China evoke the natural world. Because land has always been expensive in cities, urban China gardens are relatively small, but the space of every Chinese garden devoted to rocks, plants and water seems much greater than it actually is because of the clever ways in which Chinese garden designers lead the visitor from one unique vantage point to another. 在传统的中国家庭文化中，同一祖先的几代后裔居住在一起，形成一个大家庭。这种自治家族制度是中国传统社会的基本单位。中国的孩子们跟随他们父亲的姓。这和西方文化是一样的。如今在中国，孩子跟父亲的姓或母亲的姓在法律上都是合法的。除了那些因为结婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人们的姓氏都是一样的。In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big family system. This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society. Chinese children follow their fathers family name. This is the same as western culture. Nowadays in China it is legally fine for a child to follow either fathers family name or mothers family name. Within each family system, of course people except those who jointed this family system through marriage all have the same family name. 孙大圣是中国古典文学名著西游记中的一个主要的人物。他是唐僧第一个徒弟。其实在中国，他最受欢迎的名字不是“孙大圣”，而是“孙悟空”，这是教他72变的第一个师傅给他起的名字。“悟”的意思是“启迪”。“空”的意思是“无”，这是佛学中最重要的一个认识。在佛学中，人必须放弃欲望和所有对财富、名声的渴望，以培养自己为佛。Monkey King is one of the main characters in Chinese classic literature masterpieces “Journey to the West”. He is the first dis