高二英语直接引语和间接引语知识精讲(1).doc

高二英语直接引语和间接引语知识精讲 北师大版一. 本周教学内容： 直接引语和间接引语完全按照原句或原段逐字引述,被引述的部分叫做直接引语。间接引语是用引述人的语言把被引述的原话内容转述出来。引述时，原话中的人称代词、物主代词、动词时态以及指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等都要有相应的变化。（一）人称代词和物主代词的转变一般来说，间接引语的主述人是第三者向其他人转述，因此由直接引语变成间接引语时，人称代词和物主代词有下面的转变：直接引语间接引语Ihe/ sheMehim/ herwe theyusthemyouhe/ she/ they/ him/ her/ themmyhis/ herminehis/ hersourtheirourstheirsyourhis / theiryourshis/ theirs例如：He said, “I have lost my umbrella.”He said that he had lost his umbrella.She said, “The book on the table is mine.”She said the book on the table was hers. 但是，如果引述人不同或具体情况不同，人称代词和物主代词的转变也随之不同。“I know,” said Crawley, “but I love to hear you say it.” 1. Crawley answered that he knew, but he loved to hear me say it. 2. I (Crawley) answered that I knew but I loved to hear him/ her say it. 3. 第三者转述 a. 第三者转告其他人Crawley answered that he knew but he loved to hear him/ her say it. b. 第三者提醒听话者Crawley answered that he knew but he loved to hear you say it. c. 第三者复述给说话者You (Crawley) answered that you knew, but you loved to hear him/ her say it.（二）时态的转变 1. 主句的时态是过去时，直接引语的谓语动词按照时态一致的原则，在变成间接引语时做如下的变化：直接引语 间接引语现在一般时态 过去一般时态过去一般时态 过去完成时态将来一般时态 过去一般将来时态现在进行时态 过去进行时态过去进行时态 过去完成进行时态将来进行时态 过去将来进行时态现在完成时态 过去完成时态过去完成时态 过去完成时态 将来完成时态 过去将来完成时态 现在完成进行时态 过去完成进行时态 过去完成进行时态 过去完成进行时态 将来完成进行时态 过去将来完成进行时态 例如“I am afraid that arguments dont make a difference.”said he with a smile.He said with a smile that he was afraid that arguments didnt make a difference.So he said to me, “You dont know what you are talking about.”So he said to me I didnt know what I was talking about.“I did not suppose that you had done it on purpose.” she said.She said that she had not supposed that he had done it on purpose.“I have won the match already.” claimed my friend.My friend claimed that he had won the match already.I said，“I shall be there.”I said I should be there.2. 主句谓语动词虽然是过去时，但在下面情况中间接引语的谓语动词时态不变。a. 间接引语陈述的事实不受时间限制，或者表示的是习惯行为。 The students recited, “The Mississipi is the longest river in US.” The students recited the Mississipi is the longest river in US. Mrs Smith said to the students, “I read for half an hour before I go to bed every night.” Mrs Smith told the students that she reads for half an hour before she goes to bed every night.b. 直接引语的谓语动词是一般过去时态，如果带表示确定的过去时间状语或时间状语从句，变成间接引语时，谓语动词可用一般过去时态。 The article wrote, “In 1801, Napoleons troops in Egypt gave in to the British command.” The article wrote in 1801, Napoleons troops in Egypt gave in to the British command. “When I was young and made mistakes,” she said, “the foreman beat me; when I grew up, he did not but fined me.” She said that when she was young and made mistakes, the foreman beat her; when she grew up, he did not but fined her.（三）指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的转变直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthen/ at that momentagobeforetodaythat daytomorrowthe next day/ the following dayyesterdaythe day before/ the previous daylast week/monththe week/ month beforenext week/monththe next/ following week/ monthherethere例如：He said, “I want this one.”He said he wanted that one.She said, “She cant settle anything now.”She said that she couldnt settle anything then.Bob said, “Some students invited me to tea a few days ago.”Bob said that some students had invited him to tea a few days before.“I will marry you tomorrow.” she promised.She promised that she would marry me the next day.“I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday.” he shouted at me.He shouted at me that he had told me the day before and two days before. （四）直接引语转变成间接引语时要注意的几个问题 1、当直接引语是一般疑问句时，转换成间接引语时使用whether来引导，间接引语的语序要恢复陈述句的语序，同时注意人称代词以及时间和地点状语的转换。例如：She asked, “Is your father the man who is in black?”She asked whether your father was the man who was in black.Tom asked, “Will they help me if I turn to them?”Tom asked whether they would help him if he turned to them.2、当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，仍然使用特殊疑问词来引导，间接引语的语序恢复陈述句的语序，同时注意人称代词以及时间和地点状语的转换。例如：Mary asked me, “When will you start your party tonight?”Mary asked me when I would start my party this night.They wondered, “Who will be in charge of the company if the manager quits office?”They wondered who would be in charge of the company if the manager quitted office.3、当直接引语是祈使句时我们习惯于使用表示命令和请求的动词进行转换。例如： They said, “Dont touch the stone because it is easy to fall.” They told me not to touch the stone because it was easy to fall. They ordered, “Everyone should keep quiet.” They ordered everyone to keep quiet. He said to me, “Would you please help me with my case?” He asked me to help him with his case.【模拟试题】一. 将下面的直接引语转换成间接引语。 1. “Id do maths, Jo, if I were you.” Ms Jennings advised. 2. “Take a photo of the bank.” The journalist ordered the photographer. 3. “John and Laura, do the more difficult exercises.” The teacher said. 4. “Give the video to your sister, please.” Peter asked. 5. “Dont tell your grandmother yet.” The doctor advised. 6. “Its an interesting job.” Jim said. 7. “Where are we going?” Asked Peters friend. 8. “I really cant answer this question.” Replied Mr. Jones. 9. He asked, “Do you know who will win the game?” 10. She wondered, “Who is it that solved this tough problem?” 11. He said, “I didnt notice her when she came into my room yesterday.” 12. He claimed, “I admit Edison is one of the greatest inventors in the world.”二. 根据提示完成下面的句子。1. 汤姆问莎莉能否接管这件事情。Tom asked Sally_.2. 我们要确定王东是否编造了这个故事。We had to make sure_.3. 会议组织者说由于时间关系就不再详细解释这件事情了。The organizer of the meeting said_.4. 小李决定尽一切努力赶上班里的其他同学。Xiao Li determined_.5. 老板说：“我们必须准备第二套方案，以防第一套方案失败。”Our boss said_.参考答案一、1. Ms Jennings advised that shed do maths if she were Jo.2. The journalist ordered the photographer to take a photo of the bank.3. The teacher told John and Laura to do the more difficult exercises.4. Peter asked me to give the video to my sister.5. The doctor advised us not to tell our grandmother.6. Jim said it was an interesting job.7. Peters friend asked where they were going.8. Mr. Jones replied he really couldnt answer that question.9. He asked if/ whether