企业财务管理_外文献翻译.doc

The Organization of Financial management modeAbstract SMEs as a whole have made outstanding contributions to the economic development of countriesIn an economic globalization era，more and more countries pay attention to the role of SMEsAlthough American SMEs played a major role in promoting the countryS economic development，many American SMEs simply pursuit the considerable portion of sales and market share and ignored the core position of the financial managementThe management sense is rigid，and enterprise management limited to the production and operation of the management structure，enterprise financial management and risk control have not been fully used，which lead to negative effects on SMEs credit and financing channelsThe reason is the lack of an effective financial management supportTherefore，deepen financial reform， explored the financial potential，improved the level of financial management，reform The mode of finance managementoperation，and build up the financial management mode which suit to the present status of amerian SMEs are the top priorityKey words：SMEs；financial management；financial management modeConcept of small and medium scale business Small and medium scale enterprise have been defined in various ways by various people and government agency just as It has been worked on in various ways by different nation. Micro business has been recognized, a small firm is recognized as well as medium scale business. However, our work will cover both the micro business or small-scale business and the medium scale business. The most comprehensive study of small firms in the United Kingdom was that carried out by the Bolton Committee (1971). The committee defined small firms “as one with not more than 200 employees. Financial management The financial management of financial activities and financial relations based on the objective existence of the enterprise in the production process,is organization enterprise fund activities to deal with an economic management of the enterprises and the various aspects of the financial relationship and is an important part of enterprise management.Financial management mode Financial management mode under the guidance of managers in certain financial management thought,of Corporate Financial Management Standard, financial management objects and financial management methods to integration promote effective financial management activities, reasonable running of a state.Present problems 1.One-sided pursuit of hot industry, regardless of objective conditions and their own ability, ignoring the impact of the national macro-control of enterprise development, and that what the industry can do, what the industry can do a good job. Some enterprises even one-sided that state regulation of what should be on what can certainly make money. Second, the scale of investment in the project, capital structure, the construction period, as well as sources of funding, lack of scientific planning and deployment, the lack of reliable forecasts of the cash flow of the project construction and operation of process that will take place hastily. Once the state has increased the intensity of macroeconomic regulation and control, the tightening of bank credit, construction funds can not be scheduled in place, businesses face a dilemma, even causing huge economic losses. Not only the enterprises themselves to pay a heavy price, some banks will also be dragged into the quagmire. 2.Weak awareness of financial risks, the business has always been run in a high-risk area.Enterprises to develop, it is inevitable to liability business, make full use of the role of financial leverage. However, some companies, regardless of the cost, at all costs, do not consider their own ability to repay, and do everything possible to obtain loans from banks. Some companies do not even understand the debt to repay the most simple and obvious truth, that to obtain loans from the bank is to make a profit, and only to consider how loans get their hands on, and did not seriously consider how to make limited funds play a benefit more did not consider how to repay. Borrowed funds can not play an effective role, some companies have entered a vicious cycle to rely on loans to survive. As a result, debt-ridden, great financial risk. 3.Weak financial controls. Strictly for cash management, the formation of unused funds or insufficient. Some companies believe that cash as possible, resulting in idle cash, did not participate in the production of turnover; does not establish a strict credit policy, the lack of effective collection measures, receivables can not be cashed, or the formation of the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable turnover is slow, the recovery of funds difficult. Inventory control is weak, cause funding sluggish. Countermeasures to address financial management issues 1.Narrow financing channels for SMEs, a direct impact on the quality of financial management. Also become a bottleneck restricting the development of small and um-sized enterprises. The SMEs operating small-scale, poor to withstand market risks, should be based on their characteristics as much as possible the funds devoted to the short payback period, a relatively low-risk projects, improve capital efficiency, effectively broaden the corporate finance. 2.SMEs to establish medium-and long-term goals, and properly handle the current and long-term interests to establish confidence in investing. Basis, the analysis of the enterprises own operating conditions to be true of the financial indicators provided by the finance department to determine their own investment approach. Should invest in the project feasibility analysis, analysis from the advanced nature of the products, market productivity and market competitiveness, scientific forecasting and decision-making, large project on the degree of risk, the decision facing the uncertainty of the risk program should take the initiative avoided. Dispersing funds to reduce investment risk. Investment diversification is the effective way for modern enterprises to reduce investment risk and control investment risk. 3.Accountants must be familiar with and comply with national laws and regulations, compliance with the financial discipline and system, to comply with professional ethics, good business qualities, which are the basic requirements for the implementation of financial innovation project, but also the ability to innovate and the spirit of innovation. 4.To establish the positions of division of labor system and the system of rotation, especially for incompatible positions, such as accounting and cashier, you can not let a person who should have a certain period of time and for the same job, the same individuals as the time, to the period should be rotated. Standardize accounting. Raise the level of basic accounting work.Writer: Yoshihiro Francis Fukuyama From: Economic Research.2009中小型企业财务管理模式的探析摘要 中小企业作为一个整体的组织.在经济全球化时代的经济发展做出了突出贡献，越来越多的国家重视中小企业.虽然中小企业发挥了重要作用，促进经济发展，但是许多中小企业的作用相当一部分单纯追求销量和市场份额而忽略核心地位的财务管理。管理意识是刚性的，仅限于生产经营的管理结构和企业管理，企业财务管理和风险控制没有得到充分使用，这对中小型企业的信贷和融资渠道产生了负面影响，原因是缺乏有效的财务管理支持。所以深化金融改革，探讨了金融的潜力，提高财务管理水平，建立财务管理模式适合中小企业的现状是重中之重。关键词：中小型企业，财务管理，财务管理模式中小型企业的概念中小型企业被各界人士和政府机构以各种方式定义，正如它在不同的国家以多种方式发挥作用。微型企业被认为是一个小公司或中型企业。不管怎样，我们的工作即包括微型企业或小型业务，也包括中等规模业务。对小型公司进行最全面研究的是在英国，由博尔顿委员会提出（1971）。委员会定义“小型公司”为“一个不超过200名员工的企业”。 财务管理 财务管理是基于企业在生产过程中客观存在的财务活动和财务关系而产生的，是组织企业资金活动、处理企业同各方面的财务关系的一项经济管理工作，是企业管理的重要组成部分。财务管理模式财务管理模式是指管理者在一定财务管理思想的指导下，对企业财务管理目标、财务管理对象和财务管理方法进行整合以推动财务管理活动有效、合理运行的一种管理状态。11.目前存在的问题1、片面追求“热门”产业，不顾客观条件和自身能力，无视对企业发展的影响，认为什么行业都可以做，什么行业都能够做好。对项目的投资规模、资金结构、建设周期以及资金来源等缺乏科学的筹划与部署，对项目建设和经营过程中将要发生的现金流量缺乏可靠的预测，仓促上马。一旦国家收紧银行信贷，使得建设资金不能如期到位，企业就面临进退两难的境地，甚至造成巨大经济损失。近几年来许多企业所投资的钢铁、电解铝、水泥等项目由于资金困难而夭折，或“割肉”卖出或成为永久性“在建工程”，不仅企业自己为此付出了惨重的代价，也将一些银行拖入泥潭。2、财务风险意识淡薄，企业始终在高风险区运行。这表现在三个方面：一是过度负债。企业要发展，就不可避免地要负债经营，充分利用财务杠杆的作用。但是，一些企业不顾成本、不惜代价，不考虑自身的偿还能力，千方百计从银行获取贷款。有些企业甚至不明白“借债还钱”这一最浅显不过的道理，认为从银行获得贷款就是获得利润，只考虑如何将贷款弄到手，而并没有认真考虑如何能让有限的资金发挥效益，更没有考虑如何偿还。在借入资金不能有效发挥作用的情况下，一些企业进入了靠贷款维持生存的恶性循环。其结果是债台高筑，财务风险极大。二是短债长投。企业要获得固定资产贷款比较困难。一些企业就采取变通的办法，擅自改变贷款用途，将短期借债用于投资回收期过长的长期项目投资，导致企业流动负债大大高于流动资产，使企业面临极大的潜在支付危机；三是企业之间相互担保，相同资产重复抵押，或为了融资而不断投资新项目，甚至“拆东墙补西墙”，形成复杂的债务链。这不仅加大了银行对企业财务状况判断的难度，也给财务监管带来很大困难，造成整体负债率不断抬高，企业经营成本和财务费用不断加大，支付能力日渐脆弱，