9a unit6基础知识点总结.doc

Unit 6一、单词1 detective n. 侦探，警探 p.98 6 2 murderer n. 杀人犯，凶手 p.99 6 3 suspect n. 嫌疑犯 p.99 6 4 occupation n. 职业，工作 p.99 6 5 salesman n. 售货员，推销员 p.99 6 6 medium adj. 中等的 p.99 6 7 cruel adj. 冷酷的，残酷的 p.99 6 8 wanted adj. 被通缉的 p.99 6 9 reward n. 报酬，奖金 p.99 6 10 doorway n. 门口，出入口 p.100 6 11 confirm vt. 证实，确认 p.100 6 12 victim n. 受害者，牺牲品 p.100 6 13 somewhere adv. 在某处 p.100 6 14 particularly adv. 特别，尤其 p.100 6 15 bleed vi. 流血，出血 p.100 6 16 death n. 死，死亡 p.100 6 17 evidence n. 迹象，证据 p.100 6 18 struggle n.&vi. 搏斗，斗争 p.100 6 19 obviously adv. 明显地 p.100 6 20 attacker n. 攻击者 p.101 6 21 bright adj. 聪明的 p.101 6 22 engineer n. 工程师，技师 p.101 6 23 add vt. 补充，增加 p.101 6 24 fingerprint n. 指纹，手印 p.101 6 25 clue n. 线索 p.101 6 26 enemy n. 敌人，仇人，反对者 p.101 6 27 well-paid adj. 收入高的 p.101 6 28 guilty adj. 有罪的 p.101 6 29 crime n. 犯罪，罪行 p.101 6 30 charge vt. 指控，控告 p.101 6 31 break into 强行闯入 p.101 6 32 several adj.&pron. 几个 p.101 6 33 system n. 系统 p.101 6 34 suppose vt. 认为，推断，料想 p.101 6 35 witness n. 证人 p.101 6 36 breathe n. 呼吸 p.101 6 37 heavily adv. 沉重地，猛烈地 p.101 6 38 blood n. 血 p.101 6 39 prove vt. 证明 p.101 6 40 arrest n.&vt. 逮捕 p.101 6 41 against prep. 反对；违反；紧靠 p.102 6 42 law n. 法律 p.102 6 43 gun n. 枪 p.103 6 44 criminal n. 犯罪（的） p.104 6 45 kidnapping n. 绑架，劫持 p.104 6 46 shoplifting n. 冒充顾客在商店行窃 p.104 6 47 theft n. 行窃，盗窃案 p.104 6 48 kidnapper n. 绑架者，劫持者 p.104 6 49 shoplifter n. 冒充顾客在商店行窃者 p.104 6 50 thief n. 窃贼，小偷 p.104 6 51 dare vi&vt. 敢于，胆敢 p.106 6 52 risk n. 危险，风险 p.106 6 53 safety n. 安全，保险 p.106 6 54 if conj. 是否 p.107 6 55 robbery n. 抢劫，抢劫罪 p.109 6 56 robber n. 抢劫者，强盗 p.109 6 57 rob vt. 抢劫 p.109 6 58 queue n. 行列，长队 p.109 6 59 gunshot n. 枪声 p.109 6 60 familiar adj. 熟悉的 p.109 6 61 millionaire n. 百万富翁 p.110 6 62 record n. 记录 p.110 6 63 prison n. 监狱 p.110 6 64 hairdresser n. 理发师，美容师 p.110 6 65 kidnap vt. 绑架，劫持 p.111 6 66 involved adj. 参与，有关联 p.111 6 67 import n.&v. 进口，输入 p.112 6 68 object n.&v. 物品，东西；宾语 p.112 6 69 progress n.&v. 进步 p.112 6 70 suspect vt. 怀疑 p.112 6 71 project vi. 规划；预测；投影 p.112 6 72 necklace n. 项链 p.113 6 73 diamond n. 钻石 p.113 6 74 shocked adj. 正金震惊的 p.113 6 75 jewellery n. 珠宝 p.113 6 76 boss n. 老板，上司 p.115 6二、词组1穿着衣服 be/get dressed in=wear.=be in. = have on像那样打扮be dressed like that 盛装, 打扮, 装饰, 伪装dress up给某人/某人自己穿衣服dress sb./oneself2看见/听见/注意到某人做某事see/hear/notice sb. do sth. （改为被动时要加to）看见/听见/注意到某人正做某事（强调动作）see/hear/notice sb. doing sth. （改为被动时结构不变）3不见了；消失了go missing = be missing = be lost4给某人做笔录/ 做有关某人的笔录make notes on sb.5因某事而被通缉be wanted for sth.6中等高度（个子）medium height7在一家服装店的门口in the doorway of a clothes shop8对（做）某事感兴趣be interested in (doing) sth.9在过去的几年中over/in/during the past few years10流血致死bleed to death11与某人交朋友make friends with sb.12打斗的迹象evidence of a struggle13保持记录keep a record14敢于做某事dare to do sth.15有证据证明.have evidence to prove 16导致.；导向lead to17为.提拱(钱)的奖赏offer a reward of (money) for.18破案（解决犯罪）solve a crime/case19呼吸急促breathe heavily20控告某人某事/.被控告某事charge sb. with sth. /be charged with sth.21闯入.break into22一个衬衫上带有血的人a man with blood on his shirt23吸入/ 送出take .in / send out24不止一个进攻者more than one attacker25用光；耗尽run out26被卷入.；与相关联be involved in.27一份报酬丰厚的工作a well-paid job28下班回家come home from work29有犯罪记录have a criminal record30有偷盗的犯罪记录have a criminal record for theft31一个关于绑架案的报告a report on the kidnapping case32在十月二十八日的早晨on the morning of 28th December33在他妹妹的婚礼上at his sisters wedding34其它的某个地方somewhere else35排队等候wait in the queue36销售量的增长an increase in sales37做某事为了谋生do sth. for a living38在犯罪现场at the scene of the crime在犯罪发生的时候at the time of the crime39在晚上一个人出门go out alone at night40因为某事而被逮捕be arrested for sth. = be under arrest for sth41赶公共汽车catch a bus42向某人报告某事report sth. to sb.43向警方举报某人report sb. to the police.44在他三十五岁左右时in his mid-thirties45在某人50几岁时in ones 50s46对某事/某物很熟悉be familiar with sth.三、句子1. Why are you dressed like that, Eddie?2. This is much more serious. My food has gone missing.3. This person is wanted for murder.这个人因为涉嫌谋杀而被通缉。 4.He was last seen leaving his office in New Town at about 7 p.m. 5.We are particularly interested in hearing form anyone (who saw anything unusual near Upper Street). 6.Detective Lu said that the victim was attacked with a knife and bled to death as a result. 7.There was also evidence of a struggle. 8.Detective Lu said that the victim was guilty of computer crimes in the past. 9.He was charged with breaking into several computer systems over the last year. 10.However, the suspect had evidence to prove that he was at another place at the time of the crime of the crime and insisted that he was not guilty. 11.The victims parents have offered a reward of ￥50,000 for any information (that leads to the arrest of the murderer.) 12.A witness saw a man walking down Upper Street with blood on his shirt. 13.What did you think of our first suspect, Wang Gang?你认为我们的第一个嫌疑犯王刚这个人怎么样？ 14.He seemed (to be) a kind man.他好像是个好人。 15.Tom was charged with robbery. 16.No one knew what he did for a living.没有人知道他做什么事来谋生。 17.Youre under arrested for muder. = You are arrested for murder. 18.She asked if the man (with blood on his shirt) had been involved in the crime.四、语法间接引语引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢? 1. 人称的转变 (口诀：一随主，二随宾，三不变) 人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。 2. 时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下： 直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成进行时或不变现在完成进行时过去完成进行时3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况 (1) 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候。 (2) 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候。 (3) 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” He told us that he went to college in 1994. (4) 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如： He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. (5) 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时。 (6) 当引语是谚语、格言时。 (7) 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water.” The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water. (8) 此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如： Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon. Student: What did the teacher say, Monitor? Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon. 4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化 (1) 时间状语： 直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语nowthentomorrowthe next / following daytodaythat daynext weekthe next/following weekyesterdaythe day beforetwo days agotwo days beforelast weekthe week beforethis weekthat week(2) 指示代词：these 变成those (3) 地点状语：here变成there She said, “I wont come here any more.” She said that she wouldnt go there any more. (4) 动词：come变成go，bring变成take 5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 (1) 陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday.” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that） 此外主句中的谓语还常有： repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如： He said，“Im late because of the heavy traffic.” He explained to us that he was late because of t-he heavy traffic. 如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。 The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.” The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon. (2) 直接引语为一般疑问句， 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. (3) 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror. 如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. (4) 直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如： He asked，“Whats your name?” He asked（me）what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. (5) 直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, orde-r, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如： He said，“Be seated, please.” He asked us to be seated. “Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. He told me to be careful with my handwriting. “Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again. “Dont touch anything in th