江苏省徐州市高中英语 Unit3 Grammar and usage课件3 牛津译林版必修3.ppt

unit3backtothepastgrammar presentperfecttense gooverthenewsstoryonpage2andfindthesentencesusingthepresentperfecttense pleaseexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences thedisappearanceofjustin make kellyveryunhappy hasmade weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast butareconnectedtothepresent theusesofthepresentperfecttense i notsee justinsincelastfridaynight havenotseen wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepast andisstillhappeningnow completethefollowingsentenceswiththepropertense 1we study englishforaboutfiveyears 2they live inthesouthsincetheirdaughterwasborn 3i read yourarticlethreetimes it swellwritten 4thestudent finish herhomeworkalready 5eric go backtohishometowntoday 6thepolice justfinish searchingthearea havestudied havelived haveread hasfinished hasgone havejustfinished weusethepresentperfecttensewhentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant weuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas alreadyeverforjustlatelyneverrecentlysinceyet already yet for since weusealreadyforaffirmativestatementsandyetfornegativestatements weusefor aperiodoftimeandsince apointintime hehasjustgoneout hewentoutafewminutesago weusethepresentperfecttenseheretotellothersthatheisn therenow ihavejustheardthenews nowiknowthenews weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago inthiscase justisused payattentiontothepositionofjust wecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions thatis weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce twice threetimes tomhasrungupthreetimesthismorning nowitisstillinthemorning tomrangupthreetimesthismorning nowitisnotstillinthemorning actionsoccurringinanincompleteperiodmightbeindicatedbytodayorthismorning afternoon evening week month year centuryorallday night week allthetime alwaysetc lookatthefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthemandthereasonswhytheyareused 1wehavestudiedenglishforaboutfiveyears webegantostudyitfiveyearsago 2theymovedtothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen 3ericlefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback 4justinhasbeenawayfromhomeforseveraldays hedisappearedlastfriday 5theyboughtthishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen 6mybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth thepresentperfecttenseandthepastsimpletense 1 youmypen yes iitonyourdeskjustnow see 2 youdinner yes iitwithmary have 3thepostmanyetthismorning didthepostmancomethismorning come 5ihimforalongtime hello i not youwerehereinnanjing howlonghaveyoubeenhere know haveseen saw havehad had havecome haveknown didn tknow thepresentperfecttenseisnormallyusedforanactionwhichlaststhroughoutanincompleteperiod butwiththepastsimpletense weusetimeexpressionswhichafixedpointinthepast c f wehaven tseenjustinforaweek heisstillmissing justindisappearedlastweek itmaymeanthatthisweekjustinishere hehassmokedsinceheleftschool hestillsmokes hesmokedforsixmonths itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen sometimes however theactionfinishesatthetimeofspeaking ithasbeenverycoldlatelybutit sjustbeginningtogetwarmer onmeetingsomeone youmaysay ihaven tseenyouforages butiseeyounow forapastactionwhosetimeisnotdefiniteandoftenhasaresultinthepresent 1tomhashadabadcarcrash he sprobablystillinhospitalnow tomhadabadcarcrash buthe sprobablyoutofhospitalnow 2thelifthasbrokendown wehavetousethestairs theliftbrokedown butit sprobablyworkingagainnow readthediaryentryandthencompleteitusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets 2 saw 3 hasvisited 4 loves 5 hasn tvisited 6 hasswum 7 hasnevermet 8 hasdived 9 hasfound 10 hasn tfound 11 has been presentperfectcontinuoustense theusesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense 1iforanhourandhestillhasn tturnedup wait 2i msosorryi mlate youlong wesometimesusethepresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandarestillcontinuing orhavejustfinishedbutarestillconnectedtothepresentinsomeway havebeenwaiting havebeenwaiting gooverpoints1and2onpage9 theformofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense weformthepresentperfectcontinuoustensewithhave hasbeenandthepresentparticipleoftheverb answers 2 havebeentalking 3 havebeentaking 4 havebeenwatching 5 haveseen 6 havebeenwriting presentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuoustense lijiahasreadabookaboutstonehenge lijiahasbeenreadingabookaboutstonehenge inthefirstsentence itmeanstheactionreadisn tstillcontinuing andlijiaknowswhatthebookisaboutnow butinthesecondsentence itmeanstheactionreadisstillcontinuing c f i vecleanedthehouse i vebeencleaningthehouse readpoint1onpage10 iegypttwicethismonth visit iegyptfortwomonths tour thepresentperfectcontinuoustensecan tbeusedwithtimeexpressionssuchastwiceorhowmanytimes becauseinthistensetheactioniscontinuous notstoppedandstartedagain wecanusethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensefornon stopactions havevisited havebeentouring howmanytimes howlong haveyouswuminthelake haveyoubeenswimminginthelake weusuallyusethepresentperfecttensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowmany much andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowlong howmanytimes howlong astateverboranactionverb ihavehadthiscameraforfiveyears stateverb ihavetakenphotosofufoswiththiscamera actionverb ihavebeentakingphotosofufoswiththiscamera actionverb anactionmeanssomethinghappeningorchanging astatemeanssomethingstayingthesame someexamplesofactionverbsaredo go andplay someexamplesofstateverbsarelike knowandexist astateverbdoesn tmeananaction soitcan tbeusedinacontinuoustense they vealwayshadabiggarden howlonghaveyouknowneachother he sbeeninhospitalsincehisaccident i venevervisitedparis i vealreadybeentoparis always never yet alreadyandevercan tbeusedinacontinuoustense ihavenotbeensleepingwellsinceireturnedhome i vebeenwaitingforanhour wecanuseforandsincewiththethepresentperfectcontinuoustense answersonpage11a 1 heard 2 beendoing 3 beenresearching 4 beendoing 5 started 6 done 7 read 8 found 9 started 10 beendoing 11 beenmaking sampleanswersb1hehasbeenwaitingatanundergroun