初中英语语法梳理和提高19宾语从句解 试题.doc

专题二：从句宋老师英语辅导资料我一定努力学习！ 一、宾语从句1在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2 宾语从句的引导词有三类：(1)以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句， that可以省略。eg, The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2)以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why 等引导的宾语从句，从句是陈述语序eg, Could you tell me whats the matter with u?I want to know how soon it will begin.(3)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .3宾语从句的时态(1)当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。 eg, I want to know what time he got up this morning.You are telling me that you wont stop until tomorrow?(2)当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用于过去有关的时态。eg,They asked what Jean was doing now . Linda said that the train had left.(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound. Polly said no news is a good news注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。1.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用ifeg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic.2.引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not?3.if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.eg, You cant work the plan out if you dont have the meeting .例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1.The teacher asked the students _.A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein bornC. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意为如果.应选A2.Could you tell me _ ?A.what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with youC. hats the matter with you D. whats the wrong with you .解析：what 就是从句的主语，whats the matter with you 本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的请求，并是一般过去式，可删去答案B; wrong 前不用加the, 因此此题选 C.3.He asked me _ I could sing the song My Heart will Go On. A. if B. weather C.what D. that解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词， 故删去D；weather 意为天气，根据句意应选A.4.Our teacher told us that the moon _ round the earth. A. went B. turned C.go D. turns解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。 应选 D5. It makes no difference _.A.whether will you come tomorrow.B.Whether or not will be pass the examC.If he will come to the meeting or notD.Whether he will come to the meeting or not解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if 不能与 not 连用。因此此题选D6. They dont know _ their parents are. A.that B. what C. why D. which解析：what 表示职业， 因此选B.7. I am sure _ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who解析：根据句意应用what , 做said 的内容， 你所说的话。应选A.8. The old man told us _ and _. A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do it C. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do解析： 疑问词what 即连接不定式，又做 do 的宾语； 而在how 引导的不定式短语中， how 表示方式， do 为及物动词， 因此需接宾语才正确应选C1.-Do you know when the World Cup _ next week? - Next Friday. When it _, I will ring you. A. begins, begins B. begins, will begin C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins2.- Today or tomorrow? - What are you talking about? - We are talking about _ to give a talk on WTO. A. how B. where C. when D. what3. I wonder _. A. where does he live B. where he live C. he lives where D. where he lives4. - Are you sure you have to ? Its been very late. - I dont know _ I can do it if not now. A. where B. why C. when D. how5. -Would you please tell me _? - In a small village near Niingbo. A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born6. The photograph will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like7. - Can you guess if they _ to play basketball with us? - I think theyll come if they _ free. A.will come, will be B. will come, are C. come, are D. come, will be8. -Where does he come from ? - Pardon? - I asked where_. A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from9. She wondered _. A. how much he cost the computer B. how much he paid for the computer C. how much the computer will cost him D. how much did he spend on the computer10. -Do you know _? - Im not sure. Maybe he is a businessman. A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do 1-5 DCDCB 6-10 BBBBA二、定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词。 定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、 which、 whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词， 在定语从句中担当某一成份。关系代词和关系副词的作用：先行词指物时， 关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。如：China is a country which / that has a large population.The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.先行词指人时， 关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。 如：The man who is mending the machine has been retired.This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.I like the girl whose mother is an actor.注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或 who。先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。如：I didnt understand the words all that he said. 2先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .行词既包括人，也包括物。如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：who is the man that opened up the lab.1、He is a friend _ can help you in time of need.A. who he B. whose C. / D. who2、The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, that3、This is the only one of these books that _worth reading.Ahas B. have C. is D. are4、The man _ talked to you just now is my father.A. who B. he C. which D. whose5、They thought too much about _.A. which I had said B. what I had saidC. that I had said D. I had said练习与巩固：一、选择最佳答案填空：1Did you find the notebook _ Jim had given me for my birthday?A. who B. whom C. which D. whose2. Thats all _ I have seen and heard. A. which B. that C. where D. what3. Have you seen the man _ plan we were talking about _ yesterday ? A. who, them B. its, them C. whose,/ D. whose, them4.The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far. A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been5. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. that B. as C. who D. which6. The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which7. _ cleans the classroom can go home first. A. Anyone B. those whoo C. However D. The one who8. The police caught the man _ stole my handbag. A. he B. that C. whom D. which9. The girl _ is reading under the tree _ my sister. A. which, is B. whom, was C. who , is D. who, was10. George Mallory was an English teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which1-5 CDCBA 6-10 BDBCA三、状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。时间when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before条件If, unless原因As, because, since地点Where目的So that, in order that结果So that, sothat, suchthat让步though, although, even if, however方式As比较than, (not)asas,时间状语从句：Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。条件状语从句：As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着， 我就要学习。原因状语从句：Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。地点状语从句：Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。目的状语从句：Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。结果状语从句：He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他气得说不出话了。让步状语从句：Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。方式状语从句：Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。比较状语从句：The work isnt as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！易混引导词while, when, as的区别：when既可以指时间点,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指时间段，与延续性动词连用（=while）。如：When he came in, his mother was cooking.When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.As与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有随着或一边一边之意。如：As you get older, you get more knowledge.随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。2Because,as,since 的区别：Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；As用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成由于；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成既然。如：Water is very important because we cant live without it.He didnt come yesterday as his mother was ill.Ill do it for you since you are busy.3suchthat, sothat, so that 引导结果状语从句的区别：such是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下：1) such + a (n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+that2) such+形容词+复数可数名词+that 3) such +形容词+不可数名词+that。如：This was such a good film that I went to see it several times.It was such good books that they sell well.It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.=He is so lovely a boy that we all like him.注：在形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词结构中，当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时，名词前用so。如：She made so many mistakes that she didnt pass the exam.练习与巩固：选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。1.Jim spends a lot of money on books_he is not rich.2.Kate fell into sleep _she was listening to the music.3.-Is David at school today? -No. He is at home _he has a bad cold.4.We wont have supper