含代名词之句型.doc

含代名词之句型It is warm in .结构It is天气in四季名称。说明此句型意为“在某季节天气是”。it 此处指天气the weather； in，常加在四季名称的前面。 It is warm in spring. 春天天气是暖和的。 It is cold in winter. 冬天天气是寒冷的。 It is hot in summer. 夏天天气是炎热的。It rains a lot in .结构It rainssnowsa lotin地方。说 明此句型意为“在某地下很多的雨雪”。 it 可用于指“天候”，如下雨，下雪等。常放在句首，当。rain 当“下雨”解，是，a lot 当，用于修饰。相当于 very much。 It rains a lot in Taipei. 在台北下很多的雨。 It snows a lot in New York. 在纽约下很多的雪。 It showers a lot in Guangzhou. 在广州下很多阵雨。This is my .结构This is所有格（myyour）名词。说 明相当于“This名词is所有代名词（mineyours）。”由“ s”构成，如 yours，ours，theirs，hers。但是 mine， his 二字除外，字尾不可加 s。用于代替句前已出现的，故后面不可接。不可与 a，an，the，this，that，these 或 those 等一起使用。 This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。 This pen is mine. 这钢笔是我的。 This is your box. 这是你的箱子。 This box is yours. 这箱子是你的。 This is his bicycle. 这是他的脚踏车。 This bicycle is his. 这脚踏车是他的。My pen is .结构所有格（MyYour）名词be 动词形容词。说 明此句型意为“某人的是”。相当于“所有代名词（MineYours）be 动词形容词。”译为“某人的是”。的后面必须接。当用的，如果代替单数，则取单数；如果代替复数，则取复数。 My pen is new. 我的钢笔是新的。 Our bedroom is small. 我们的卧室是小的。 Their cars are blue. 他们的汽车是蓝色的。 Mine is new. 我的是新的。 Ours is small. 我们的是小的。 Theirs are blue. 他们的是蓝色的。Are these your pens?结构问句：Be 动词主词所有格名词？ 答句：YesNo，主词benot所有代名词。说明的和完全相同，都是在的后面加（s）。 Are these Marys pens? No, they are not hers. 这些是玛丽的笔吗？不，它们不是她的。 Are those Bobs books? Yes, theyre his. 那些是鲍伯的书吗？是的，它们是他的。 Is this your parents apartment? No, its my brothers. 这是你双亲的公寓吗？不，它是我兄弟的。One/Each of the .结构OneEach of the复数名词（或代名词）单数动词。说 明此句型意为“其中之一（每一个）”。one，each 为，one (each) of 指“二者以上”的每一个；跟随 of 表示限定范围的若为，则前须加 the，若为复数 ，前面不加 the。该结构中须用单数。 One of the boys is nice. 这些男孩之中有一位是好的。 One of them needs a new jacket. 他们之中有一位需要一件新夹克。 Each of the theaters has different movies. 每家电影院都上映不同的电影。Both of the girls are .结构BothThreeSomeManyAll of the复数名词（或代名词）复数动词。说 明此句型意为“其中两个（三个，一些，许多，全部）”。both，three，some，many，all都是；若跟随 of 表示限定范围的为复数，则前不加 the。该结构中须用复数。 Both of the girls are nice. 这两位女孩是好的。 Many of the supermarkets are having sales. 很多这些超级市场正在举行拍卖。 Three of the students came here yesterday. 这些学生中有三位昨天来这里。. who .结构主词（人）关系代名词（Who）动词。说明who 是主格，引导，前面的先行词接“人”，后面接，必须和先行词保持一致。who 可用 that 代替。 The man who called was tired. 打电话的那个男人是疲倦的。 The boy who is speaking to Helen enjoys playing soccer. 正在跟海伦谈话的那男孩喜爱踢足球。 People who use their free time well are usually healthy and happy. 善于利用空闲时间的人通常健康又快乐。. which .结构主词动词名词（物）关系代名词（which）动词。说明which 可作主格或受格，引导，前面的先行词接“动物”或“事物”，后面接，必须和先行词保持一致。 Here is a book, which is very interesting. 这里有一本非常有趣的书。 I like to watch TV programs which are about sports.我喜欢观赏有关运动的电视节目。 They want to sell the house, which has only one door.他们想卖掉那幢只有一扇门的房子。. by oneself .结构主词（人，物）动词by oneself。说明此句型意为“某人（物）自己”。反身的人称、数和性别，须和相关的一致。 They went to Suao by themselves. 他们自己去苏澳。 John fixed the tape recorder by himself. 约翰靠他自己修理录音机。 You cant go mountain climbing by yourself. 你不能自己去登山。. that/those of .结构thatthose of 作为避免重复的代名词说 明英文句构中，两个对称而形成的情况时，为避免重复，第二个若为单数，就改为 that；若为复数，则改为 those。不过在遇到时，可使用的形态取代 that 或 those。 The population of Tokyo is larger than that of London. 东京的人口比伦敦的多。 The climate here is like that of Taipei. 这儿的气候和台北非常相似。 His children are well bred, whereas those of his sister are naughty. 他的孩子很有教养，但他姊姊的孩子却调皮得很。 The students work harder than those of our school. 这些学生比我们学校的学生用功。 His car is bigger than mine. 他的车比我的大。the former . the latter结构the former . the latter .说 明此句型意为“前者后者”。可代替单复数，而“that（指前者） this（指后者）”或“the one（指前者）the other（指后者）”，只能代替单数。若两个均为复数时，也可用“those . these .”取代“the former . the latter .”。 Virtue and vice are two different things: the former/that/the one leads to peace, the latter/this/the other to misery. 美德与邪恶是不同的，前者带来和平，后者导致痛苦。 Man differs from beasts in that the former is able to laugh, while the latter arent. 人不同于野兽，因前者能笑，而后者却不能。 Jane and Mary are good friends; the former is a teacher, the latter is a nurse. 珍和玛丽是好朋友，前者是老师，后者是护士。 Dogs are more faithful animals than cats; these attach themselves to places, and those to persons. 狗比猫忠心，后者依恋地方，前者依恋人。. one ., the other .结构two复数名词，onethe other说明此句型意为“一个另一个”。用于限定的两者，只有在“two复数”之后才能使用。 I have two aunts; one lives in Tokyo and the other in Osaka. 我有两个姑妈；一个住在东京，另一个住在大阪。 I have two dogs; one is white, and the other is brown.我有两条狗；一条白色的，一条棕色的。 The two brothers often quarrel with each other; one is stubborn, and the other (is) selfish. 这两兄弟经常吵架；一个很固执，另一个则很自私。 I dont like this one; show me the other. 我不喜欢这个，给我看另一个。（暗示：这种东西只有两种）. one ., another .结构three复数名词，oneanotherand the other说明此句型意为“一个一个而另一个”。用于限定的三者，只能在“three复数”之后使用。 There are three rooms; one is mine, another is my sisters and the other is my parents. 有三间房间：一间是我的，一间是我妹妹的，剩下的一间是我父母的。 He has three brothers; one is a teacher, another (is) a soldier, and the other an artist. 他有三个兄弟：一个是老师，一个是军人，而另一个是艺术家。 They three get along well with one another; one is married, another is still a bachelor, and the other has a girl friend. 他们三人彼此相处愉快；一个已婚，一个仍是光棍，而另一个则已有了女友。. one . another .结构. one . another .说明此句型意为“一个而另一个”。若有三者以上，而未加以限定时，则可使用本。 I dont like this one; show me another. 我不喜欢这个，给我看另一个。（暗示：这种东西至少有三种以上） At one time, she is fine, but at another, she is abnormal. 有时候，她表现得很好，有时候又失常。 I really dont know what kind of man he really is; on one occasion, he is normal, and on another, he acts like a lunatic.我真不了解他到底是怎样的人；一会儿正常，一会儿又像个疯子。. one thing, . another结构. is one thing, and . is another说明此句型意为“是一回事，而又是另一回事”。 To know is one thing; to teach is quite another.知道是一回事，教又是另一回事。（学者未必是良师。） It is one thing to make money, and it is another to spend it. 赚钱是一回事，而花钱又是另一回事。 Saying is one thing, and doing is another. 说是一回事，做又是另一回事。. one . or another .结构one名词or another说明此句型意为“某一”。本等于“someor other”。 Most of us have to read a certain amount of material for one reason or another. 我们大多数人必须为某种理由阅读若干的资料。 He was absent from the meeting for one reason or another.他为某种理由而没有出席会议。 I am sure he will succeed one day or another. 我确信某一天他会成功的。 For one reason or another, she committed suicide. 不知什么原因，她自杀了。. some . others .结构. some . others .说明此句型意为“一些而另一些”。用于非限定的众群，相当于“some . some .”。 Some of us value peace and comfort very highly. Others value pleasure and excitement. 我们有些人非常重视安宁与舒适，有些人重视快乐与刺激。 Some of us can speak English. Others/Some can speak French. 我们有些人会说英语，有些人会说法语。 Some people believe in God and others dont. 有人相信上帝；有人则不相信。 To some life means pleasure, to others suffering.对一些人来说，人生的意义是享乐，对另外一些人来说则是受苦。. one . the others .结构. onesome . the others .说明此句型意为“一个一些其余”。用于限定的三者以上。 We have 30 students in our class; one passed the exam, and the others (=the rest) all failed. 我们班上有三十位学生，只有一位通过考试，其余都不及格。 Of the 40 students, some do well in study, and the others are playing around. 四十个学生中，有一些功课很好，其余的都很混。 Some of the boys were late, but all the others were in time for the meeting. 男孩子中，有一些迟到了，但其余的人都及时赶上开会。., some ., others .结构. some . others . still others .说明此句型意为“一些一些而另一些”。用于非限定的众多群，相当于“some . some . some .”。 People vary in taste; some love music, some enjoy taking pictures, and still others are fond of climbing mountains. 每个人嗜好不同，有人喜欢音乐，有人喜欢摄影，还有些人喜欢爬山。 Society is made up of a variety of people; some are good, others (are) bad, and still others (are) in between.社会是由形形色色的人组成。有些人很好，有些人很坏，也有些人介乎两者之间。 There are many people in the park; some are walking, others are jogging, and still others are doing exercises. 公园里有很多人，有的在散步，有的在慢跑，还有的在做操。Of all (the) ., .结构Of all（the）复数名词，主词动词说明此句型意为“在所有之中”。all 之后有 the，表示“所有这些”，是特定的观念；all 之后没有 the，表示“所有的”，是泛指的观念。 Of all the fibers now used by man, a very large percentage is man-made. 现在人类所使用的所有纤维之中，有很大的百分比是人造的。 Of all books, the Bible seems to be read most widely. 在所有的书中，圣经是最广泛地被阅读的。 Of all the students in our school, Tom is mathematical genius. 在我们学校所有的学生之中，汤姆是数学天才。含关系词之句型. + N + who/which .结构名词whowhomwhichthat说 明有 who，whom，which 三种，均用以引导，修饰前面的。修饰人用 who 或 whom；修饰物用 which。that 可用来取代 who，whom 或 which，但须注意其前不可置，也不可有逗点，that 之前若有，则不受逗点限制。作受格的 whom， which，that 在限定修饰的句构中可以省略。 Never trust a man who (that) breaks his word easily. 不要信任一个常常食言的人。 He laughs best who laughs last. 最后笑者笑得最好。 He is a man on whom I can rely. 他是我可以信赖的那一种人。 No one will buy a book which (that) is poorly written. 没有人会买一本写得很烂的书。 I have found the bicycle which (that) you lost yesterday.我发现了你昨天丢的那辆脚踏车。 I like my school, which is famous for its excellent facilities.我喜欢我的学校，它以优良的设备出名。 Volleyball is a sport of which I am very fond. 排球是我很喜欢的运动。 He is a good boy, as far as I know, that (whom) you can trust. 据我所知，他是个好男孩，你可以相信他。 There are many things that money cant buy. 有很多东西是金钱买不到的。 Dont take things that do not belong to you. 不要拿不属于你的东西。. + N + whose .结构名词whose说明whose 为关系，系由 his，her，their，my，your 以及 its 等变化而成，引导。 People whose homes are in town want to live in the country.住在市区里的人希望住在乡下。 This is a short story whose easy style I love very much. 这是一则短篇小说，我很喜欢它那简单的笔调。 I envy Mike, whose car is fancy. 真羡慕麦克，他的车子真漂亮。. those who + V .结构thosewho动词说明此句型意为“（那些）的人”。those 在此是泛指一般的人。 Christmas is a time for friends and family members to see each other again and to send Christmas cards to those who live far away. 圣诞节是朋友家人互相再见，以及寄圣诞卡给住在远方的人的一段时间。 God helps those who help themselves. 自助者神助之。 We can talk to those who live far away by telephone.我们可以用电话和住在远处的人说话。 Those who abandon themselves to despair can not succeed.那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。 There is no easy way to do business, and only those who do their best to win clients can win business. 做生意无捷径可走，只有那些千方百计赢得客户的人才能赢得生意。. all (that) .结构. all (that) .说 明此句型意为“所有的一切东西”。all 等于 everything；that 为，代替 all。that 在所引导的中若做时，不可省略，但若做，则往往予以省略。all that 往往可视为 what 看待。 All (that) he said is true. 他说的都是真的。 We must do all that is to be done. 我们必须做该做的事。 All (What) you have to do is (to) follow me. 你所必须要做得就是跟着我。 All (that) I want is a beautiful red car. 我所要的就是一辆美丽的红色车子。 All that he does, he does it well. 他做任何事都很出色。 All that you do, do with your might. 做任何事都应不遗余力。 All you have to do is call on the house phone. 我只要做的就是拨个室内电话。 All you have to do is learn it by heart. 你只要做的就是把它背出来。 All I have to do is persuade him to go with us. 我只要做的就是说服他跟我们一起去。. all + N + that .结构allanyeveryno名词that说明all，any，every，no 若修饰，该之后的一般要用 that 取代 who，whom，which。 All the students that work hard can definitely pass the exam. 用功的学生必能通过考试。 I have no disk that may interest you. 我没有一张唱片能引起你的兴趣。 Every student that comes here should report to me. 每一个到这里来的学生都应向我报告。 Dont do anything that should go against his will. 不要做违背他心意的事。. the only N that .结构the onlythe verythe firstthe last名词that说明the only，the very，the first，the last 若修饰，该之后的一般要用 that 取代 who，whom，which。 Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech. 人类是唯一被赋予语言能力的动物。 He is the last person that Ill get along with. 他是我最不愿与之相处的人。 He is the very person that knows the password. 只有他知道密码。. the most N that .结构形容词最高级名词that说明的修饰时，该之后的一般要用 that 取代 who，whom， which。 This is the most interest book that I have ever read. 这是我念过的最有趣的书。 You are the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 你是我见过的最美丽的女孩。 This is the most convincing evidence that I can find to prove my point. 这是我所能找到的最令人信服的证据，以证明我的观点。Who/What . that .结构疑问词（who，what 等）that说明为避免与疑问词重复，可使用 that 取代 who，whom，which。 Who is the boy that is standing over there? 站在那里的男孩是谁？ What is the book about that she is reading? 她在看什么书？ Where is the man that owes you $100? 那个欠你一百块的人住在哪里？ what . V .结构what（主词）动词说明此句型意为“的东西”。what 是，等于 the thing which。不论“what”或“what”，都是。 “whatbe”译成“的样子情况”。 Thats whats polluting the lake. 那就是污染湖水的东西。 What do you guess is in the box? 你猜箱子里有什么？ This is what he wanted. 这就是他要的东西。 Character is what we are when we are alone with ourselves in the dark. 品德就是自我在暗地里独处时的样子。 John is not what he was. 约翰不是以前那样的约翰了。 Without Mr. Chang, I would not be what I am.如果没有张先生的话，我就不会有现在的样子。. what + be + called .结构whatbecalled说明此句型意为“所谓的”。等于“whatweyoutheycall”。 He gathered earlier writings to prepare what are called the Five Classics. 他搜集以前的作品，编成了所谓的五经。 He is very interested in what are called popular songs. 他对所谓的流行歌曲很感兴趣。 We should improve what is called the quality of living.我们应该改进所谓的生活品质。 He is what you call a “walking dictionary”. 他就是你所谓的“活字典”。What we do is + V .结构What主词dois动词说明此句型意为“所要做的就是”。之后一定用 do；至于，可以看成是 to的 to 被省略了。 What we can not do is make a cloud produce rain if it is not ready to produce it. 我们所办不到的是要使云产生雨，如果它不是随时要产生雨的话。 What you have to do is say (put) in a good word for me.你所必须做的就是为我美言几句。 What we need to do is prepare something to eat. 我们所需要的就是准备一些吃的。. what is said above .结构what is said above说明此句型意为“上面所说的”。 As we learn from what is said above, the tides can be very useful. 依照上面所说的，我们知道潮汐可以是非常有帮助的。 From what is said above, we can draw a conclusion. 由上面所说的，我们可以做一个结论。 We should pay more attention to what is said above. 我们应该更加注意上面所说的。What follows is .结构What followsbe 动词说明此句型意为“以下（跟着来的）是”。What follows 是。若要表达其他的意思，可以把 follows 换成别的。 What follows is some excerpts of the famous speech he delivered in Washington D.C. 以下是他在华府所发表的那篇著名的演讲中的一些摘录。 What follows is the truth that men are created equal. 以下是人生而平等的真理。 What follows is the process of his being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. 以下是他被颁赠一九六四年诺贝尔和平奖的过程。. what little + N结构what little不可数名词说明此句型意为“所有的一点点”。等于 all the little。 His mother sent him what little money she had saved.他的母亲把所有仅存的钱都寄给他了。 Ill let you share what little information I have collected.我会让你分享我所搜集的仅有的一些资料。 She was robbed of what little money she had. 她仅有的一点儿钱都被抢了。 The little boy use what little strength he had to push the door open.这小男孩使劲地把门推开。A is to B what C is to D.结构A is to B what C is to D.说 明此句型意为“A 之于 B 犹如 C 之于 D”。等于“A is to B as C is to D.”或“What C is to D (that) A is to B”或“As C is to D so is A to B”。这是为了让人明白 A 与 B 的关系，而利用人所熟知的 C 与 D 的关系来比喻的句法。what 是“A is to B”之 be 的。 Exercise is to the body what thinking is to the brain. 运动和身体的关系，如同思考和头脑的关系。 What lungs are to the animal, leaves are to the plant. 就像肺是动物所不可缺的一样，叶子也是植物所不可或缺的。 As water is to the plant, so are books to me. 书和我的关系正如同水和植物的关系。what with . and .结构what with . and (what with) .说明此句型意为“一方面因为一方面因为”。等于“half through . (half through) .”、“partly because (of) . (partly because (of) .”。 What with laziness and (what with) illness, he lost his job. 一方面因为懒，一方面因为生病，他丢了工作。 What with the wind and what with the rain, our trip was ruined. 又是刮风又是下雨，我们的旅游都给搞砸了。 What with the high prices, and what with the badness of the times, we find it hard to get along. 部分因为物价高涨，部分因为时机不好，生活真是愈来愈难过了。. the same + N + as .结构the same名词as说明此句型意为“与相同的”。as 做准(既当又做用)，相当于“as the前面的（who，whom，which）引导的”。 I want the same camera as you have. 我想要一只和你一样的照相机。 He is the same person as came here yesterday. 他就是昨天来这里的那个人。 He is not the same man as he used to be. 他已不是当年的他了。. such + N + as .结构such名词as说 明此句型意为“像一样的”。是以 as 以下的人、物、动作、状态等为对象，比较有关种类、性质、程度、范围等。as 做准(既当又做用)，相当于“as the前面的（who，whom，which）”引导的。 Such people as are friendly are easy to approach. 亲切之人容易接近。 He is not such a bad guy as you (are). 他不是那种和你一样的坏家伙。 Such a good student as he (is) will succeed. 像他这样的好学生一定会成功。. such . as .结构such复数名词as名词说明此句型意为“像的；这一类的”。as 后的有多个，表示举例说明。 From animals we get such materials as wool, silk, leather and furs. 从动物我们得到像羊毛、丝、皮革、与毛皮这样的材料。 At his birthday party, I met such people as professor, scientist and actor. 在他的生日宴会上，我遇到了像教授、科学家和演员的人。 You should eat such vegetables as carrot, celery and spinach. 你应该吃胡萝卜、芹菜和菠菜这类的蔬菜。. such as .结构主词动词复数名词such as 名词1，名词2 and 名词3说明此句型意为“例如”。such as 引导的部分是作为的补充说明。 Acid rain is harmful to amphibians such as salamanders, spring peepers, and frogs. 酸雨是有害于两栖的动物，例如鲵、春天里唧唧叫的小动物和青蛙。 In this paragraph there are many nouns, such as boy, girl, and book. 这一段里面有很多名词，例如男孩、女孩和书本。 I know many of them, such as John, Peter, and Tom. 我认识他们当中的很多人，例如约翰、彼得和汤姆。 They may choose to study foreign languages, advanced mathematics or science, such as physics or chemistry. 他们可以选择学习外国语文、高等数学或像物理、化学的科学。 We have different pies, such a