That 用法初探.doc

That 用法初探一用作代词，代替人或物，其反义词为this,复数形式为those.如： -Dont grin like that. -This tastes better than that.注：that往往可以代替前面提到的可数名词，以避免重复，但必须是这一名词在第二次出现时有后置定语。 -The population of China is larger than that of America. that 作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that +名词”，它也是只能代替事情不能代替人（定语从句除外）；而one用于泛指，相当于“a/an +名词”，one 可代替事情也可代替人。如：1）His attitude to me was that of a comrade. =the attitude 2）Im looking for a house and I like one with a garden.=a house -The best coal is that from Datong.-He is not one to bow before difficulties.二用作形容词，后接复数名词时用those.-This street is broader than that one.-That unforgettable ten days in Algeria.(此处将“十天”视作一个整体，故用that,也可用those.)三、用作副词，意思为“达到这样的程度”、“如此”，相当于so.如:-I know only that much.-Can you walk that far?四用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，可以指人或物，代替who, whom, which.但如果先行词前面有形容词最高级或all, any, little, much, no, only 和不定代词修饰时，关系代词只能用that。另外，that在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，通常可以省略；反之，作主语时，不能省略。（不作介词宾语，不构成非限制性定语从句）如：-This is the best article that has been written on the subject.-The letter(that/which) I received yesterday was from my brother.五、用作连词，在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后引导宾语从句，常常可以省略。当and连接两个或更多的宾语从句时，that往往不可省略。-He told me (that) he had finished his homework and that he would go to the cinema tonight.当宾语从句较长时，往往可以用it作形式宾语。-We make it clear that he is very honest. it为形式宾语六、用作连词，引导主语从句，表语从句、同位语从句，在从句中不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用，但一般不能省略。-That he did it himself made us very happy.-The trouble is that you couldnt come.-I had no idea that he had gone abroad.注意：当主语从句较长时，往往可以用it代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句置后，以达到平衡句子的目的。-It is a pity that you didnt attend the interesting party.七、构成固定句式 in order that-, so that-, so-that, such-that.八、用于强调结构中，构成强调句型。-It was after talking for half an hour that the old man mentioned the name of Kunta Kinte.-It was my ancestor that I decided to find out about.九That 的固定搭配and all that诸如此类-Poverty compelled him to sell his house, clothes, and all that.and that 而且（用来加强语气）-They finished the work, and that in only a few days.at that 就这样-They left it at that.for all that尽管如此-He may have shortcomings and faults, but he is a good comrade for all that.now that 既然，由于-You ought to write it now that you know the address.that is 那就是that is to say/in other words-He will come back in a week, that is, in