Topic 01 Overhead Crane Travel 高空移动式起重机.doc

Topic 3: Overhead Travelling Cranes 高空移动式起重机 DID YOU KNOW? 你是否了解： The most common injuries from overhead travelling cranes are crushed fingers and fractured hands. 高空移动式起重机造成的最常见外害是手指粉碎性骨折以及胳膊断裂。 Hands and fingers are most likely to be injured when a person attempts to adjust a sling as it tightens on a load. Manually adjusting a sling as it tightens is an unsafe work practice. It should not be allowed under safe work procedures. 当操作员想去调节吊索紧固重物时，手和胳膊都最容易受伤。 Most overhead crane accidents are due to incorrect slinging procedures and unsafe lifting attachments. 大多数高空起重机上发生的事故都是因为使用不正确的吊拉程序及不安全的提升设备所造成的。DESIGNATED PLANT Overhead travelling cranes are defined as designated plant in the Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare Regulations 1988. This is a term for high hazard plant, and the following are required: 高空移式起重机在1988年的职业卫生，安全及福利条例中被定义为“特定设备”。此术语专用于具有高度危险性的设备，且对其有以下这些要求： the design of the crane must be accepted by the Department of Occupational Health, Safety and Welfare of WA 起重机的设计必须为WA的职业卫生，安全及福利部门的认可。 the crane must be inspected and tested before it can be used 起重机式用前必须经过检查和测试。 an approved record of information must be kept for the crane. The record must include: 必须保留起重机的批准资料记录。记录必须包括： technical data and conditions of use 技术参数及使用的条件。 unintended stoppages including reasons 停机及其原因 maintenance and repair details 维修及修理的详细情况。 alterations and additions to the crane 起重机部件的变更及增添情况。 inspections carried out by DOHSWA, the owner, the employer, or a competent person DOHSWA，业主，雇员，或主管人所进行的检查 the owners name and address 业主姓名，地址 as far as practicable, each operators name 尽可能实际地列出各操作人员名单 as far as practicable, instructions and training provided for operators. 尽可能实际地位操作人员提供须知及培训The following questions are to help toolbox meetings to identify workplace hazards and to reduce the risks. 以下问题将有助于在工具箱会议上识别工作环境的危险性并可降低风险。SAFE WORK PROCEDURES 安全工作程序Q Does your workplace have a daily checklist covering: 问：你工作场所是否有每日检查单，其必须包括： testing of brakes - both for hoisting and travelling? 是否都检查了提升部件及移式部件的制动装置？ testing of limit switches with no load on the hook? 监察限位开关，钩上不带重物 checking the pendant controller for correctness of travel motion - and comparing it with direction indicators? 监察控制器确保移动位置的准确性，并将其与说明书的指示器相比较。 testing the emergency stop switch function? 检查紧急开关是否正常？ ensuring the hook safety latch is operable? 确保挂钩安全闩操作正常。SLINGS AND LIFTING ATTACHMENTS 吊索及提升附件Q Do safe work procedures ensure the following safety steps for slings are ALWAYS carried out? 问：安全程序是否可确保执行了以下吊索的安全步骤？ determine the weight of the load to be lifted and ensure it is within the safe working load (SWL) of the crane? 先确定要起吊的重物的重量，确保其在起重机的安全工作载荷范围内。 select the right sling and attachments for the lift? 为起重机选择正确的吊具及附件 inspect each item of lifting equipment before attachment to the load? 在将附件挂到重物上之前，检查提升设备的各个部分。 balance the load to avoid overstress on any legs of the sling? 将重物放平衡，防止任何一角的吊索过载。 reduce the working load limit of chain slings if operation involves the movement of molten metals? 如操作过程中包括搬移铸造金属，减轻链索的工作载荷。 protect slings from damage by padding sharp edges with corner saddles or wooden blocks? 用护角或木块保护吊索不受尖角的破坏。 hook unused slings to the oblong link or sling rings? 将不用的吊索挂在方形铰链或吊环上。Q Do safe work procedures ensure the following unsafe slinging items and practices are NEVER used? 问：安全工作程序是否可杜绝使用以下不安全吊索及操作习惯？ steel wire rope slings that are kinked, worn, corroded or damaged? 扭结，破损，背腐蚀或破坏了的钢丝绳 fibre rope less than 12 mm diameter for slinging purposes? 提升用的直径小于12mm的纤维绳 chains dragged from under a load or across floors? 在重物地下或横穿地板拖拉的金属链。 chains dropped from a height? 从高空垂落的链条 bolts or shackles for joining or shortening chain? 用螺栓或紧扣连接或缩短的链条。 shortening a chain with knots? 打结缩短的索链。 chains with links worn more than 10%? 索链连接处磨损超过10%。 chains with elongated links? 延长连接的索链。 any slinging chain without the approved SWL tag attached? 任何未挂批准的SWL标牌的吊链 hammering a sling into place? 锤正的索链。CRANE OPERATION 起重机操作Q Are the following safe work procedures for cranes ALWAYS carried out? 问：以下起重机的安全工作程序是否时刻执行？ keeping hands and fingers away when slack is being taken out of a sling? everyone standing away from the load before the lift is made? 任何人在起吊重物之前要站立重物。 lifting devices fully seated in the saddle of the hook before the load is moved? 重物移动之前，提升设备是否完全固定安置在吊钩的支座上？ moving crane controls smoothly, and avoiding abrupt, jerky movements of the load? 移动的起重机是否控制平稳，避免重物被急啦。 ensuring the load is high enough to clear all objects in the path of travel? 确保重物的高度，使其予以冻土中所有的物体保持间距。 reducing the safe working load of the crane if lifting molten metals? 如果提升铸造金属，减轻安全工作载荷。Q Do safe work procedures ensure the following unsafe practices are NEVER used? 问：安全工作程序是否可确保杜绝使用以下不安全操作习惯？ operating the crane if the limit switches are out of order? 在限度开关不正常情况下操作起重机。 dragging a load? Always ensure the crane is centred directly above the load. 拖拉重物。始终确保起重机中心直接在重物上方。 carrying a load on the point of a hook, or inserting the point of the hook into a link of the chain? 将重物挂在吊钩点上，或将吊钩插入吊索。 raising loads higher than necessary to clear objects? 将重物提升至比所需高度稍高的位置，以便与其它物体保持间距 passing a load over people in the workplace, including the operator? 将重物在工作区人员，包括操作员的上方移动。 leaving a crane unattended while a load is suspended on the hook? 当重物挂在吊钩上时，起重机无人看管。MAINTENANCE 维修Q Before any repairs, adjustments or examinations are done on an overhead travelling crane: 问： 在作任何修理之前，是否对高空移动起重机进行了离调整或测试。 is a safe system of work established to protect those doing the work against the crane being moved or its power system being activated? 是否建立了安全工作体系以保证那些背对着起重机工作的人员让开，或其动力系统是否启动？ is there a permit to work system which includes locking out and tagging the isolation switches? 是否有“工作许可”制度，包括切断隔离开关及挂牌？ is there a safe means of access to the crane for maintenance workers? 维修人员是否有安全方式靠近起重机？ is the crane located at the out of service position during maintenance? 在维修期间，起重机是否停靠在“维修”点？Q Do safe procedures for maintenance ensure: 问：维修的安全程序是否可确保： operators do not carry items in their hands when going up and down ladders? 操作人员在上，下梯子时手里不拿任何物件。 items too large to go into pockets or belts are lifted or lowered by a rope? 太大无法放入口袋或皮带上时，是否用绳索提升或放下？ loose parts or tools are prevented from falling to the floor? 防止松散部件或工具坠落到地下。 the area below the working area is cleared and a barrier erected to prevent injury from falling objects? 工作区下方保持干净，并竖立屏障以防落物伤人。Maintenance of items other than the crane itself, such as building lighting or air conditioning ducting, may be carried out from the bridge of a crane, but only provided a secure working platform is fitted. TRAINING National training guidelines have been developed. They are contained in the publication Occupatio