2015高考要掌握的所有“介词”和“介词短语”下.doc

35、through 【原始含义】“穿过，穿越” 【引申含义】 prep （1）通过、穿过 from one end or side of sth /sb to the other eg: He walked through the door. （2）贯穿一段时间 from the beginning to the end eg: It keeps raining through April. （3）经历，经受（困难，考验） past a barrier, test eg: He has gone through the whole event. （4）通过某种途径 by means of eg: The American people won their freedom through struggle. （5）由于., 因.关系 as a result of eg: The accident happened through his carelessness. adv（1） 从一端到另一端，通过 from one side to the other Eg: The flood was too deep to drive throuth. （2） 自始至终 from beginning to the end Eg: Dont tell me how the story ends-I havent read it all the way through yet. （3） 接通 connected by telephone Eg: I tried to call you, but couldnt get through. 【常见搭配】作介词时：一动词+（through+名词） (1) break (through sth) 突围，突破. (2) come (through sth) 从.中脱险 (3) cut (through sth)穿过，穿透.; 冲破，克服. (4) drag (through sth)缓慢穿越，慢慢通过（某障碍） (5) drive ( through sth)驱车穿越. (6) drop ( through sth)没能完成. (7) get ( through sth/sb) 通过., 完成.；电话联系上某人，使某人理解 (8) go ( through sth) 通过.;搜查.;复习.(9) put ( through sth) 完成，执行.; 通过.(10) live ( through sth) 度过，经受住.(11) look ( through sth) 浏览.；详尽检查.(12) see ( through sth) 看穿，识破(13) pull sb through 使.克服困难 ; 度过危机(14) bring sb (through sth) 使某人脱离.(15) carry (through sth) 实现., 坚持下去.(16) check (through sth) 查看，校阅.(17) follow ( through sth) 将.贯彻到底(18) look ( through sth) 检查，浏览.(22) run ( through sth) 回顾，总结.;刺过.;挥霍.(20) smile ( through sth) 笑对.(22) think ( through sth) 彻底全面地考虑.(23) walk sb through 帮.排练作副词时：二名词+动词+through (1) sth come through.传来，传到(2) sb/sth fall through.失败，落空 36、throughout 【原始含义】through+out“全部包括” 【引申含义】 （1）在整个.地区 in or into every part of sth eg: The good news has spread throughout the country. （2）在整个.时间 during the whole period of time of sth eg: He has been feeling bad throughout the day.37、to 【原始含义】“去、到，强调目的、方向” 【引申含义】：prep. (1)“到”某个位置、方向 in the direction of sth; towards sth eg: go to school (2)“到”某个时间、数目 the end or limit of a range or period of time eg: Dont leave things to the last moment. (3)“到”某个状态 reaching a particular state eg: The music can put you to sleep in a short while. (4)“对着”某个对象 the person or thing that receives sth eg: Dont yell to me. (5)“对于”某个对象 the person or thing that is affected by an action eg: It is important to me.【常见搭配】一、动词+（to+名词）(1) add (to sth) 增添，增加.(2) amount (to sth) 总数达. (3) answer (to sth) 对.做出反应 (4) apologize (to sb) (for sth) 因某事向某人道歉 (5) appeal (to sb) 恳求.; 吸引. (6) apply (to sb) （规章、制度等）适用于. (7) aspire (to sth) 渴望，追求. (8) attend (to sb) 照看. (9) awake (to sth) 觉醒，意识到. (10) belong (to sb/sth) 属于.(11) cling (to sb/sth) 紧紧抓住.; 坚持. (12) come (to sth/sb) 涉及某事; 某人突然想起. (13) contribute (to sth) 有助于. (14) correspond (to sth) 与.相符 (15) happen (to sb) .发生在某人身 (16) lead (to sth) 导致.(17) object (to sth) 反对. (18) occur (to sb) (主意，想法等)出现在某人的脑海 (19) point (to sb/sth) 指向，针对. (20) refer (to sb/sth) 提到，涉及.; 查阅. (21) reply (to sth) 回复. (22) respond (to sth) 对.做出反应 (23) return (to sth) 回到. (24) run (to sth) 达到. (25) see (to sb/sth) 照看 (26) stick (to sth) 坚持，坚守. (27) yield (to sb/sth) 顺从，屈服于. (28) turn (to sb/sth) 向.求助 (29) turn a deaf ear (to sth) 对.充耳不闻 (30) turn a blind eye (to sth) 对.视而不见 (31) attach A (to B) 将A连接到B；将A赋予B (32) prefer A (to B) 相比B更喜欢A(33) owe A (to B) 把A归因于B(34) draw sbs attention (to sth) 使某人注意到.(35) pay attention (to sb/sth) 注意.(36) do good/harm (to sb) 对某人有益/有害(37) do damage (to sb/sth) 对.造成损害(38) do justice (to sb/sth) 公平对待.(39) fall victim (to sth) 成为.的受害者(40) get/have access (to sb/sth) 有机会接近.(41) get down (to sth) 开始认真做.(42) give birth (to sth)产生，孕育.(43) give rise (to sth) 引起，导致.(44) give way (to sth) 屈服于.(45) give place (to sth) 让位于，被所替代(46) help oneself (to sth) 未经许可自取.(47) hold fast (to sth) 坚持.(48) introduce A (to B) 把A 介绍给B(49) look forward (to sth) 期待.(50) pay a visit (to sb) 拜访.(51) drive sb (to despair)/(to desperation)逼得.走投无路(52) reduce sb (to silence)/(to tears) 使.静默；使.流泪 二、be+形容词+（to+名词）(1) get/become/be used (to sth/doing sth) 习惯于.(2) be accustomed/adapted/adjusted (to sth/doing sth) 适应了.;习惯于.(3) be accessible (to sb/sth) 可接近.; 可用.(4) be addicted (to sth/doing sth) 沉迷于.(5) be alert (to sb/sth) 对.警觉(6) be allergic (to sth) 对.过敏(7) be awake (to sth)对.觉察到，意识到(8) be beneficial (to sb/sth) 对.有益处(9) be blind (to sth) 对.视而不见，一无所知(10) be close (to sb/sth) 接近，靠近.(11) be committed/devoted/dedicated (to sth/doing sth ) 献身于.(12) be contrary (to sth) 违反，反对.(13) be deaf (to sth) 对.听不进(14) be dear (to sb) 对.珍贵的(15) be due (to sth) 由于.(16) be engaged (to sb) 与.订婚(17) be equal (to sth) 等于.; 能胜任.(18) be essential (to sb/sth) 对.必不可少的(19) be fair (to sb) 对.是公平的(20) be faithful/loyal (to sb/sth) 对.忠诚(21) be familiar (to sb) 为.熟知(22) be given (to sth) 有.倾向(23) be inferior (to sb/sth) 低于.; 次于.(24) be superior (to sb/sth) 高于.; 优于.(25) be invaluable (to sb) 对.的价值极宝贵(26) be invisible (to sth) 对.是看不见的(27) be irresistible (to sb) 对.是不可抗拒的(28) be married (to sb) 与.结婚(29) be harmful (to sb/sth) 对.有害(30) be merciful/sympathetic (to sb) 对.怜悯(31) be native (to sth)原产于.(32) be obliged (to sb) (for sth) 因某事感谢某人(33) be opposed (to sb/sth)反对.(34) be opposite (to sth) 与.相对(35) be peculiar (to sb/sth) 为.所独有(36) be prior to (sb/sth) 比.重要(37) be polite (to sb) 对.礼貌(38) be related (to sb) 与.有血亲/婚姻关系(39) be relative (to sb/sth) 有关.; 涉及.(40) be responsible (to sb/sth) 对.负责(41) be sensitive (to sth) 对.敏感(42) be similar (to sb/sth)与.相似 三、to+名词(1) (to ones joy/delight) 令.高兴的是(2) (to ones surprise) 令.惊喜，惊奇的是(3) (to ones sorrow) 令.悲伤的是(4) (to ones shame)令.惭愧的是 (5) (to ones advantage/disadvantage) 对.有利/不利的是 (6) (to ones embarrassment) 令.窘迫的是 (7) (to ones horror)令.恐惧的是(8) (to some degree) 有点，稍微，到某种程度 (9) (to the point)中肯，扼要，到点子上(10) (to ones taste)合.的口味38、toward(s) 【原始含义】to+ward“方向、趋势” 【引申含义】：prep. (1) 表示动作的方向 in the direction of sb/sth eg: He ran toward to horizon. (2) 对于 in relation to sb/sth eg: She has a mixed feeling towards him. (3) 朝向., 快要达到. eg: They arrived at the airport towards four oclock. 【常见搭配】一、动词+（towards+名词）(1) advance (towards sth) 向.推进(2) incline/tend (towards sth) 倾向于，易于.(3) work (towards sth/doing sth) 努力达到. 二. 名词+（towards+名词） (1) affection (towards sth) 对.的喜爱 (2) attitude (towards sth) 对.的态度 (3) contribution (towards sth)对.的贡献 (4) preference (towards sth) 对.的优待，优惠 (5) tendency/trend (towards sth) .的趋势 39、under 【原始含义】“在.正下方”prep. 【引申含义】 (1) 在某物之下 below eg: The dog likes sitting under the table. (2) 低于 less than eg: Its population is under 2000. (3) 受.支配 who or what controls eg: We will be very happy to work under his leadership. (4) 在某一情况的控制下，在.过程中 eg: The road is under repair. Under no circumstance should you do that. 【常见搭配】一、 动词+（under+名词）(2) fall (under sth) 归入，列为.；受.领导(3) get (under sth)隐藏在.下；控制，镇压.(4) get (under sbs skin) 惹恼某人(5) hold (under sb/sth) 控制，统治.(6) keep (under sb/sth) 使.镇静；统治，控制.(7) keep sb (under observation)严密监视.(8) live (under sb/sth) 经历.的统治二、under +名词(1) (undercontrol)被控制住(2) (underdiscussion/dispute) 在讨论中/在争议中(3) (underpressure)在压力下(4) (underrepair)在修理中(5) (underexamination) 在检查中(6) (underconstruction)在建设中 (7) (underconsideration)在考虑中(8) (underinvestigation)在调查中(9) (underdevelopment)在发展中(10) (underprocess)在过程中(11) (underthesun)在世界上，任何地方;究竟(12) (underway)进行中,在行进(13) (underfire)遭到炮火射击,受到攻击(14) (underthecircumstances) 在这种情况下,因为这种情况(15) (undernocircumstances) 决不，在任何情况下都不(16) (underonesguidance)在指导下 (17) (under age) 未成年的；未达到规定年龄的 (18) (under the mask of sth) 借.的名义 (19) (under suspicion) 受怀疑，涉嫌(20) under the illusion/impression that +句子 误以为.;原以为.;错以为. 40、until/till 【原始含义】 “某人或某物从一个过程中走到一个固定的点” up to the point in time or the point mentioned eg: I shall go on working until next week. In any case, its better to wait until tomorrow.【常见搭配】一、until的搭配not. until. 直到.才. eg: He didnt go to bed until his mother came back. I didnt realize he is Chinese until he spoke. 41、up 【原始含义】 “向上,从一个起点循序渐进地增加的过程”（动态） 【引申含义】 prep. （1）向.上面，由.向上to or in a higher place somewhere eg: He ran up the hill. （2）沿着马路、沿着河 along a road or river eg: He lived up the river. We walked together up the garden path. （3）抽象意义上的向上，朝积极方向发展 develop towards a positive direction eg: Cheer yourself up! Its nothing of a big deal. adv. （1） 向上，在上面 towards or in a higher positionEg: He jumped up from the chair. （2） 加大，增高 at a higer levelEg: Prices are going up. （3） 向北方Eg: They have moved up north. （4） 完全地，彻底地 completelyEg: The river has dried up. （5） 结束，关闭 Eg: I have some work to finish up.（6） 发生，出现Eg: Whats up? 【常见搭配】作副词时：1、 动词+（up+名词）(1) add (up sth) 加起来.(2) back (up sb/sth) 支持.(3) blow (up sb/sth) 夸张，夸大.(4) break (up sth/sb) 使.破碎，使.崩溃，毁掉.(5) bring (up sb) 抚养.(6) brighten (up sth) 使.明亮/活跃(7) build (up sth) 积累.; 加强.(8) burn (up sth) 烧掉，焚毁.(9) call (up sb) 召唤，动员.(10) catch (up sth) 迅速抓起.; 采纳.(11) cheer (up sb/sth) 使.振奋(12) cover (up sth) 掩饰，包庇.(13) dig (up sth) 挖出.(14) do (up sth) 捆扎.; 重新装饰.(15) dry (up sth)（使）枯竭；（使）干涸(16) eat (up sth) 吃光，耗尽.(17) fill (up sth)填满，装满.; 弥补，填补.(18) fix (up sth) 安排，安顿，照应.(19) fold (up sth) 折叠.(20) follow (up sth) 追究，追查.(21) heat (up sth )（使.)变热(22) hold (up sth) 耽搁，阻止.(23) keep (up sth) 使.保持良好状态，继续实行.(24) lift (up sth/sb) 举起，提起.; 使.振奋(25) light (up sth) 照亮.(26) look (up sth) 查阅.(27) make (up sth) 打扮.; 编造.弥补. (28) mess (up sth) 弄乱.(29) open (up sth) 开发，开辟.(30) pack (up sth) 把.收起来放好(31) pick (up sth)捡起.; 偶尔学会.(32) polish (up sth) 擦亮.; 改善.(33) put (up sth) 举起.; 搭建.; 提出.(34) quicken (up sth) 加速.(35) set (up sth) 竖起.; 建立. （机构等）(36) start (up sth)创办.(37) sum (up sth) 总结.(38) take (up sth)举起，拿起.; 开始做.; 占据.(39) tear (up sth) 撕毁，撕破.(40) turn (up sth) 开大.的音量(41) use (up sth) 用完，耗尽.(42) warm (up sth) 加热.; 使.活跃(43) weigh (up sth) 考虑，斟酌.二、名词+动词+up (1) sth/sb break up .破碎；.崩溃(2) sth/sb blow up .爆炸；.发怒(3) sth come up.长出；（问题）等被提出(4) sb dress up.穿盛装，打扮(5) sth ease up.减轻，缓和(6) sth go up .上升，上涨(7) sb grow up .长大了，成熟了(8) sb get up .起床(9) sb give up .放弃(8) sb hang up .突然挂断电话(9) sth heal up.愈合，康复(10) sb hurry up.赶快(11) sb jump up .突然（从座位上）站起(12) sb/sth pick up .好转(13) sb queue up .排队(14) sth shape up .发展顺利(15) sth shoot up .暴涨，激增(16) sb show up.出场，露面(17) sb sit/stay up all nights .不睡，熬夜(18) sb/sth slow up .减缓，迟钝(20) sb turn up.来到，出现二、 be+形容词+up +其他介词(1) be bound up (in sth/doing sth) 忙于.; 热衷于.(2) be bound up (with sth) 与.密切相关(3) be close up (to sb/sth) 离.很近(4) be fed up (with sth)厌倦了.(5) be wrapped up (in sth) 全身心投入于.42、upon 【原始含义】upon=on “较正式” eg: This is a book upon English.【详细用法参考on】43、with【原始含义】“在一起，伴随”【引申含义】prep. （1）和.在一起、一道 in the company of eg: He lives with his parents.（2）支持某人 in support of eg: I am with you on your point.（3）对人或物的态度或情绪 the attitude towards sb/sth eg: The dog is friendly with me. My father is strict with me. （4）用、以. using sth eg: Kill two birds with one stone.（5）带着 having or carrying sth eg: The man with glasses is our teacher. She is wearing a ring with a diamond on it. （6） 表示原因（伴随某种原因产生了相应结果）because of eg: She was beside herself with joy. His eyes shone with pleasure. （7） 表示伴随动作同时产生的动作或情绪 in the company of certain emotion eg: She looked at me with smile. You must handle the problem with great care. （8） 表示“尽管” in spite of sth eg: With all his faults, he is frank and honest. 【常见搭配】 一、动词+with+名词（1） compromise (with sb) 与.妥协（2） confront sb (with sth) 使某人面对某事（3） confuse A (with B) 把A和B混淆（4） continue (with sth) 继续做.（5） experiment (with sth) 尝试，试用.（6） find fault (with sb/sth) 挑.的错（7） have to do (with sth) 与.有联系（8） impress sb (with sth) 以.给某人留下深刻印象（9） inspire sb (with sth) 以.激励某人（10） quarrel (with sb)和.吵架（11） go(with sth)伴随.; 与协调（12） agree(withsb)同意某人的意见（13） begin(with sth) 以开始（14） communicate(with sb)与交流（15） compareA (withB)把A和B比较（16） cope/deal(with sth) 处理.（17） fillA (with B) 用B装满A（18） help/assistsb (withsth)帮助某人做某事（19） keepcompany(with sb)与交往（20） keep/holdpace(withsb/sth)跟上.，与同步（21） keep touch (with sb) 与.保持联系（22） makefriends(with sb)与交朋友（23） play(with sb)以为消遣，玩弄（24） shakehands (with sb)与握手（25） talk(withsb)与某人谈话（26） chat(withsb) 和某人聊天（27） haveaconversation(withsb) 与谈话；交谈（28） fight(withsb)与争斗（29） combine A(with B)将A和B结合（30） unite (with sb/sth) 联合.（31） replace A (with B)以B代替A 二、be+adj+（with+名词）（1） be strict (with sb) 对人要求严格（2） beca