Oracle12c单机安装_For_Linux_x64.docx

Linux 平台安装Oracle Database 12c1.Oracle Database 12cRelease 1介质准备12.检查硬件要求(Check Hardware Requirements)22.1Check CPU22.2Check Memory22.3Check Disk Capacity33.检查软件要求(Checking the Software Requirements)33.1操作系统版本检测33.2检查oracle 12c所需包44.系统配置准备64.1创建Oracle用户和用户组64.2创建安装目录64.3Disable SELinux64.4修改系统内核参数74.5设置用户限制104.6配置环境变量114.7解压安装镜像文件125.安装步骤截图126.创建数据库截图216.1创建CDB216.2创建nonCDB317.附录42421. Oracle Database 12cRelease 1介质准备官方的下载地址：1：/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html2：/EPD/Download/get_form?egroup_aru_number=16496132URL地址2需要先注册，然后才能登陆下载，注册登陆界面地址1下载的文件为：linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.ziplinuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip地址2下载的文件为（）：V38500-01_1of2.zipV38500-01_2of2.zip2. 检查硬件要求(Check Hardware Requirements)2.1 Check CPU# grep model name /proc/cpuinfomodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHzmodel name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 2.70GHz# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l8# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical id | sort | uniq | wc -l42.2 Check Memory# grepMemTotal /proc/meminfo# free -gOracle 12c 对系统内存的最低要求为1G，推荐2G或更大的内存。Oracle对交换分区（Swap Space）的推荐设置如下，2.3 Check Disk Capacity#df -hOracle 12c 企业版的需要6.4G大小的磁盘空间，标准版需要6.1G大小的磁盘空间。/tmp需要至少1G的大小。从上面结果得知，磁盘空间完全满足。3. 检查软件要求(Checking the Software Requirements)3.1 操作系统版本检测Oracle 12 c 只支持64位的Linux系统。不支持32Linux平台，这也许是以后的趋势了。Operating System Requirements for x86-64 Linux Platforms。 Oracle 的官方文档明确列出了支持下面三个Linux版本Supported Oracle Linux 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Distributions for x86-64Supported Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Distributions for x86-64Supported SUSE Distributions for x86-64# uname -mx86_64# uname -r2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek# more /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Tikanga)# uname -aLinux 2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek #1 SMP Wed Jul 27 21:02:33 EDT 2011 x86_64 x86_64x86_64 GNU/Linuxrootgetoraclelnx01 Server# lsb_release -idDistributor ID: EnterpriseEnterpriseServerDescription: Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Carthage)3.2 检查oracle 12c所需包关于Oracle 12c所需包，从官方文档看，不同版本的操作系统似乎有所不同，Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5需要安装下面一些包binutils-.6compat-libstdc+-33-3.2.3compat-libstdc+-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)gcc-4.1.2gcc-c+-4.1.2glibc-2.5-58glibc-2.5-58 (32 bit)glibc-devel-2.5-58glibc-devel-2.5-58 (32 bit)kshlibaio-0.3.106libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)libaio-devel-0.3.106libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit)libgcc-4.1.2libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit)libstdc+-4.1.2libstdc+-4.1.2 (32 bit)libstdc+-devel 4.1.2libXext-1.0.1libXext-1.0.1 (32 bit)libXtst-1.0.1libXtst-1.0.1 (32 bit)libX11-1.0.3libX11-1.0.3 (32 bit)libXau-1.0.1libXau-1.0.1 (32 bit)libXi-1.0.1libXi-1.0.1 (32 bit) make-3.81sysstat-7.0.2#rpm -q binutilscompat-libstdc+ gccgcc-c+ glibcglibc-develkshlibaiolibaio-devellibgcclibstdc+ libstdc+-devellibXextlibXtst libX11 libXaulibXi make sysstat# rpm -ivhpkg_name如上所示，既可以用rpm安装，也可以用yum本地源进行安装，这个就看那个方便以及个人的喜好、习惯了。一般推荐用yum安装，不过需要进行配置。4. 系统配置准备4.1 创建Oracle用户和用户组# groupadd-g 501dba# groupadd -g 502oinstall# useradd-u 500 -g oinstall -G dba oracleid oracleuid=500(oracle) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),501(dba)创建了oracle用户以及相关用户组后，需要设置oracle用户密码。4.2 创建安装目录# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle4.3 Disable SELinux# /usr/sbin/sestatusSELinux status: disabled# /usr/sbin/getenforceDisabled从上面可以看出SELinux已经被禁用了，如果没有禁用，则可以通过下面命令禁用getenforce (returns Enforcing) setenforce 0 getenforce (returns Permissive) End to restore it to enforcing setenforce 1 getenforce (returns Enforcing) 4.4 修改系统内核参数在修改系统内核参数前，你可以用命令先查看一下当前各类系统参数的值，亦或直接查看配置文件/etc/sysctl.conf# getconf PAGESIZE4096# sysctl -a | grepsemkernel.sem = 250 32000 32 128# sysctl -a | grepshmkernel.shmmax = 68719476736kernel.shmall = 4294967296kernel.shmmni = 4096vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 0# sysctl -a | grep file-maxfs.file-max = 2414060# sysctl -a | grepip_local_port_rangenet.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 61000关于内核参数的一些设置建议，可以参考下面资料：修改前最后先备份一下/etc/sysctl.conf，以防万一。# cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak# vi /etc/sysctl.conf添加或修改下面参数kernel.shmmax = 68719476736kernel.shmall = 6029312kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 262144net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =9000 65500fs.file-max=65536fs.aio-max-nr=1048576kernel.shmall =physical RAM size / pagesize (getconf PAGESIZE) - If the defaults are greater then leave it.kernel.shmall = 内存大小/4k=32*1024*1024/4 = 8388608kernel.shmmax = 20*1024*1024=20971520 而默认的为68719476736，那么使用默认值#samplekernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744# Recommended value for kernel.shmmnikernel.shmmni = 4096修改完成后保存，然后运行sysctl -p 命令使之生效4.5 设置用户限制在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下配置。oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft stack 10240oracle hard stack 10240Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/login file,if it does not already exist.session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.soAdd the following to/etc/profile if Oracle user will use the bash shell.if $USER = oracle ; thenulimit -u 16384ulimit -n 65536fi4.6 配置环境变量首先切换到oracle账户，编辑修改主目录下 .bash_profileTMP=/tmp; export TMPTMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIRORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASEORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOMEORACLE_SID=epps; export ORACLE_SIDORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERMPATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATHPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATHLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATHCLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATHif $USER = oracle ; thenif $SHELL = /bin/ksh ; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fifi使配置生效$source .bash_profile4.7 解压安装镜像文件$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip5. 安装步骤截图验证参数时，fs.file-max设置为65536，但是ORACLE推荐使用68157744，net.core.wmem_max大小为262144，oracle 推荐使用1048576，修改内核参数，运行sysctl -p使之生效。然后重新验证通过# sysctl -pnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 0net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0kernel.sysrq = 0kernel.core_uses_pid = 1net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1kernel.msgmnb = 65536kernel.msgmax = 65536kernel.shmmax = 68719476736kernel.shmall = 6029312kernel.shmmni = 4096