2013四级巅峰预测试题五.doc

预测试题五Part IWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Theft on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1) 目前校园里学生偷盗现象时常发生2) 这种现象出现的原因3) 阐明你的观点The Theft on CampusPart IIReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Dolphins: BehaviorBackgroundPeople have always been fascinated by dolphins playing in the bowwaves(涡流) and wakes of ships. Seemingly, dolphins have no fear of people and readily interact with ships, divers and swimmers. On occasion, people have been saved from drowning by dolphins, who have pushed them towards a beach. Stories like this have been told for centuries and are still being told.The bottlenose dolphin, the best known dolphin species, is a social animal. They live in small groups and sometimes in larger schools. They hunt together and sometimes share the responsibilities of raising the young. This social behavior is probably the key to the survival of many dolphin species. To better understand the behavior of dolphins in general, an understanding of the dynamics of living in groups is necessary.Group CompositionThe smallest social unit of dolphins is a pod. In the bottlenose dolphins, pods are subject to change, although some units can remain the same for long periods of time. In the Florida dolphin populations, there are several types of groups: mothercalf (幼崽) pairsmixedsex groups of subadults singlesex groups of subadults (all male or all female groups) bands of females with their most recent offspring adult male groups (usually strongly bonded pairs or trios of adult males)Often, pods change size and composition depending on the activity: social traveling pods are usually the largest, while feeding pods are usually rather small.Group composition may vary per geographical region and per species. In the Florida coastal waters, bottlenose dolphin groups usually consist of 2-10 individuals. In other areas (for instance in the Gulf of California) pods are larger (on average 15 animals).Group size seems to be influenced by environmental factors such as geography of the area and food availability. In the deeper, offshore waters, the groups are usually larger and can consist of more than 100 individuals. Larger groups of animals are usually referred to as herds. Occasionally, herds can consist of individuals of different species.Group BehaviorThe following is based mainly on studies done in Sarasota Bay, Florida. The bond between mothers and their calves is strong. Calves stay with their mothers for a long time, usually 3 to 6 years, but sometimes even longer. Even later in life, dolphins occasionally associate with their mothers, although usually only briefly. When the calves leave, they join subadult groups. These groups are rather stable. These subadult groups are quite active. The dolphins are often seen jumping, chasing and socializing. Socializing involves a lot of physical contact, including rubbing, stroking and pushing, as well as both heteroand homosexual interactions. In these groups the young dolphins learn how to behave in a group and also a hierarchy will be established.Bands of females are fluid: females in a band often interact with each other, but usually do not stay together for long periods of time. Often, females in the same reproductive condition will group together: females that are pregnant, or females with calves of approximately the same age. Once a female becomes pregnant she may leave the band she usually associates with and join a band of pregnant females.On average, dolphins sleep about 30% of the day. Their sleeping behavior is different from our own. When people sleep, the whole brain displays a sleeping pattern. In dolphins, only one half of the brain sleeps at any given time. The brain hemispheres take turns in sleeping. Playful BehaviorDolphins are often seen frolicking(嬉戏) in the bow waves and wakes of ships. In this way dolphins can move faster than they could on their own. They are pushed forward by the waves and save energy while traveling. Occasionally, dolphins have been seen riding the bow wave of large whales as well. Dolphins learn to do this very early in life: a calf also positions itself relative to its mother so that it rides the bow wave of the mother. In this way, the small calf can keep up with its mother without spending a lot of energy.Dolphins can jump clear of the water and they often do this for no apparent reason. When traveling at high speed, dolphins sometimes make low jumps to save energy. This low jumping behavior is often called porpoising (豚游). Jumping can also have a signaling function. In that case the dolphin jumps up and falls back on the water on its side, making a lot splash. This is called breaching (豚跃) and can be heard over long distances. The spinner dolphins are known for their complicated high jumps. In oceanaria (海洋水族馆), dolphins are often trained to perform these complicated jumps on cue. It is fascinating to watch and it demonstrates the power of the dolphins. An experienced trained dolphin can jump up to 5m clear of the water.Dolphins have been seen playing with a variety of objects. These can be inanimate objects such as mangrove (红树) pods, leaves or feathers, but also living animals, such as turtles, sea gulls and jelly fish. In the Sado estuary (河口) in Portugal, dolphins often kick jelly fish around with flicks of their powerful tails. Sometimes dolphins also blow bubbles under water and play with the bubbles or bubble rings.What Do We Know about Wild Dolphins?For quite some time it has been very difficult to study the behavior of dolphins in the wild. Since these animals spend most of their time under water, following them and seeing what they are doing is hard. Also, these animals are relatively long lived and consequently their development is slow. Discovering trends and behavior patterns takes a lot of time and patience.Currently, only a few populations have been studied long enough to get some idea of the group composition and group dynamics. These are the bottlenose dolphin population in Sarasota Bay, Florida and the spotted dolphins (which interact with bottlenose dolphins) in the Bahamas. A number of other studies are currently under way. In these studies, individual dolphins are identified using photographs of unique markings on their bodies, in particular on their dorsal fins (背鳍).When you can recognize individual dolphins, it becomes possible to see who associates with whom and also to get some data on vital statistics, such as survival rates. In a number of cases, the techniques now used in the field have been developed, tested and refined in laboratories and oceanaria. By combining the results of both captive and field studies, it becomes possible to get a comprehensive picture of dolphin behavior and physiology.1114 words1.What can we know about the bottlenose dolphins from the passage?A They usually live in the shallow sea.B They usually act individually.C They are social animals.D They are the biggest in all the dolphin species.2.What is the key factor that can decide the size and composition of pods?A Dolphins activity.B Dolphins age. C Dolphins genders.D Dolphins species. 3.Both the geography of the area and the food availability can have an effect on .A dolphins group compositionB dolphins group sizeC dolphins survivalD dolphins behaviors 4.What are the characteristics of dolphins subadult groups, according to the passage?A They are often under the control of adult groups.B They usually do not interact with adult groups. C Their members are mainly calves and their mothers.D They do not change frequently. 5.What is said about dolphins sleep, according to the passage?A Dolphins usually sleep most of the day. B Dolphins do not have a fixed sleeping pattern.C When dolphins sleep, their whole brain will become inactive.D When dolphins sleep, only one of their brain hemispheres will display a sleeping pattern.6.According to the author, one advantage of dolphins making low jumps when they travel at high speed is that they can .A detect dangers beforehand B have a broader range of view C save energyD raise their speed to the highest7.What kind of dolphins can make complicated high jumps, according to the passage?A The bottlenose dolphins.B The spotted dolphins.C The adult male dolphins.D The spinner dolphins. 8.The objects dolphins play with can be and .9.It is hard for researchers to follow dolphins and see what they are doing, due to .10.From the passage, we can know that the development of dolphins is .Section CHave you ever wondered at the way certain people bring out the best in others? Weve all known them chief executives, (36) , parents. They seem to (37) an ability to (38) people. And this remarkable skill in the art of (39) affects the lives of those around them.In a famous study by a Harvard psychologist, they discovered that (40) a teachers expectations of students (41) to improve the childrens performances. Ill tell you how the study was carried out:At the start of one autumn term in a (42) school, teachers were (43) a number of new children who were said to have more ability than most and were expected to do well. In fact, the teachers didnt know that (44) .When they were tested at the end of the years, the pupils whom the teachers thought had the most potential had increased their I.Q. more than their classmates did. (45) . It seems that because their teachers had been led to expect more of them, (46) .Part IVReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section AMany a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always 47 such people, but I also explain that theres a big difference between “being a writer” and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of 48 and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. “Youve got to want to write,” I say to them, “not want to be a writer.”The reality is that writing is a 49, private and poorpaying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune, there are thousands more whose longing is never 50. When I left a 20year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance (自由作家) writer, I had no 51at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didnt even matter that it was 52 and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a 53 writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadnt gotten a break and began to 54 myself. It was so hard to sell a story that 55 made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasnt going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keep putting my dream to the test - even though it meant living with 56 and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.263 wordsA barely B genuine C rewarded D doubt E lonelyF enjoymentG persuadeH prospectsI uncertaintyJ possiblyK encourageL awardedM welcomeN wealthO coldSection BPassage OneEvery Chinese schoolchild is drilled in the motherlands historic “Four Inventions”: gunpowder, paper, printing and the compass. But last week a somewhat unlikely item was added to the list of things for which the rest of the world should apparently be grateful to China the sauna.According to China Daily, the sauna “may well have once been a popular luxury in ancient China”, and “related records on steam bathing by ancient Chinese may be found in various historical accounts”. It seems that nothing was beyond the ancient Chinese. A couple of years ago, an article claimed that China had also invented golf, which was news to Scotland. And in the recent Peking Toilet Exhibition, photographs of archaeological remains were produced to demonstrate that China was home to the earliest known public convenience.Finland, which has a million saunas for its population of five million, is likely to be devastated by this latest revelation. According to China Daily, during the Warring States period (475BC221BC), Shi Hu, the King of Zhao of the Jie ethnic group, used to bathe in the steam from a pool into which more than 1,000 scalding metal bars, each weighing just over 40lb, had been plunged.As for Kubla Khan, “struck down by a disabling illness” one day after fighting, “his attendants poured water on a scorching hot stone to make steam” which helped him to expel a blood clot, explained the newspaper.“It is possible that the Chinese style of steaming or fuming found its way to Finland and was eventually accepted by the Finns,” said China Daily, suggesting that the Chinese invention could have spread to Finland when the Hun people, who originated in China, invaded Hungary in 376AD. However, a Finnish spokesman argued that saunas in Finland dated back to the Stone Age and there was much more to the sauna than just a bit of steam. The fundamentals of the sauna experience included “forests, lakes, clean air and fresh water”, he said.329 words57.“Nothing was beyond the ancient Chinese” (Line 1, Para.3) means .A ancient Chinese were capable of everythingB ancient Chinese could do things wellC if ancient Chinese could not do it, others could not eitherD ancient Chinese people could do everything better than other peoples58.The possible reason that Scotland felt surprised when someone claimed China was the mother country of golf is .A it did not expect that ancient Chinese people were so intelligentB it did not know previously that China had already been so developed thousands of years agoC it regards itself as the first one to invent golfD golf is still not popular among common people by now59.From the passage, we can know that .A Finland was once invaded by ancient ChineseB the mother country of saunas was China indeedC the ratio of saunas to the population is 1：5 in FinlandD China has understood the fundamentals of the sauna experience60.According to the Finnish spokesman, the major difference between the ancient Chinese saunas and the Finnish ones is that the latter .A used fuming B used a natural poolC emphasized natural environment D emphasized good service61.Judging from the way the passage is written, we can see that the writer .A is trying to assume an objective attitudeB is somewhat biasedC supports the claim that saunas and golf originate from ChinaD disagrees with the Finnish spokesmanPassage TwoA poll of nearly 800 working women released this month by the AFLCIO indicates that women in twoincome families face a growing need to work different hours from their husbands in this “247s” economy. There is no such thing as an average workday in workplaces that operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week.In the auto industry, for example, dealers have increasingly started to keep their service departments open from 8 a.m. to midnight to accommodate the changing needs of their customers. Washington, D.C., area supermarkets where on any given day an estimated 45 percent of their customers dont know what theyre having for dinner by 4 p.m. have their busiest weekday hours between 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. Sunday is now the biggest shopping day of the week.The AFLCIO which has more than 5 million female members, making it the largest working womens group in the country found that 46 percent of women who are married or living with someone work a different schedule than their partner. Most do this by choice to accommodate the needs of work and family, but slightly more than onethird of the women surveyed said they had no say in their work schedules.“Many women have had to kiss 9to5 goodbye,” says Karen Nussbaum, director of the AFLCIOs working womens department.More than half of the married female members with young children 51 percent work different hours than their husbands, according to the survey. Nussbaum says nearly half the women who worked different hours than their spouses worked a different shift rather than just a few hours difference.The survey shows that one of four working women work at least part of their hours in the evening or on the weekend. This is especially true of women who work in lowwage jobs with annual incomes of less than $25,000. Twentysix percent of women with children under age 18 also worked evening or weekend hours, according to the survey.327 words62. Most women need to work different hours from their husbands because .A they feel tired of regular working time B they need special hours fitting for taking care of their childrenC they have to accommodate the needs of work and family D they want to find a new way of life63. The example of the auto industry shows that .A the customers needs have been changing from time to timeB There is no regular work time in auto industry in the US.C some working places give up their workers interest to strive for high profitD some working places have no average workday64. The sentence “Many women have had to kiss 9to5 goodbye” (Line 1, Para. 4) means .A many women are excluded from their work