哈佛大学公开课程-幸福课1504ppt-04Focu.ppt

AQuestionofFocus Itappearsthatthewaypeopleperceivetheworldismuchmoreimportanttohappinessthanobjectivecircumstances EdDiener EmotionsdeterminedbyexternalandinternalChoiceoffocus Tothedifferentminds thesameworldisahell andaheaven RalphWaldoEmerson Nothingisgoodorbadbutthinkingmakesitso WilliamShakespeare Weseewhatwelookforandwemissmuchofwhatwearenotlookingforeventhoughitisthere Ourexperienceoftheworldisheavilyinfluencedbywhereweplaceourattention StavrosandTorres TwoArchetypes TheFaultFinder Thefault finderwillfindfaultseveninparadise HenryDavidThoreauCouldleadtoresignationTheMerit finderCouldleadtodetachmentTheneedtorespectreality Theinvariablemarkofwisdomistoseethemiraculousinthecommon RalphWaldoEmerson WeCo CreateOurReality Nowhoweverfixedtheseelementsofrealitymaybe westillhaveacertainfreedominourdealingswiththem Takeoursensations Thattheyareisundoubtedlybeyondourcontrol butwhichweattendto note andmakeemphaticinourconclusionsdependsonourowninterests and accordingaswelaytheemphasishereorthere quitedifferentformulationsoftruthresult Wereadthesamefactsdifferently Waterloo withthesamefixeddetails spellsa victory foranenglishman forafrenchmanitspellsa defeat So foranoptimistphilosophertheuniversespellsvictory forapessimist defeat Whatwesayaboutrealitythusdependsontheperspectiveintowhichwethrowit WilliamJames WeCo CreateOurReality Isn titstrangehowprincesandkings andclownsthatcaperinsawdustrings andcommonpeople likeyouandme arebuildersforeternity Eachisgivenalistofrules ashapelessmass abagoftools Andeachmustfashion erelifeisflown Astumblingblock oraStepping Stone JamesD Sutton AMatterofInterpretation Neverletagoodcrisisgotowaste AnneHarbison Thingsdon tnecessarilyhappenforthebest butsomepeopleareabletomakethebestofthingsthathappen AMatterofInterpretation Apessimistseesthedifficultyineveryopportunity anoptimistseestheopportunityineverydifficulty WinstonChurchill TheTenCognitiveDistortions DavidBurns 1 All or nothingthinking2 Over generalization3 Mentalfilter4 Disqualifyingthepositive5 JumpingtoconclusionsMindreadingFortunetelling6 Magnifyingorminimizing7 Emotionalreasoning8 Should or must statements9 Labeling10 Personalizationandblame AQuestionofInterpretation Theworldaccordingtothefault finderThe same worldaccordingtothemerit finder TheMeritsofBeingaMeritFinder Well being Thompson 1985 HealthAfflecketal 1987 Bower 1988 King Miner 2000 Longevity TheNunStudy Danneretal 2001 Onlypositivefeelingspredictedlongevity Godstartedmylifeoffwellbybestowinguponmegraceofinestimablevalue ThepastyearwhichIspentasacandidatestudyingatNotreDamehasbeenaveryhappyone NowIlookforwardwitheagerjoytoreceivingtheHolyHabitofOurLadyandtoalifeofunionwithLoveDivine CeliaO Payne IwasbornonSeptember26 1909 theeldestofsevenchildren fivegirlsandtwoboys Mycandidateyearwasspentinthemother house teachingchemistryandsecondyearLatinatNotreDameInstitute WithGod sgrace IintendtodomybestforourOrder forthespreadofreligionandformypersonalsanctification MargueriteDonnelly TheNunStudy Danneretal 2001 OnlypositivefeelingspredictedlongevityAge85 90 ofmostcheerfulquartilealive 34 ofleastcheerfulquartilealive Age94 54 ofmostcheerfulquartilealive 11 ofleastcheerfulquartilealive GetReal Theworldaccordingtothemedia GetReal TheworldaccordingtothemediaMediabiasmagnifyingglassratherthanlookingglassaccentuatingthenegativeunder representingthepositive GetReal TheworldaccordingtothemediaMediabiasmagnifyingglassratherthanlookingglassaccentuatingthenegativeunder representingthepositiveWhoisreallydetached Focusingonthe90 fullpartoftheglassFocuscreatesreality CorrectingtheFalseSchema News CorrectingtheFalseSchema Art JanVermeer CorrectingtheFalseSchema Art LudwigvanBeethoven CorrectingtheFalseSchema Art CorrectingtheFalseSchema Art DavidKnowles SandraJ Shaw CorrectingtheFalseSchema Studies Adaptation WearechangedetectorsChangedetectionhelpfulincaseofdangerAdaptationhelpstoovercomedifficultiesTakingthingsforgrantedEatingthecakeandleavingitwhole Mustthingsgetworsebeforewerecognizehowwonderfulourlivesare LearningtobeGrateful Yousaygracebeforemeals Allright ButIsaygracebeforetheconcertandtheopera andgracebeforetheplayandpantomime andgracebeforeIopenabook andgracebeforesketching painting swimming fencing boxing walking playing dancing andgracebeforeIdipthepenintheink Gratitudeproducedthemostpurelyjoyfulmomentsthathavebeenknowntoman G K Chesterton Whynotstartbysurveyingatypicalday Whatisityoutendtotacklewithspontaneousmindfulness sothatwithoutaneffortyourwholeheartisinit Maybeit sthatfirstcupofcoffeeinthemorning thewayitwarmsyouandwakesyouup ortakingyourdogforawalk orgivingalittlechildapiggybackride Itis amatterofpractice ofdoingitoverandoveragain tillitbecomessecondnature Gratefulnessisthemeasureofouraliveness Arewenotdeadtowhateverwetakeforgranted Surelytobenumbistobedead ResearchonGratitude EmmonsandMcCullough 2002 Fourgroups gratitude hassles superior controlPsychologicalandhealthbenefitsPhysiologicalbenefits McCraty Childre2004 BenefitsoftraitgratefulnessMaintainingfreshnessthroughmindfulfocus TryIt Becomingamerit finder21daysoryourmoneybackVisualizeit feelitChippingawaynegativityThanksforremindingme CelebratingThanksgiving365DaysaYear Weliveina given world Whatbringsfulfillmentisgratefulness thesimpleresponseofourhearttothisgivenlifeinallitsfullness BrotherDavidSteindl Rast Toliveanddieingratefulness ifinnoothervirtue GalwayKinnel Gratitudeisnotonlythegreatestofvirtues buttheparentofallothers Cicero Iwonderedhowitwaspossibletowalkforanhourthroughthewoodsandseenothingofnote Iwhocannotseefindhundredsofthings thedelicatesymmetryofaleaf thesmoothskinofasilverbirch therough shaggybarkofapine Iwhoamblindcangiveonehinttothosewhosee useyoureyesasiftomorrowyouwillhavebeenstrickenblind Hearthemusicofvoices thesongsofabird themightystrainsofanorchestraasifyouwouldbestrickendeaftomorrow Toucheachobjectasiftomorrowyourtactilesensewouldfail Smelltheperfumeofflowers tastewithrelisheachmorsel asiftomorrowyoucouldnevertasteorsmellagain Makethemostofeverysense Gloryinallthefacetsandpleasuresandbeautywhichtheworldrevealstoyou HellenKeller FinalProject 20 30minutePresentationAnytopicwithinpositivepsychologyWrittentext 10 15pagesdoublespaced Sl