感官.使役.非谓语.动词1.5.doc

腾飞教育. 语法重点讲解感官动词的用法1. 感官动词：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等词，后接宾语，再接省略to的动词不定式或ing形式。前者表全过程，后者表动作的连续性、正在进行，句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。注释:省略to的动词不定式，to do是动词不定式，省略了to,剩下do，其形式和动词原形是一样的，但说法不同。 see sb do sth 看到某人做了某事 see sb doing sth 看到某人在做某事 hear sb do sth 听到某人做了某事 hear sb doing sth 听到某人在做某事 以此类推.I heard someone knocking at the door when I felt asleep. (当时正在敲门)I heard someone knock at the door three times. (敲门的全过程)I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. (此处有often)若以上词用于被动语态，须将省略的to还原：see sb do sth - sb be seen to do sthhear sb do sth - sb be seen to do sth 以此类推.We saw him go into the restaurant. He was seen to go into the restaurant.I hear the boy cry every day. The boy is heard to cry every day.2.感官动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为看/听/闻/尝/摸起来，除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。如： These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 He looks angry. The dishes taste delicious. The silk feels smooth. 注意：如果加介词like构成词组,则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：sound like 听起来像. look like 看起来像.That sounds like a good idea. He looks like his mother. Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。 It smells like a flower. It tastes like salt.3.如何判断look是实义动词还是感官动词？当look理解为看起来时,是感官动词,后接形容词.如：The naughty boys broke the window.The teacher looked angry.当look理解为看或者与其它词构成词组时,是实义动词,需要用副词修饰.如：The teacher looked anrily at the naughty boys.4、taste, smell作不及物动词时,可用于taste / smell + of +名词结构,意为有味道/气味。如:The air in the room smells of earth. 房间里的空气有股泥土味。 5、look, sound, feel还能构成look / sound / feel + as if +从句结构，意为看起来/听起来/感觉好像。 如：It looks as if our class is going to win. 看来我们班好像要获胜了。 使役动词1.使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有leave、get、keep、make(使,令), let(让), help(帮助), have(有，让，从事，允许，拿)等。 2.后接受词,再接原形不定词作受词补语，接宾语时，人称代词用宾格。如： He made me(宾格) laugh. I let him go. I helped him repair the car. Please have him come here.3.接过去分词作受词补语。 I have my hair cut every month. 我每个月理发。 4.使役动词的被动语态的受词补语用不定词,不用原形不定词。 (主)He made me laugh. (被)I was made to laugh by him. 使役动词有以下用法： a. have somebody do sth让某人去做某事 I had him arrange for a car. b. have somebody doing sth.让某人持续做某事。 He had us laughing all through lunch. 小议“使役动词”的用法 e.g: What would you have me do? e.g: The two cheats had the light burning all night long. e.g: you d better have your teeth pulled out. e.g: They made me repeat the story. e.g. The news made him happy. e.g: I cant get anyone to do the work properly. e.g: I must get my hair cut. e.g: We left him to paint the gate. e.g: Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. e.g:Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions 由上述知： 1. make /have/ let +sb +do sth. 让某人干某事2. get/set/have + sb to do/doing sth. 让某人或某事处于某种状态3. have /make / get +sth done. 让别人干某事不完全及物动词：是除要有受词外,还需要受词补语以补足其意义的及物动词。 构成的句型一般为:主词+不完全及物动词+受词+受词补语。 如：His mother named him Tommy. Tommy是受词补语,若没有这个字,这句话的意思就不完整,因此named是不完全及物动词。 非谓语动词一.定义：1.动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分，在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主/宾/表/状语.2.有三种形式：不定式(to do)，分词（现在分词doing、过去分词done），动名词 (doing)3.不受主语的人称和数的限制，否定式不用借助于助动词，直接在谓语动词前加not。He likes to sing. They like to sing.（一） to do 作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，如： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.= It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.u He wishes to go abroad to have a further study.u We have decided to give them a hand.u I want to watch TV.常用不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 作定语：I was the first woman to travel alone at the North pole.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：I visited him only to find him out.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：如：He has tried every means to save money改：wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.right：To save money, he has tried every means. （二）动名词：既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能，形式： （1）一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。（2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited（3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。（4） 完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。（5）否定式：not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。I prefer watching TV and playing computer games. 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent/keep /stop/protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to(期待，盼望), object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like(想做)（三）分词在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾补。现在分词和过去分词的区别1.语态上不同an exciting story /an excited person a moving film /a moved audience a leading cadre /an unknown hero a tiring journey /a tired football player2.时间关系上不同developing countries /developed countriesthe changing world /the changed worldboiling water /boiled waterthe falling leaves /the fallen leaves注意：1. to do 和 doing 作主语和表语用法相同。表示泛指意义的行为时多用动名词（也可用to do）但表示具体的行