1100-week4自学笔记 (2).doc

4th Week1st DayNew WordsAlacrity disdain belligerent intimidate feintAlacritylkrti n. 敏捷；轻快；乐意 briskness agility acumen 敏捷 agility acumen 敏捷的 agile 注意acute是医学上讲的急性的，突发的，猛烈的意思。他的反义词是chronic 慢性的另外还可以当尖锐的讲，锐角 acute angle 钝角obtuse angle优角 reflex angle Disdaindsdenn. 蔑视vt. 鄙弃despise （despite 是其名词，还可以当conj 尽管） Dain- =dign- dignity despicable contempt Belligerentbld()r()nt adj. 交战的；好战的；交战国的 n. 交战国；参加斗殴的人或集团Belligerencebldrns n. 斗争性；好战性；交战Bellicosebelks adj. 好战的；好斗的 bell- 战争Intimidatentmdet vt. 恐吓，威胁；胁迫 overaweFeintfent n. 佯攻；伪装vi. 佯攻；假装vt. 佯攻 adj. 假的Feignfen vt. 假装；装作；捏造；想象vi. 假装；装作；作假；佯作Freight vt. 运送；装货；使充满n. 货运；运费；船货Mullins a K.O. VictimWhen the bell sounded, K.O. Mullins responded with alacrity. He sprang from his stool and charged across the ring, showing disdain for the champions strength. Although this belligerent attitude impressed the referee, it failed to intimidate the champ. That intrepid* battler laid the hapless* Mullins low with an adroit* feint and an uppercut.Feint fent n. 佯攻；伪装 vi. 佯攻；假装 vt. 佯攻 adj. 假的Uppercutpkt vt. 用上钩拳击 vi. 击上钩拳，用上钩拳击 n. 上钩拳Sample SentencesUse the new words in the following sentences.1. Y2K concerns of the January 1st 2000, problems with computers failed to intimidate our company.Y2K concerns 千年虫问题2. The Germans were duped* by the Allies feint toward the south, leaving the way open for the Normandy invasion.3. The waiter moved with alacrity because he perceived* they were big tippers.big tippers 大消费4. His belligerent manner caused him to lose one friend after another.5. When the curtain came down, the critics face registered the disdain she felt for the lackluster* play.Show in ones faceDefinitionsMatch the new words with their meanings.6. alacrity _07_ a. contempt disdain despise despicable（adj.） despite（n./conj.）7. disdain (n.) _10_b. a false attack8. belligerent _08_c. warlike adj. 战争的；好战的；有战争危险的9. intimidate _09_d. to overaweoverawevr vt. 威慑；吓住；使大感敬畏10. feint _06_e. briskness, lively actionTodays Idiomgntlt n. 长手套；（古时士兵戴的）金属护手；夹道鞭笞的刑罚；交叉射击；严酷考验to throw down the gauntlet to challenge someone (when the gauntlet, or medieval glove, was thrown down, the challenger was required to pick it up)The principal of our rival school threw down the gauntlet, and we had no choice but to accept the challenge.2nd DayNew Wordspugnacious promulgate brash scoff belittlepugnaciouspgnes adj. 好斗的，好战的 belligerent aggressivepromulgateprmleit, pruml-v. state or announce 同义词： proclaim exclaimput a law into effect by formal declaration 颁布（法令）；宣传brashbr adj. 无礼的，傲慢的；仓促的，性急的 n. 骤雨；碎片；胃灼热 impudentscoffskf n. 嘲笑；愚弄；笑柄 vt. 嘲笑；嘲弄；贪婪地吃 vi. 嘲笑；嘲弄；狼吞虎咽Mullins Throws Down the Gauntlet*The pugnacious K.O. Mullins demanded a rematch. He took a full-page newspaper advertisement to promulgate his challenge. When the champs manager saw the brash announcement, he accosted* Mullins, who was surrounded by a throng* of newsmen. The manager openly scoffed at Mullins and belittled his fighting ability. Mullins then lost his temper and fearlessly punched the manager, knocking him from his wheelchair.Sample SentencesUse the new words in the following sentences.1. We implored* the faculty advisor to promulgate the requirements for the presidency (支配管理) of the club.2. My mother liked the salesmans brash personality, but he irritated most people. 傲慢的人格3. I dont understand modern art, but I neither loathe* nor scoff at it.4. Since everyone can outpunch my cousin, he cannot afford to be pugnacious.5. Although Ralph cant play, he doesnt hesitate to belittle the efforts of our football team.DefinitionsMatch the new words with their meanings.6. pugnacious _06_ a. quarrelsome7. promulgate _10_ b. to make seem less important8. brash _09_ c. to sneer at9. scoff _08_ d. impudentmpjdnt adj. 无耻的；鲁莽的；放肆无礼的,不要脸的10. belittle _07_ e. to make known officiallyPrudentprdnt adj. 谨慎的；精明的；节俭的Imprudentmprudnt adj. 轻率的，鲁莽的；不小心的Todays Idiomfeeling no paindrunk 喝多了，感觉不到疼Although the party had just begun, after his first drink he was feeling no pain.3rd DayNew Wordstangible laceration castigate sordid octogenariantangible tndbl adj. 有形的；切实的；可触摸的 n. 有形资产 反义词 intangibletangletl n. 纠纷；混乱状态vt. 使纠缠；处于混乱状态 vi. 缠结；乱作一团laceration,lsren n. 裂伤；撕裂；割破 源自 lacerate v. 撕裂castigatekstget vt. 严惩；苛评；矫正；修订 censure（责备）/reprimand severely sordidsddadj. 肮脏的；卑鄙的；利欲熏心的；色彩暗淡的 lacklusteroctogenarianktdnrnn. 八十岁到八十九岁的人 adj. 八十岁到八十九岁的Mullins Forced to Eat Humble Pie* （admit error and apologize）The irate* 80-year-old manager pressed charges against K.O. Mullins, suing him for assault. As tangible evidence of the attack, he pointed to a deep laceration over his eyebrow that had required ten stitches. When the case was brought before the court, the judge castigated Mullins for the sordid incident. In addition to a costly financial settlement, Mullins was required to make a public apology to the octogenarian.Stitchstt n. 针脚，线迹；一针 vt. 缝，缝合 vi. 缝，缝合Sample SentencesUse the new words in the following sentences.1. The medic reached into his kit to find a bandage for the ugly laceration.2. Mr. Dixon belittled* our request for tangible proof of his loyalty.3. The kindly foreman was too reticent (rtsnt adj. 沉默的)* to openly castigate the clumsy new worker.Foreman frmn n. 领班；陪审团主席4. When the teenager announced her engagement to the octogenarian, the public suspected it to be a publicity stunt (stnt n. 噱头，手腕；绝技vt. 阻碍的正常生长或发展vi. 表演特技；作惊人表演).Stun v. 把打昏；使震耳欲聋；使大吃一惊 stunning adj. 极好的；使人晕倒的；震耳欲聋的5. Stories of their sordid youth poured forth from the unhappy felons.* pour forth 倾泻而出 流出DefinitionsMatch the new words with their meanings.6. tangible _06_ a. having actual form7. laceration _08_ b. to correct by punishing8. castigate _07_ c. jagged wound(dd adj. 锯齿状的；参差不齐的)9. sordid _09_ d. dirty, base ()10. octogenarian _10_ e. person in his or her eightiesTodays IdiomHobsons choice to have no choice at all (Mr. Hobson owned a livery stable but he did not allow the customers to pick their own horses) Livery stable n. stable where horses and vehicles are kept for hire 车马出租所Stable boy/ stable man 弼马温 stabling n. 马厩设备；马厩Despite all the talk about democracy in my family, my father usually gives the rest of us Hobsons choice.4th DayNew Wordssolace aspirant dregs frenzy scurriloussolacesls n. 安慰；慰藉；安慰之物 vt. 安慰；抚慰；使快乐 placebo 安慰剂aspirantsparntn. 有抱负的人；野心家 adj. 上进的；有野心的dregsdrg n. 渣滓；沉淀物frenzyfrenz n. 狂暴；狂怒；暴怒vt. 使发狂；使狂怒scurrilousskls adj. 下流的；说话粗鄙恶劣的；无礼的 coarseThe Decline of MullinsMullins sought solace in whiskey. Once a highly respected aspirant for the lightweight crown, he now found himself associating with the dregs of Skid Row.* He would work himself into an alcoholic frenzy in which he would trumpet scurrilous attacks on the champ, the old manager, and the judge. One avid* fight fan attributed Mullins absence from the ring to sickness, saying that he was recovering from a bad case of SCOTCH.Avidvd adj. 渴望的，贪婪的；热心的Trumpettrmpt n. 喇叭；喇叭声 vt. 吹喇叭；吹嘘 vi. 吹喇叭；发出喇叭般的声音Sample SentencesUse the new words in the following sentences.1. Vigilant* censors protect the public from listening to scurrilous language on television.2. The publisher scoffed* at the reports that he was an aspirant for the job of Secretary of State.3. In a frenzy, the teenager overturned every drawer while searching for the car keys.4. At the bottom of the beautiful wine bottle, only the dregs remained.5. In trying to offer solace to the pilots wife, the reporter inadvertently* made the situation worse.DefinitionsMatch the new words with their meanings.6. solace _08_ a. most worthless part7. aspirant _10_ b. coarse(krs adj. 粗糙的；粗俗的；下等的)8. dregs _06_ c. easing of grief9. frenzy _09_ d. wild fit; frantic outburst10. scurrilous _07_ e. candidate for high positionTodays Idiomto rule the roost to be in charge, to be master (a roost is a perch where domestic birds can sleep)Although he is a lowly private in the army, at home he rules the roost.Roostrust n. 栖木；鸟窝；群栖的禽鸟vi. 栖息；安歇 vt. 使栖息；为提供歇息处5th Day ReviewLets see how many of the new words studied during the course of this week you remember. Incidentally, try to keep a record of the many times you find your new words in magazines, newspapers, and books. Before you knew the meanings of those words you probably skipped right over them.In the following quiz, match the best possible definition with the word you have studied. Write the correct letter in the appropriate answer space.Review Words Definitions_t_ 1. alacrity a. scorn belittle_i_ 2. aspirant b. to make afraid overawe_j_ 3. belligerent c. frantic outburst疯狂的爆发 wild fit_k_ 4. belittle d. person of eighty_m_ 5. brash e. to mock; sneer at_n_ 6. castigate f. make public, proclaim_a_ 7. disdain g. pretense pritns借口；虚假；炫耀；自吹sham假装，骗子，赝品pretext借口_p_ 8. dregs h. combative 好战的_g_ 9. feint i. candidate for better job_c_ 10. frenzy j. seeking war, hostile_b_ 11. intimidate k. speak of as unimportant_r_ 12. laceration l. vulgar, using indecent language_d_ 13. octogenarian m. insolent nslnt adj. 无礼的；傲慢的；粗野的；无耻的 impudent_f_ 14. promulgate n. punish, chastise tstaz 惩罚，斥责，责骂_h_ 15. pugnacious o. comfort_e_ 16. scoff p. most worthless part_l_ 17. scurrilous q. able to be touched_o_ 18. solace r. rough cut; jagged wound_s_ 19. sordid s. filthy fli 肮脏的，污秽的, ignoble 肮脏、不光彩的 base abase v._q_ 20. tangible t. quick willingness briskness acumen agilityIdioms_w_ 21. to throw down the gauntlet u. be the boss, lay down the laws_v_ 22. feeling no pain v. under the influence of alcohol_x_ 23. Hobsons choice w. to offer a challenge_u_ 24. to rule the roost x. to have no say in a matterCheck your answers on page 306. Make a record of those words you missed. You can master them with additional review.Words for Further Study Meanings1. _ _2. _ _3. _ _4. _ _5. _ _Sensible Sentences? (From Week 4)Underline the word that makes sense in each of the sentences below.1. We were impressed with the new maid because she cleaned the house with (alacrity, solace).2. All (aspirants, lacerations) for the basketball team must come to practice today.3. Once he was a millionaire, but today he can be found among the (dregs, octogenarians) of society.4. The newspaper specialized in printing the (sordid, brash) details of crime in the city.5. After finding the (pugnacious, tangible) evidence in his drawer, Roger took it to the police.6. The normally (scurrilous, belligerent) police dog was unusually quiet this morning.7. Bobby, who was extremely modest, always (belittled, castigated) his own achievements.8. Treated with (frenzy, disdain) by his stepfather, Artie grew closer to his natural father.9. When the results of the bar exam were (intimidated, promulgated) Adele saw that she had passed handsomely.10. I used to (scoff, feint) at Hanks stories of the fish he had caught, but he made a believer out of me.Treat sb. with frenzy 用暴怒对待某人Wordsearch 4Using the clues listed below, fill in each blank in the following story with one of the new words you learned this week.Want to Run for Office?In recent years, we have seen the phenomenon of incumbent politicians retiring in record numbers. When interviewed, many of them admitted that they had lost their taste for the job because of the abuse to which an aspirant for office is subjected. “My last campaign was a sordid aff