温湿度恒定是油画完好保存的关键.doc

温湿度恒定是油画完好保存的关键油画作品的保存，另一重点考虑的是温度和湿度问题。太湿的环境下，油画容易吸湿膨胀，造成油绘层与基础脱离或部分空鼓，油质变黄、变质，油画生霉腐朽等。通常最适合的环境湿度应在50%到60%之间，环境温度应控制在1822摄氏度之间。温度过高会导致油画翘曲变形，易沾灰;而低温会导致油画油绘层老化脆裂，在搬运时易受损伤。中国南北方的温度和湿度差异较大，地处亚热带地区的南方，一年当中大部分时间气温高，雨水充足，气候特征呈现为闷热而潮湿，相对北方而言，对油画的保护困难得多。居家环境当然做不到像美术馆陈列那样，严格控制温度和湿度，其实，在正常情况下，一定的温度或湿度并不是造成油画损坏的主要原因，而是这两者的不断变化，储藏空间要求相对稳定，需要将这种变化降到最低。陈列油画的地方可以放置计量温度和湿度的仪器，观察变化，并进行适度控制和调整。事实上，美术馆和博物馆是用玻璃层作为保护来陈列美术作品的，在外部罩有3.5mm厚的玻璃，温度和湿度就更容易局部控制，如果家中条件允许的话，选择这样的收藏方式更为妥当。陈列位置和光线选择好以后，油画的悬挂也有几点技巧。首先，正确的拿画方法是用两手掌触及画框边缘举起画，大拇指轻轻捏住画框边角，切勿用力压触画面，以免画布凹陷松懈。其次，作品悬挂要牢稳，顶端稍前倾，这样既能获得良好的观赏效果，又能使画背后空气流通。再次，可以在画框底端两角与墙面之间垫上软木垫，以防作品与墙面湿气直接接触。此外，用KT板封住画作的背面，在上下对角开两个圆孔，并用疏织棉布封盖，可以在保持空气流通的同时，防止沙尘与昆虫的入侵。而为了防止画布背面受潮，可在画布背面薄薄涂上两层预先溶解在松节油中的天然蜂蜡，能完全防止潮湿空气的渗入。如果担心自己操作会出现差错，不妨请专业人士帮忙，每隔三五年要给画作做一次“光油处理”，一方面可以阻隔空气对画面的破坏，另一方面会把原本的色彩完美地还原出来。有些细节问题也不可忽视。首要的便是家里保持洁净，这是维护收藏的基本工作，接触油画之前先洗手，以免污染画边和画面，油画要远离喷雾剂与香烟的烟雾，并且定期清除浮尘。除尘之前务必小心查看，看清楚油画表面是否有裂掉、松动的地方，除尘动作要避开这些部分。除尘工具的选择是重中之重，最好选择毛质材料的笔或刷子，切忌用抹布擦，更不能用湿抹布，因为湿气进入笔触的纹里就不容易出来，表面的光油与水汽结合产生“雾白”效果，画布会不规则缩胀，对颜料的均匀附着更不利。贮藏也是有要求的。要同样选择温度和湿度适合的房间，远离窗户、水管和火炉，厨房、地下室和浴室都不可选。放置的时候切忌将两幅油画的画面对贴。否则一旦温度升高，画面容易粘连，导致油彩脱落、画面受损。有些需要从内框上拆下的作品，必须彻底干燥，不可阳光直晒，需慢慢阴干。卷起时画面向外，轴心要大些，不能卷得太紧，似卷轴式中国画那样保存最佳，但是这种方法只限于绘色层较薄的作品。油画在异地收藏时，需要重新装框或装裱。Constant temperature and humidity is the key of the oil painting preserved intactThe preservation of the oil painting, is another key consideration of the temperature and humidity. Too wet environment, the oil painting of hygroscopic and expansion of easy, cause oil painting layer and base from or part of the empty drum, qualitative change yellow, metamorphism, oil paintings mildew decay, and so on. Usually the most suitable environment humidity should be between 50% and 60%, the environment temperature should be controlled between 18 22 degrees Celsius. Higher temperature can make oil painting buckling deformation, easy touch ash; And low temperature can cause the oil painting oil painting layer aging embrittlement, easily damaged during handling. Chinas north and the differences in temperature and humidity is bigger, the southern subtropical region, a year most of the time, the temperature is high, the rainwater enough, presents a hot, damp climate characteristics, relative to the north, the protection of oil painting much more difficult. The environment that occupy the home, of course, do not like the gallery display, strictly control the temperature and humidity, in fact, under normal circumstances, a certain temperature or humidity is not the main cause of damage of oil painting, but both changing, relatively stable storage space requirements, need to minimize the change. Display canvas can be placed where temperature and humidity measurement instrument, observe the change, and make an appropriate adjustment and control. In fact, art galleries and museums is to use glass layer as a protection to display works of art, in the external cover is 3.5 mm thick glass, it would be easier to local temperature and humidity control, if conditions permit in the home, choose such way of collection is more appropriate. Display position and after selecting good light, painting hanging also have several skills. First of all, what would be the right way to take picture with two hands touch the edge of the frame up, thumb gently knead frame corners, do not forcibly pressure touch screen, so as to avoid the canvas sag. Secondly, the work suspension to secure, apex slightly forward, that can gain good ornamental effect, and can make the painting behind the air circulation. Again, can be in the frame on the bottom of the two horns with metope between cork mat mat, works to prevent direct contact with metope of moisture. In addition, the KT board seal in the back of the painting, the diagonal to open up and down two round hole, and steam woven cotton cloth block, can maintain the air circulation at the same time, to prevent the invasion of dust and insects.And in order to prevent the canvas on the back of be affected with damp be affected with damp, but on the back of the canvas coated with two layers of thin is dissolved in turpentine in the natural beeswax, can completely prevent the damp air infiltration. If you worry about operation will appear mistake, should ask professional personage to help, every three to five years to give the painting for a light oil processing, on the one hand, can cut off the air for the destruction of the picture, on the other hand would make perfect the original color reduction. Some details can not be ignored. First is clean in the home, this is to maintain the basic work of collection, oil painting to wash your hands before you contact, in order to avoid pollution of painting and pictures, paintings from the spray, and the smoke of my cigarette and regularly to remove dust. Dust before be sure to carefully check to see whether there is a clear painting surface crack, loose, dust removal action to avoid these parts. Dust removal tool selection is a priority, it is better to choose the pen or brush is qualitative material, avoid by all means use dishcloth, more cant use wet dishcloth, because moisture into lines of stroke is not easy to come out, in combination with light oil and water vapor on the surface of the white fog effect, the canvas will be irregular expansion, more adverse to uniform paint adhesion. Storage is required. To also select suitable temperature and humidity room, away from Windows, plum