从功能的角度研究文体.doc

从功能的角度研究文体，即每个次上的有文化价值的突出特征都要与产生本语篇的语境相关，都应是由上层所“促动的”，韩氏的理论是本文对英语新闻报道的文体特征分析的理论基础，英语新闻报道的词汇的文体特征是由其情景因素决定的，它的突出特征是受其语义特色促动的。【摘要】 体育是人类社会文化生活不可缺少的组成部分,体育活动和体育比赛已成为日常生活中人们关心的主要话题之一。人们每天能听到、看到大量的体育新闻报道。体育新闻英语在语言学领域也开始受到了一定的关注,但有关研究却不多,且主要从篇章的文体、语类角度进行分析探讨,专门研究英语体育新闻报道词汇及其特征的研究很少。本文对英语体育新闻报道的特点进行了分析和探讨。本文以词汇学理论为依据,以北京2008奥运官方网站和纽约时报所发布的英语体育新闻报道作为语料研究对象。全文共分为五个部分：第一部分,简要介绍了研究目的、对象和论文结构。第二部分,分别回顾了特殊用途英语特征、新闻英语和体育新闻英语的相关研究及成果。第三部分,提出了语体这一概念,新闻英语属于一种英语语体,而英语体育新闻报道可以被看作一种次语体。而后阐述了词汇学中词汇的概念及英语词汇的构词、词义和词汇运用等理论。第四部分是本文的主体,分别从构词、词义和词汇运用三个方面分析研究了英语体育新闻报道的词汇特点。英语体育新闻报道词汇的构词灵活,常用合成词、加缀词、转类词和缩写词。词汇意义联想丰富,不乏近义词和多义词以及反义词,还有诸多形式的词汇搭配。词汇运用特征表.更多还原【Abstract】 Sports make up an indispensable part of our social and cultural life. There is abundant sports news reported by various medium, which makes up a large proportion of the language people hear and read everyday. Sports news English has become an independent sub-variety and its vocabulary as a key aspect in the light of linguistics bears its own characteristics. However, few lexical studies have been made on sports news English, though there are some from the levels of style, writing or discourse. The present thesis is an attempt to explore the lexical features of English sports news reports (ESNR) on the basis of lexicological theories.This thesis is made up of five chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the purpose, object and layout of the study. The second chapter reviews the studies respectively on the lexical features of English for specific purpose, on news English and on sports news English. In the third chapter, the termvarietyis defined. News English is a variety of English and ESNR can be regarded as a sub-variety of news English. This section also presents an introduction to some basic lexicology theories.And in next chapter, the main body of this thesis, the lexical features of ESNR are explored and analyzed in detail in three aspects, namely, word formation, word meaning and the uses of vocabulary. ESNR vocabulary has flexible word-formations including compounding, affixation, conversion and abbreviation. ESNR are also featured with polysemy, synonym, antonym collocation. The thesis then explores the uses of ESNR vocabulary respectively in lights of rhetoric, numerary words, neologism and sports jargon.The implications and limitations of the study are interpreted in the last chapter. Knowledge of the lexical features of ESNR is beneficial to reading and appreciating ESNR and helpful to teaching EnglishThe lexical characteristics of English Sports News1 with a large number of entertainment features, colloquial use of the wordFavorite popular sports are mostly young people, but also the sports news magazines and newspapers to buy the main army, in order to meet their needs, now sporting news words more and more entertainment, colloquial. Obscure comment is more less. Our American sports news website ESPN a basketball news as an example: Houston Rockets will take their lumps soon because they have little experience of postseason ( the Houston Rockets will soon be out of the game, because of their lack of experience ). In this sentence, the take lumps is speaking in the United States fail, encountered difficulties. To see a soccer news: Manchester United beat Arsenal pants off in the first leg of European Cup ( Manchester United in the first round of the European Cup humiliation of the Arsenal ). Beat the pants off is a very colloquial expressions, meaning victory achieved, humiliate opponents.2 large sports professional vocabulary useEnglish sports news reports will appear in many sports vocabulary, therefore it has certain audiences, is a sports fans, for their various projects sports industry. Less is known regarding the sports people read up on some difficulties. In a basketball news as an example: While Nowitzki s ninth season wasn t his highest scoring, it was his most accurate He set career highs in shooting percentage on field goals ( 502), 3 pointers ( 416) and free throws ( 904 ); no other player in the League topped 50, 40 and 90 percent.season is seasonal, and in basketball, volleyball, football and other projects in that season, the team at the usual time within a year playing temporal summation, career highs here is the occupation career highest mean, is a kind of statistical data, and shooting percentage (hits ), field goals ( two points ), 3 - pointer ( three points ), free throw ( throws), will have a distinctive sports color. The meaning of a sentence is: Nowitzki s ninth season was his best percentage and not the highest scoring season, in which the two ball hit rate reached 502%, three mark of ball 416%, 904% free throws are occupation career highest, is also the highest of all the athletes in the league. Basketball terminology and many such as: air, ball ( three off ), air pass ( air pass ), block ( CAPS ), cover ( cover ), defense ( Defense), steal ( steal ), dunking ( slam dunk ), charging ( foul ), violation ( violation ), transition ( fast attack ) travel ( walk) and so on, these terms in the field of sports has a unique1大量带有娱乐色彩、口语化的词语运用喜爱追捧体育的大多是年轻人，也是体育新闻报刊杂志的购买主力军，为迎合他们的需要，现在的体育新闻报道用词越来越娱乐化、口语化。晦涩难懂的评论被关注的程度越来越少。我们以美国ESPN体育报道网站的一则篮球新闻为例： Houston Rockets will take their lumps soon because they have little experience of postseason（休斯顿火箭队将很快被踢出局，因为他们缺乏季后赛的经验）。此句中，take lumps 是美国口语中失败、遇到困难的意思。再看一则足球新闻：Manchester United beat Arsenal pants off in the first leg of European Cup（ 曼联在第一回合欧洲杯的比赛中羞辱阿森那）。Beat the pants off 是很口语化的一句表达，意思是取得大胜，羞辱对手。2 大量体育项目专业性词汇的使用英语体育新闻的报道中会出现很多体育词汇，因此它有一定的受众群体，就是体育迷们，他们对于各种项目的体育专业词汇了如指掌。对于不太了解这个体育项目的人阅读起来就有一定的困难。以一篇篮球新闻为例：While Nowitzkis ninth season wasnt his highest scoring, it was his most accurate He set career highs in shooting percentage on field goals （50 2）, 3 pointers （41 6） and free throws （90 4）; no other player in the league topped 50, 40 and 90 percent.season原意是季节，而在篮球、排球、足球等项目中表示赛季，即球队在通常一年时间内打比赛的时间总和，career highs 这里是职业生涯最高的意思，是一种统计数据，而shooting percentage （命中率）、field goals （二分球）、3pointer（三分球）、free throw（罚球） 等词汇都带有鲜明的运动色彩。整句话的意思是：诺威斯基的第九个赛季是他命中率最高而不是得分最高的赛季，其中两分球命中率达到了50 2%,三分球41 6%，罚球90 4%都是职业生涯最高，也是联赛中所有运动员中最高的。篮球的专业术语还有很多如：airball （三不沾）、airpass （空中传球）、 block （盖帽