交通工程专业英语重点翻译.doc

Finally, problems caused by dwindling world energy resources, particularly petroleum, have increasingly impeded transport services and operations. Most existing transport modes are critically dependent on petroleum derivatives for proper functioning. With unabated growth of demand for transport and a progressively limited supply of energy, the costs of providing transport have increased steadily. In particular, the disproportion of petroleum requirements and petroleum supply has caused serious inflationary problems to arise in many countries. Especially hard hit are countries with a partial or total dependence on an external petroleum supply, which have experienced growing deficits in their current accounts.最后，这些问题引起世界能源资源的日益减少，特别是石油，已越来越多地阻碍交通服务和操作。大多数现有的运输方式都是以依赖石油衍生品才能正常运转。随着需求量的增长与不衰减得运输和能源供应的有限，逐步提供运输的成本已经稳步增加。特别是，石油需求和石油供应不均衡造成了严重的通货膨胀问题出现在许多国家。尤其沉重的打击与对外部石油供应，其中也经历了他们的经常帐赤字增长部分或完全依赖国家。The transport sector s increasing inability to satisfy demand efficiently and equitably is a problem with which all nations have to cope in trying to advance economic and social progress. Energy-supply constraints, high capital and operating costs, often with excessive foreign-exchange components, and the seriousness of transport-related environmental pollution account in large part for this problem. But transport is and will continue to be an essential requirement for world development and human welfare. There is no other choice but to look for alternatives to present transport systems or to modify the technical and operational characteristics of related modes so that energy consumption and costs wil1 be reduced and environmental impacts can be kept at a minimum. Obviously, the development of transport demand will have to be controlled.运输部门的增加无法满足有效且公平需求的问题，这是一个所有国家必须应对努力促进经济和社会进步。能源供应的限制，高额的资本和运营成本，往往与外汇组件以及与运输有关的环境污染的很大一部分用于这个严重性的问题。但运输是并将继续是世界发展和人类福利的基本要求。没有任何其他选择，只能寻求替代或修改目前的运输系统，使能源消耗和成本永存相关的技术和业务模式的特点是减少对环境的影响，可以保持在最低水平。显然，交通需求的发展将被控制。Again，transport provided the mobility required for such intertribal, international，and finally intercontinental cultural exchange and trade而且交通提供了诸如部落间、国际间乃至于洲际间便利的贸易和文化交流。When the ITS program in the U.S. was first conceived by Mobility 2000 more than 10 years ago, I had four primary functional areas: advanced traffic management systems, advanced traveler information systems, commercial vehicle operations and advanced vehicle control systems. In the decade since then, the majority of the attention of the ITS community in general has been focused on ATMS and ATIS, while the definition of AVCS has been expanded to AVCSS with the addition of and Safety to accommodate safety warning systems that are not actually control systems.当10多年前，ITS计划在美国由MOBILITY 2000这个民间组织提出时，它包括四个基本领域：先进的交通管理系统，先进的旅行者信息系统，商业车辆运行系统和先进的车辆控制系统。从那时起20年中，ITS研究机构的主要研究重点放在了ATMS和ATIS上，而AVCS的定义已经扩展到增加了“安全”的AVCSS，它包括了安全预警系统，这套系统不是实际的控制系统。There is a tendency in many quarters to assume that the shape and resource allocations of the U.S. DoT ITS program reflect or maybe even determine the scope of all ITS activities within the U.S. This assumption is particularly misleading in the case of AVCSS, where the large majority of the activity occurs within the vehicle manufacturing and supplying industries and the most advanced thinking happens within the state DoTs rather than the U.S. DoT. The investments that industry has made in researching and developing AVCSS products far exceed the investments by the government.在许多方面都存在这样一种倾向，就是假设美国国家运输部ITS计划的状态和资源配置情况反映，甚至是决定了美国的ITS活动范围。该假设在AVCSS中特别容易被误解，因为车辆控制与安全系统中的大多数行动都在车辆制造业和供应业中完成，大部分先进的设计思想都产生于各州的运输部门，而并非美国运输部。企业在研究和开发AVCSS产品方面的投资大大超过了政府的投资。This project has considered concepts for both passive and active tagging of vehicles and roadside objects so that they can be more clearly identifiable by automotive radars, as well as technologies such as modulation of infrared LED taillights for vehicle-vehicle communications and fluorescent paint striping on road surfaces to facilitate discrimination of lane position information.这项计划考虑了车辆和路边物体的主动与被动“跟驰”的概念，所以它们可以更加清楚地被车载雷达所识别，也采用了诸如下述技术：调制红外液晶显示尾灯以便于车辆间相互提醒；在道路表面施画荧光涂料的标线以便于辨别车道位置信息。After defining important terms used in urban transit, the paper surveys the physical characteristics of such systems (right-of-way, vehicles, routes, stops, and performance), operational procedures, and the economic and management aspects that define the capability of transit and its contribution to urban mobility.在定义城市轨道交通中所使用的重要术语之后，本文概述了交通系统的物理特性（道路用地、车辆、路线、车站、运营）、运营过程以及对城市轨道交通运输能力起决定性作用的经济和管理方面It is therefore often appropriate to separate the impact of a transport improvement into its effect on different interest groups, in addition to its effect on different income groups.因此。除了影响不同的收入阶层外，通常将交通改善的影响还按其对不同的利益阶层的影响来加以区分。One way to bridge gaps between community viewpoints and the planners technical processes is to set up an interlocking set of guiders that proceed from the general to the particular.一种将公众观点与规划者的技术过程相衔接的办法是建立一套相互关联的由一般到特殊的指导方针Ideal conditions for uninterrupted flow facilities include the following: lane widths of 12ft; clearance of 6ft between the edge of the travel lanes and the nearest obstructions or objects at the roadside and in the median; design speed of 70mph for multilane highways, 60mph for two-lane highways; only passenger cars in the traffic stream; level terrain.非间断流设施的理想条件包括：车道宽12英尺，路边或中央分隔带上障碍物距行车道边缘宽6英尺，多车道公路设计车速为70英里/小时，双车道公路设计车速为60英里/小时，交通流中全部为小客车，平原地形。Altho