克林顿在亚太经合组织妇女与经济峰会上的话.docVIP

RemarksattheAsiaPacificEconomicCooperationWomenandtheEconomySummit在亚太经合组织妇女与经济峰会上的讲话SecretaryofStateHillaryRodhamClinton国务卿希拉里克林顿WestinSaintFrancisSanFrancisco,California威斯汀法兰西斯酒店，加利福尼亚州旧金山市September16, 20112011年9月16日SECRETARYCLINTON:Goodmorning.Goodmorning. (Applause.)国务卿克林顿：早上好，早上好。（掌声）Goodmorningeveryone.Thankyou.Thankyousomuch.Oh,itisabsolutelyapleasuretoseeallofyouheretodayandIvebeengettingreportsabouttheconference,andIamsoexcitedtojoinyoutodaytotalkaboutwhatwearefocusedonhereatthisSummitonWomenandtheEconomy.诸位早上好。谢谢你们。非常感谢。今天，我十分高兴在这里看到大家，我听到了有关这次大会的一些报告，能来到你们中间对你们谈谈我们在妇女与经济峰会上关注的问题，令我十分振奋。BeforeIbegin,Iwanttoapologizeforthedelaybutthereweresomanypeoplewhoshowedup,andbecausethisisthelargestgatheringofdistinguishedforeigndiplomatsinSanFrancisco,sincethefoundingoftheUnitedNations (applause) therewasalittlemoreofadelayingettingeveryonein,andtherearestillpeopleoutsidewehopewillbeabletogetin.BeforeIbeginmyremarks,letmerecognizeafewofourspecialguestshere.WehavetwomembersofCongress,ZoeLofgrenandJackieSpeier.Thankyouverymuchforbeingwithus. (Applause.)我在开始发表讲话前，首先要为会议的延误表示歉意，但有这么多的人出席这次会议，因为这次会议是自联合国成立以来，尊贵的外国外交官在旧金山的最大聚会（掌声）所以要让大家都能进入会场耽误了一些时间，而现在有一些人还在会场外，希望他们都能进来。在我发表讲话前，我要提一提在座的几位特别贵宾。这里有两位国会议员，佐伊洛夫格伦（ZoeLofgren）和杰基斯佩耶（JackieSpeier）。非常感谢你们同我们一起出席会议。（掌声）Andwehavetwodistinguishedmayors.IwanttowelcomeMayorEdwinLeeandhiswifeAnitafromrighthereinSanFrancisco.MayorLee? (Applause.)AndMayorJeanQuanfromOakland.Thankyouforbeinghere. (Applause.)AndonapersonalnoteIwanttoacknowledgeawonderfulandformerchiefofprotocol,CharlotteShultz.Thankyou,Charlotte. (Applause.)这里还有两位尊敬的市长。我要欢迎会场所在地旧金山的李孟贤（EdwinLee）市长和他的夫人阿妮塔（Anita）。李市长？（掌声） 还有奥克兰（Oakland）市长关丽珍（JeanQuan），谢谢你们出席会议。（掌声） 我个人还想要提一下工作出色的前首席礼宾官夏洛特舒尔茨（CharlotteShultz）。谢谢你，夏洛特。（掌声）Nowasthissummitcomestoaclose,wewilladoptadeclarationforthefirsttimeinAPECshistorythatwillaffirmthisorganizationsandeachmembereconomyscommitmenttoimprovingwomensaccesstocapitalandmarkets,tobuildingwomenscapacitiesandskills,andtosupportingtheriseofwomenleadersinboththepublicandprivatesectors.AnditisfittingthatthisdeclarationwouldbeadoptedhereinSanFranciscobecauseitwasjustonemilefromhere,intheHerbstTheater,wheretheUnitedNationsCharterwassigned66yearsago.Infact,theAPECSummit,whichbringsyouallhereisacelebrationofthatimportantoccasionandarecognitionthathistoryismaderighthereinSanFrancisco.BecauseSanFranciscoisanappropriatevenueforthiseconomicdiscussion.Becausethisisacommunitythatisrenownedforitsspiritofinclusionandopportunityforall.SoonbehalfoftheUnitedStatesandourpeopleIgiveeachofyou,andyounations,myheartiestwelcomeandmyheartfeltthanksforbeinghereandundertakingthisgreatmissionwithus.在本次峰会结束前，我们将在APEC历史上首次通过一项宣言，确认本组织和每个成员经济体对改善妇女获得资本和市场的条件、建设妇女的能力和技能以及支持妇女领袖在公私部门涌现的承诺。这项宣言在旧金山通过是非常合适的，因为66年前联合国宪章（UnitedNationsCharter）就是在离这里还不到两公里的赫伯斯特剧院（HerbstTheater）签署的。事实上，让大家相聚在一起的APEC峰会就是一项庆祝那个重大事件的活动，确认历史就是在这里在旧金山被创造的。因为旧金山是举行这次经济讨论会的恰当地点。因为这是一个以其包容精神和为所有人提供机会而著称的社区。因此，我代表美国和美国人民向你们每一个人和你们的国家表示最衷心的欢迎和感谢，感谢你们前来出席会议并同我们一道承担这一伟大使命。Nowtherewillbeatemptationonthepartofthoseobservingorcoveringthissummit,perhapsonthepartofthoseofusattendingitaswell,tosaythatourpurposeischieflytoadvancetherightsofwomen,toachievejusticeandequalityonwomensbehalf.Andthatis,ofcourse,anoblecausetobesureandonethatisveryclosetomyheart.Butattheriskofbeingsomewhatprovocativeattheoutset,Ibelieveourgoalisevenbolder,onethatextendsbeyondwomentoallhumankind.Thebigchallengewefaceintheseearlyyearsof21stcenturyishowtogrowoureconomiesandensuresharedprosperityforallnationsandallpeople.Wewanttogiveeveryoneofourcitizens,menandwomenalike,youngandoldalike,greateropportunitytofindwork,tosaveandspendmoney,topursuehappinessultimatelytoliveuptotheirownGod-givenpotentials.那些观察或报道这次峰会的人，或许还有峰会的与会者都难免感到有一种倾向，想要说我们的主要目的是推进妇女的权利，为妇女争取正义和平等。毫无疑问，这是一项崇高的事业，一项非常符合我的心愿的事业。但是，我认为或许一开始就有某种夸大之嫌我们的目标要比这更为雄心勃勃，我们的目标不限于妇女而扩及整个人类。我们在21世纪初期所面临的巨大挑战就是如何发展我们的经济，确保所有国家和全人类的共同繁荣。我们要使我们的每一位公民，不论性别和年龄，都能获得更多的机会找到工作、存钱和花钱、追求幸福，最终充分地发挥上帝赋予他们的潜能。That is a clear and simple vision to state. But to make it real, to achieve the economic expansion we all seek, we need to unlock a vital source of growth that can power our economies in the decades to come. And that vital source of growth is women. With economic models straining in every corner of the world, none of us can afford to perpetuate the barriers facing women in the workforce. Because by increasing womens participation in the economy and enhancing their efficiency and productivity, we can bring about a dramatic impact on the competitiveness and growth of our economies. Because when everyone has a chance to participate in the economic life of a nation, we can all be richer. More of us can contribute to the global GDP. And the gap between the developed and the developing countries would narrow significantly as productivity rises in economies from Haiti to Papua New Guinea.这一愿景可以得到明确、简单的阐述。但要实现这一愿景，实现我们大家所寻求的经济增长，则需要开启一个能使我们的经济在未来数十年中获得动力的必不可少的增长源泉。这一必不可少的增长源泉就是妇女。在世界各地各种经济模式都已疲竭的情况下，我们谁都承担不起让劳动大军中的妇女长此以往面临重重障碍的后果。因为通过增加妇女的经济参与并提高她们的效率和生产力，我们就能给我们各经济体的竞争力和经济增长带来巨大的影响。因为当每个人都有机会参加国家的经济生活时，我们大家都可以变得更加富裕。我们中间就有更多人能为全球的国内生产总值作出贡献。随着从海地（Haiti）到巴布亚新几内亚（Papua New Guinea）等各个经济体的生产力的提高，发达国家和发展中国家之间的差距就会大大缩小。But that great, global dream cannot be realized by tinkering around the edges of reform. Nor, candidly, can it be secured though any singular commitment on the part of us here. It requires, rather, a fundamental transformation, a paradigm shift in how governments make and enforce laws and policies, how businesses invest and operate, how people make choices in the marketplace.但是，如果不认真地进行改革，这一伟大的全球梦想就无法实现。这一梦想，坦率地说，也无法通过我们与会者作出的任何单一承诺来实现。要实现这一梦想就必须在政府如何制定和执行法律与政策，公司企业如何投资与经营以及人们如何在市场中做出选择等方面进行一种根本性的改变，一种模式的转变。The transformational nature of this undertaking that lies ahead is, in my view, not unlike other momentous shifts in the economic history of our world. In the 19th century, many nations began moving from an agricultural to an industrial economy. Then the inventions and mass productions of that era gave rise in the 20th century to the information age and the knowledge economy, with an unprecedented rise in innovation and prosperity.这项使命具有改变未来的性质，在我看来，它与我们世界经济历史上的其他重大转变并无两样。在19世纪，许多国家开始从农业经济走向工业经济。而后，那个时代的发明和大规模生产带来了20世纪的信息时代和知识型经济，创新和繁荣出现前所未有的高涨。As information transcends borders and creates opportunities for farmers to bank on mobile phones and children in distant villages to learn remotely, I believe that here, at the beginning of the 21st century, we are entering the participation age, where every individual, regardless of gender or other characteristics, is poised to be a contributing and valued member of the global marketplace.随着信息超越国界，农民有机会通过移动电话处理银行事务，边远村庄的儿童可以远程上学，我相信，在21世纪之初的今天，我们正在进入参与的时代，每一个人，不分性别或其他特征，都有望成为对全球市场有贡献的宝贵成员。In some APEC economies, this transformation has been underway for quite awhile now. In others, it has begun more recently. But in all, progress has been too slow and too uneven. But there is no doubt that the increasing numbers of women in the economy and the rising productivity gains from improving the distribution of their talents and skills has helped fuel significant growth everywhere. And economies that are making the shift more effectively and rapidly are dramatically outperforming those that have not.在一些亚太经合组织的经济体中，这种转型已经进行了相当一段时间。在其他经济体中，最近才刚刚开始。但总的说来，进展太慢、太不平衡。但毫无疑问，越来越多的妇女参与经济以及通过更好地发挥她们的才干和技能而带来生产力的提高，帮助推动了各地经济的大发展。更有效和更迅速地实现这种转变的经济体，大大超过了还未进行这种转变的经济体。So if we are serious about this undertaking, if we really want to achieve parity for women in the workforce, both that they participate and how they participate, then we must remove structural and social impediments that stack the deck against them. Now, I dont urge this because it is the right thing to do, though I believe that it is, but for the sake of our children and our nations, it is necessary to do. Because a rising tide of women in an economy raises the fortunes of families and nations.因此，如果我们认真对待这项使命，如果我们确实希望实现妇女在劳动大军中的平等，包括参与以及如何参与，那么我们必须消除对她们不利的结构性和社会性障碍。我为此而呼吁并不是因为这样做是正确的，虽然我认为这是正确的，而是因为为了我们的孩子和我们的国家有必要这样做。因为经济中妇女大潮的上涨会带来家庭和国家财富的上涨。Now, my husband often says, in making the argument that everyone should be involved, that we dont have a person to waste. I think thats true. When it comes to the enormous challenge of our time, to systematically and relentlessly pursue more economic opportunity in all of our lands, we dont have a person to waste, and we certainly dont have a gender to waste either.就每一个人都应参与这个论点而言，我的丈夫常说，我们不得浪费任何一个人。我认为这是真理。当涉及到我们这个时代的巨大挑战时，为了在我们所有的地方系统地、坚持不懈地追求更多的经济机会，我们不得浪费任何一个人，我们当然也不得浪费任何一个性别的人。So lets look at the evidence. The case for unlocking the potential of women and including them more fully in the economic life of our nations begins with the accounting of how women already are driving growth. The 21 economies of APEC are among the most dynamic in the world. Together, we represent more than half of total economic global output, and more than 60 percent of women in the APEC economies are part of our formal workforces. Theyre opening stores, theyre running businesses, theyre harvesting crops, theyre assembling electronics, and designing software.那么让我们看看真凭实据。要发挥妇女的潜力、把她们充分地包容在我们各国的经济生活中，首先要说明妇女如何已经在推动经济增长。亚太经合组织21个经济体在世界上最具活力。加起来，我们代表了世界经济总产出的二分之一以上，亚太经合组织的经济体中，超过60的妇女是我们的正式劳动大军的一部分。她们开设店铺，她们管理企业，她们收割庄稼，她们组装电子产品、设计软件。The Economist points out that the increase in employment of women in developed countries during the past decade has added more to global growth than China has, and thats a lot. And in the United States, a McKinsey study found that women went from holding 37 percent of all jobs to nearly 48 percent over the past 40 years, and that in sheer value terms, these women have punched well above their weight.经济学人（The Economist）杂志指出，发达国家过去10年里由妇女就业的增加而给全球带来的增长比中国的增长还要多，这个量是很大的。而在美国，一项麦金西研究（McKinsey study)发现，在过去40年里，女性在就业中所占比例从37%增加到近48，从纯粹价值而言，这些妇女发挥了超值的作用。The productivity gains attributable to this modest increase in womens overall share of the labor market accounts for approximately one-quarter of the current U.S. GDP. That works out to more than three and a half trillion dollars, more than the GDP of Germany and more than half the GDPs of both China and Japan.由妇女在劳动力市场总份额上的些微增长而带来的生产力提高约占当前美国国内生产总值（GDP）的四分之一。 这相当于3.5万亿美元以上，超过德国国内生产总值，也超过中国和日本各自国内生产总值的一半。So the promise is clear. What then is the problem? If women are already making such contributions to economic growth, why do we need a major realignment in our thinking, our markets, and our policies? Why do we need to issue a declaration from this summit? Well, because evidence of progress is not evidence of success, and to be sure, the rate of progress for women in the economies of our region varies widely. Laws, customs, and the values that fuel them provide roadblocks to full inclusion.因此，未来的前景很清楚。那么，问题在哪里？如果妇女已经在为经济增长作贡献，为什么我们需要在我们的思维上、我们的市场和我们的政策上作重新重大调整呢？为什么我们需要本次峰会发表一个宣言呢？这是因为，证明进步不等于证明成功，而且确实，我们地区的妇女在经济中的进步幅度相差很大。造成这种状况的法律、习俗和价值观，成为阻止她们全面参与的障碍。In the United States and in every economy in APEC, millions of women are still sidelined, unable to find a meaningful place for themselves in the formal workforce. And some of those who get to enter the workforce are really confined by very clear signals to a lower rung on the job ladder, and theres a web of legal and social restrictions that limit their potential. Or they are confronted with a glass ceiling that keeps them from the most senior positions.在美国和每一个亚太经合组织经济体中，数以百万计的妇女仍然置身局外，无法在正规劳动大军中找到有意义的一席之地。一些得以进入劳动力市场的妇女实际上被非常明确地局限在工作阶梯的下层，现有的各种法律和社会限制犹如网罩，束缚了她们的潜力。或者，她们面临玻璃天花板，无法升入最高职位。Only 11 of the CEOs of the Fortune Global 500 companies are women. Thats less than 3 percent. Some women in the APEC region dont have the same inheritance rights as men. So they cant inherit property or businesses owned by their fathers. Some dont have the power to confer citizenship on their children, so their families have less access to housing and education, and they must constantly renew residency permits making it harder for them to work. Some are even subject to different taxes than men. Too often they are denied access to credit and may even be prohibited from opening bank accounts, signing contracts, purchasing property, incorporating a business, or filing lawsuits without a male guardian. Some women earn almost as much as men before they have children but less afterwards and even less if they are single mothers.财富世界500强企业的首席执行长中只有11位是女性，还不到3。在亚太经合组织地区的一些妇女不享有与男子同等的继承权。因此，她们不能继承父亲拥有的财产或企业。有些妇女无权使子女享有公民权，所以她们的家庭便缺少住房和教育机会，她们必须不断更新居住证件，进而更难以就业。有些人甚至要付与男性不同的税。她们往往得不到信贷，甚至可能被禁止开立银行帐户、签署合同、购置财产、成立公司或在没有男性监护人的情况下提起诉讼。有些妇女在有孩子之前收入几乎与男子相等，但之后收入减少，如果是单身母亲收入就更少。These barriers and restrictions, some formal, some informal, erode womens abilities to participate fully in their economies and to support their families whether as employees or entrepreneurs. Now, these barriers are certainly not unique to this region, the Asia Pacific region. Variations of them can be found everywhere in the world. But because this is the most dynamic economic region in the world, what we do will have an impact on everywhere else.这些障碍和限制，有些是正式的，有些是非正式的，削弱了妇女全身心地参与到她们的经济体中的能力，以及作为雇员或企业家支持她们的家庭的能力。是的，这些障碍当然不是本地区亚太地区所特有的，它们以不同形式存在于世界各地。但是，由于这里是世界上经济最有活力的地区，我们的做法对任何其他地区都将产生重要影响。Some barriers are left over from a different time and havent changed to reflect new economic realities or concepts of justice. Some seek to preserve an economic order that ensures that men have the higher paying jobs to support their families. And some reflect lingering cultural norms, the belief that women need to be protected from work that is thought to be dangerous or unhealthy for them.有些障碍是以前那个不同的时代遗留下来的，它们并未发生改变以反映新的经济现实或公正理念。其中一些试图保留一种经济秩序，以保证男性有收入更高的工作来支持他们的家庭。还有一些则反映出一种遗存的文化观念，认为妇女需要得到保护，不应参与那些被认为是危险的或有害她们健康的工作。In truth, what is dangerous is denying ourselves the level of economic growth we need to build stronger societies. And what is unhealthy is for women to be denied the chance to contribute fully to that growth, because that denies everyone, first and foremost their families, a chance at greater prosperity.事实上，真正危险的是剥夺我们自己参与营建更富强的社会所必需的经济发展的做法。对于妇女来说，真正有害健康的是剥夺她们全身心地参与经济发展的机会，因为那样做就剥夺了每一个人，首先是她们的家人，获得更富足生活的机会。Now, economic orders do not perpetuate themselves. They are made and remade through countless decisions, small and large, by economic policymakers, political leaders, and business executives. So if we want to see opportunities for women improve, we must begin with sound economic policies that explicitly address the unique challenges that limit women. And heres why: A Goldman Sachs report shows how a reduction in barriers to female labor force participation would increase Americas GDP by 9 percent. We admit we still have such barriers. It would increase the Eurozones by 13 percent and they need it and Japans by 16 percent. Unlocking the potential of women by narrowing the gender gap could lead to a 14 percent rise in per capita incomes by the year 2020 in several APEC economies, including China, Russia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Korea.然而，经济秩序并不会自行延续。经济秩序是通过经济决策者、政治领袖和企业主管们所作的无数的大小决策而形成和再形成的。因此，如果我们真希望看到妇女们的机会得到增加，我们就必须首先制定健全的经济政策，切实解决限制妇女机会的独特难题。这是因为：高盛公司（Goldman Sachs）的一份报告显示，减少女性加入劳动大军的障碍可把美国的国内生产总值提高9%。我们承认这类障碍现在仍然是存在的。减少这类障碍可能把欧元区的国内生产总值提高13% 该地区非常需要这样的增长对日本来说，可能获得的增长是16%。到2020年，通过缩小性别差距释放妇女的潜力在几个亚太经合组织经济体中可促使人均收入提高14%，这些经济体包括中国、俄罗斯（Russia）、印度尼西亚（Indonesia）、菲律宾（the Philippines）、越南（Vietnam）和韩国（Korea）。Of course, rising income means increased spending, which in itself helps to fuel more growth. And here, too, women make a strong contribution. A Boston Consulting Group survey concludes that, globally, women will control $15 trillion in spending by the year 2014. And by 2028, BCG says women will be responsible for about two-thirds of consumer spending worldwide.当然，收入的提高意味着消费的提高，这本身又有助于进一步拉动增长。妇女在这方面也能做出巨大的贡献。波士顿咨询集团（Boston Consulting Group）所作的调查得出的结论是：到2014年，全球妇女将控制15万亿美元的消费。BCG认为，到2028年，妇女的消费将占全世界消费总额的大约三分之二。Digging a little deeper into the data, we can see positive benefits that flow from both the quality of spending and the quantity of saving by women because multiple studies have shown that women spend more of their earned income on food, healthcare, home improvement, and schooling for themselves and their children. In short, they reinvest, and that kind of spending has a multiplier effect leading to more job growth and diversified local economies. And that, in turn, can help ensure better educated, healthier citizens as well as provide a cushion in the event of market downturns.深入研究有关数据，我们就能看到妇女的消费质量和储蓄数量的积极效益，因为多项研究已经显示，妇女们把她们的收入更多地用于食物、保健、修整房屋，以及她们自己和子女的教育等方面。简言之，她们把钱用于再投资，那样的消费具有乘数效应促成更高的就业机会增长和多样化的本地经济。而这些又有助于保障公民们的受教育程度更高、健康状况更好，同时还能在经济不景气时提供一个缓冲。The research also shows that women are stronger savers than men. Data does that surprise any of the women in the audience? (Laughter.) Data from 20 semi-industrialized countries suggest that for every one percentage point increase in the share of household income generated by women, aggregate domestic savings increased by roughly 15 basis points. And a higher savings rate translates into a higher tax base as well.这项研究还显示，女性比男性更会存钱。在座的女士会有人感到吃惊吗？（笑声）来自20个半工业化国家的数据显示，妇女挣得的收入在家庭收入份额中每增长一个百分点，国内储蓄总数便会增长大约15个基本点。而更高的储蓄率则意味着更高的税收基数。Integrating women more effectively into the way businesses invest, market, and recruit also yields benefits in terms of profitability and corporate governance. In