中考题型经典解法及模拟演练系列之单项选择.doc

中考题型经典解法及模拟演练系列之单项选择一、题型突破单项选择是历年来各省市中考英语考查各项基础知识的传统和必考题型之一。其特点是：知识容量大，覆盖面广。它包括语法测试、词汇测试、常识测试和习惯用法测试等，几乎可以包含初中阶段所学的全部内容。单项选择题比较灵活，覆盖面广，这就需要同学们对所学知识进行系统消化，灵活运用。 但近几年单项选择测试由原来的语法型测试逐渐转向以测试学生们的交际能力、语言应变能力、词语运用能力等为主的能力型测试，其变化主要有： 1. 单项选择题加强了对情景交际的考查，注重日常交际用语的表达。2. 单项选择题一般常从词汇、语法、固定词组、特定句式等方面进行考查。3. 一些题型加强了与相关学科的联系，具有浓郁的时代特色，加强了对综合能力和创造能力的考查。4. 要求加强对学生解题技巧的训练，有助于提高单选题的正确率。 二、解题方法1.直接法直接法就是在全面了解和审清题意的前提下，直接从所给选项中确定答案。【范例】Pauls uncle is the man _ taught us math last year.A. where B. which C. who D. when【解析】由先行词是指人的名词the man，故用关系代词who。2. 排除法当你对A、B、C、D四个选项都感到似是而非，不能选出正确答案时，就要采用逐个排除的方法，经过分析把没有被排除的答案定为正确答案，这类试题以涉及词汇知识的试题居多。【范例】How are you feeling today?Much_. I can go to school next week.A. good B. better C. best D. well【解析】 feel是连系动词，故其后跟形容词作表语，可排除D项；much不修饰最高级，但可以修饰比较级故排除C项；由答语“I can go to school next week.”可知现在应该是比以前好多了，可排除A项。故答案为B项。3.比较法运用所学的语法知识，仔细比较所给答案，对其时态、语态、语气、非谓语形式及同义词进行比较，最后选出正确答案。较难的选择题一般都可以采用这种方法。【范例】The 31st Olympic Games_ in Rio de Janeiro in 2016.A. holds B. will hold C. was held D. will be held【解析】根据主语和谓语之间的关系可知该题的语态为被动语态，可排除A、B两个选项；再由时间状语是将来的时间，故用一般将来时，可排除C项，故答案为D项。4.逻辑推理法有些词从语法上看并没有错，但是句意不符合逻辑，因此做这类题时，就需要根据逻辑思维来选择正确答案。【范例】_ you_ your brother can join us. We want one of you.A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also【解析】由“We want one of you.”可知两个人中选择一个加入，故答案为C项。5.习惯判断法有的选择题不能根据语法来选出正确答案，而要根据习惯用法来选出答案。应该掌握的习惯用法很多，平时在学习中要注意记忆和归纳。【范例】The Greens will visit Hainan as soon as they _ to China. A. comes B. come C. came D. will come【解析】as soon as引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时,故选B。6. 推算法有些选择题涉及简单的数学常识，所给的答案从语法上看是对的，要选出这种题的正确答案需要进行推算。【范例】This is Mr. Whites _ visit to Beijing. He has been there twice before.A. two B. second C. three D. third 【解析】由第二个句子“He has been there twice before.”可知怀特先生以前去过两次了，所以这是第三次去，故答案为D项。 7. 常识法有的选择题涉及政治、历史、地理、生活风俗等方面的知识，做这种选择题时，要借助自己了解的有关常识才能选出正确答案。【范例】A camel is_.A. the most interesting animal B. the ship of the desertC. a useless animal D. the most beautiful animal【解析】很多人都知道，因为骆驼非常耐渴，所以人们在沙漠地区常用骆驼代步，骆驼因此被称“沙漠之舟”，故正确答案为B项。8. 关键词法许多题目都有这样一些词，它们对于快速而准确的判定答案起着至关重要的作用，我们称这些词为关键词，找到句中的关键词也就找到了解题的突破口。【范例】I saw Kevin in the supermarket this morning.No, it _ him. He moved to Canada last week.A. can be B. must be C. cant be D. mustnt be【解析】由本题的关键点“He moved to Canada last week.”可知在超市见到的那个人一定不是凯文，故答案为C项。9.前后照应法此法多用于两个以上的句子或对话形式的题目，解题前透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含信息方能找出正确答案。【范例】 _will you come back?In an hour.A. How soon B. How often C. How far D. How long【解析】本题考查特殊疑问词。由答语“In an hour.” 可知特殊疑问词为How soon。故选A。10.交际法此法可联系上下文直接解题。【范例】 Yesterday I won the first place in the 100-meter race.Really? _!A. Congratulations B. Never mindC. That is all right D. Im sorry to hear that【解析】本题主要考查简单交际用语的问答。对别人取得的成功应该表示祝贺，故选A。 模拟演练一1. What do you want to be in the future, Nick? I want to be pilot of the J-15 fighter jet on the Liaoning. It is exciting job. A. a; aB. a; anC. the; anD. a; the2. What do you think of the two mobile phones? of them are very nice. A. EitherB. BothC. EachD. All3. She had to sell the house even though it washer own wishes. A. aboveB. onC. againstD. for4. You bought the car about ten years ago? Yes. its old, it still runs well. A. BecauseB. SinceC. AlthoughD. But5. I feel my stomach terrible. I think I ateat lunch time. A. something badB. something goodC. bad somethingD. good something6. Dad, Ive got an “A” in the math exam. Great. And Im sure you will do better, because this is a good _.A. reportB. resultC. startD. skill7. David, how old is your father this year? . And we just had a special party for hisbirthday last weekend. A. Fortieth; fortyB. Forty; fortyC. Forty; fortiethD. Fortieth; fortieth8. Mrs. Smith has a cute baby. It often smiles at people. A. friendlyB. lovelyC. happilyD. lively9. Many people eatmeat than they did before. Yes, thats why theyre getting fatter and fatter. A. moreB. lessC. fewerD. much10. Have you decided where to go for your summer vacation? Not yet. Wego to Qingdao. It is a good place for vacation. A. mayB. shouldC. needD. must11. good time we had at the party last night! Yes. It wasexciting party that I would never forget it. A. What; soB. How; suchC. What a; such anD. How a; so an12. do you read English newspapers? I read China Daily every day. A. How longB. How soonC. How oftenD. How far13. We shouldntour hope. Everything will be better. A. put upB. cheer upC. fix upD. give up14. A lot of treeson the hill yesterday. A. are plantedB. will be plantedC. have been plantedD. were planted15. I spend much more time playing basketball than Ifor my lessons. A. spend to prepareB. do preparingC. do to prepareD. spend prepare16. When people want to relax themselves, they preferTV or listen to music rather thannewspapers. A. watching; readB. watching; to readC. to watch; readD. to watch; reading17. I havent seen the film where are we going, Dad? (爸爸去哪儿). . A. Neither have IB. So have IC. Neither I haveD. So I have18. Do you know the kid withBob is talking over there? Yes, its my cousin. A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whom19. I cant find Mary. Wheres she? Sorry, I dont know A. where has she beenB. where she has beenC. where has she goneD. where she has gone20. Would you like to attend Chinas Got Talent? But Im busy revising for my test. A. Dont mention it. B. Id love to. C. Thats all right. D. My pleasure. 答案及精析1.【解析】选B。考查冠词。“a/an+单数名词”泛指人或物的类别。辅音音素前用a, 元音音素前用an。job与pilot不是同一物, 不要误以为后面是第二次提到而用the。2【解析】选B。考查不定代词。either“(两者中)任意一个”; both“(两者)都”; each“(三者或者三者以上的)每一个”; all“(三者或者三者以上)都”。根据答句中用be动词are, 可知作主语的是复数, 问句指的是two mobile phones。故选B。3【解析】选C。考查介词辨析。above意思是“在上方(和物体表面不接触)”; on意思是“在上方(和物体表面接触)”; against意为“反对, 违背”; for意为“赞成”。由句意“她不得不卖掉房子, 即使这违背了她自己的意愿”可知选C。4【解析】选C。考查连词。because意为“因为”; since意为“既然; 自从”; although意为“尽管”; but意为“但是”。根据答语句意“是的。尽管它很旧, 但是它仍然跑得很好。”可知选C。5【解析】选A。考查不定代词。不定代词的修饰语放在其后, 故排除C、D选项, 根据句意“我感觉我的胃难受。我认为午餐我吃了不好的东西”可知选A。6【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。report意为“报告”; result意为“结果”; start意为“开始”; skill意为“技能; 技术”。句意: 爸爸, 这次数学测试我得了A。很好。我确信你会做得更好, 因为这是一个好的开始。根据语境可知, 此空应填start, 故选C。7【解析】选C。考查数词。年龄的表达应该用基数词, 但当表示某人第几个生日的时候应该用序数词, 故选C。8【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。副词修饰动词放在动词后面作状语。friendly为形容词意为“友好的”; lovely为形容词意为“可爱的”; happily为副词意为“高兴地”; lively为形容词意为“活泼的, 有活力的”。根据句意可知用副词修饰动词smile, 因此选C。9【解析】选A。考查比较级。根据句中than可知此处应该用比较级。根据答句“是的, 那就是他们变得越来越胖的原因。”可知前一句: 很多人比以前吃的肉多了。故选A。10【解析】选A。考查情态动词。may意为“可能; 可以”, 表示猜测时, 把握性不大; should意为“应该”; need指“需要”; must为“必须; 一定”, 表猜测时把握性较大。由答语句意“还没定下来”和“它(青岛)是个度假的好地方”可知应用may, 故选A。11【解析】选C。考查名词。上半句考查have a good time的用法, 虽然time为不可数名词, 但习惯用法time前仍用冠词a。故A, B错。such修饰名词性短语(即a/an+形容词+名词), so直接修饰形容词。故选择C。12【解析】选C。考查疑问词。how long表示时间或物体的长度; how soon表示多久以后, 一般用将来时; how often表示动作的频率; how far表示距离有多远。由答语中“every day”可知提问频率。故选C。13【解析】选D。考查短语辨析。句意: 我们不应放弃希望。一切都会更好的。put up“举起来, 张贴”; cheer up“使振奋”; fix up“修理”; give up“放弃”。根据句意可知答案为D。14【解析】选D。考查语态及时态。由时间状语yesterday可知, 用一般过去时, 由trees和plant构成被动关系, 可知用一般过去时的被动语态。15【解析】选C。考查句式。用do代替上文的动词spend以避免重复。语境为“相比花时间去准备功课, 我更多时间花在打篮球上”, 故选C。16【解析】选C。考查句式。句意: 当人们想放松自己时, 他们宁愿看电视或听音乐也不愿看报纸。prefer to do. . . rather than do. . . 宁愿做而不愿做。故选C。17【解析】选A。考查倒装句。Neither+系动词(助动词或情态动词)+主语表达否定, 意为“另一者也不”。So+系动词(助动词或情态动词)+主语, 表示“另一者也”。根据前句句意“我从没看过电影爸爸去哪儿。”可知, 答语为“我也没看过”, 故选A。18【解析】选D。考查定语从句。定语从句修饰kid, kid是人且其关系代词在定语从句中作talk with的宾语, 所以应用“whom”。19【解析】选D。考查宾语从句。宾语从句必须是陈述语序, 排除A、C。have been to指“去过”; have gone to指“去了”, 即不在说话者所在地。根据答语句意“对不起, 我不知道她去了哪儿。”可知选D。20【解析】选B。考查情景交际。Dont mention it. 意为“不要提它”; Id love to意为“我愿意”, 回答Would you like. . . ? 的问句; Thats all right意为“没关系”; My pleasure意为“没关系; 不客气”。句意: 你想参加中国达人秀吗? 我想参加。但是我忙着温习准备考试。很明显应该是“我愿意”。故选B。模拟演练二1. What can I do for you? I want iPad for my daughter. She needs . A. an; oneB. a; oneC. an; itD. a; it2. I will buy you a new bike if you learn how to swim this summer. Is that a ? Im sure Ill get the bike. A. chanceB. promiseC. trickD. treat3. was born being good at all things. You can do well in things through hard work. As an English learner, you cant be excellent without enough practice. A. EverybodyB. SomebodyC. NobodyD. Anybody4. Not only the young but also the old are getting interested WeChat (微信). They can communicate more freely. A. byB. aboutC. inD. for5. Its one of the things in the world to stay with friends. I agree. It always makes us relaxed. A. worseB. happiestC. busiestD. hardest6. This city is beautiful all the year round, in winter. Ice lanterns decorate streets and attract plenty of tourists. A. especiallyB. generallyC. probablyD. mainly7. How old is your daughter? . We had a surprising party for her birthday last Saturday. A. Twelve; twelfthB. Twelfth; twelveC. Twelve; twelveD. Twelfth; twelfth8. Its quite warm in the room. Why not your coat? A. pick upB. put offC. take offD. give away9. How long have youthe book? For about two years. A. boughtB. hadC. borrowedD. lent10. This bookLucys. Look! Her name is on the book cover. A. must beB. may beC. cant beD. mustnt be11. Neither the students nor the teacherthe solution to the problem. A. knowB. knowsC. dont knowD. doesnt know12. Lily and I will go to the old peoples home this weekend. . Can I join you? A. So will IB. So I willC. So do ID. So I do13. Is Tom at home? No, heto town. A. has beenB. has goneC. goesD. will go14. Im sleepy. I preferat home to going out for a walk. A. sleepingB. to sleepC. sleptD. sleep15. You cant take photos if you see the sign. 16. great picture! Who painted it? A. HowB. WhatC. How aD. What a17. How soon will you start your journey? Im not sure. I havent decided. A. when shall I ask the boss for leaveB. whether I would go by train or by planeC. where I will go to spend the holidayD. who could invite me to go18. The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it. A. inventsB. inventedC. is inventedD. was invented19. Boys and girls, calm down and focus on the test paperyou begin to think about the answers. Be confident. You can do it! A. as ifB. althoughC. as soon asD. unless20. Why not go to Lao She Teahouse tonight? . A. It doesnt matterB. Thank youC. Sorry to hear thatD. Sounds great答案及精析1【解析】选A。考查冠词和代词。iPad以元音音素开头用an, 上文出现一个事物, 下文再次出现类似事物(同类物品)表示泛指时, 应用one。2【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。chance“机会”; promise“许诺”; trick“把戏”; treat“治疗”。由上句句意“如果你今年夏天学会游泳我就给你买一辆新的自行车。”可知这是一个许诺, 故选B。3【解析】选C。考查代词。由后两句“你可以通过努力学习做好事情。作为一名英语学习者, 没有足够的练习你不可能很优秀。”可推知第一句为“没有人一出生就擅长所有的事情”, 故选C。4【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。句意: 不仅年轻人而且老年人对微信都感兴趣。(利用微信)他们可以更自由地交流。get(be)interested in为固定短语, 意为“对感兴趣”。5【解析】选B。考查形容词最高级。句意: 和朋友们在一起是世界上最快乐的事情之一。我同意。那总是使我们放松。根据句中的in the world判断使用最高级, 再根据句意判断使用形容词happy的最高级。6【解析】选A。考查副词。especially“尤其”; generally“一般地; 通常”; probably“可能”; mainly“主要地”。由句意“这个城市全年都很漂亮, 尤其是在冬季。冰灯装饰着大街, 吸引很多游客。”可知A项符合题意。7【解析】选A。考查数词。12岁, 用基数词表示, 12岁的生日, 用序数词表示。所以选择答案A。8【解析】选C。考查短语。句意: 房间里很暖和。为什么不脱下你的外套呢? pick up表示“捡起”; put off表示“推迟”; take off表示“脱下”; give away表示“赠送”, 由此可知, 选项C最恰当。9【解析】选B。考查动词。答语表示一段时间, 所以问句中的动词应当是一个延续性动词, 故答案为B。10【解析】选A。考查情态动词。根据“看! 书本的封面上有她的名字。”可以判断出, 此处应当表示“一定是”, 故答案为A。11【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。“neither. . . nor. . . ”表示否定意义, 其谓语动词应当用肯定形式。本句中的the teacher为单数形式, 根据“就近”原则可知, 答案为B。12【解析】选A。考查句式。句意: 我和莉莉这周末要去敬老院。我也要去。我能加入你们吗? 表示情况相同的肯定陈述句要用so倒装句。由于上句用的是将来时, 下句也该用将来时, 故答案为A。13【解析】选B。考查时态。根据“他已经去镇里了。”可知此处应当表示“已经去了某地方, 现在不在说话者说话的地方”, 故用have/has gone to结构。14【解析】选A。考查动词。prefer doing sth. to doing sth. “比起做某事, 更喜欢做某事”。所以选择A。15【解析】选B。考查常识。根据“不准拍照”可知, 选项B最符合题意。16【解析】选D。考查感叹句。感叹句的构成: What+(a/an)形容词+名词+主语+谓语! How +形容词+主语+谓语! great picture为可数名词短语单数, 前用what a, 故答案应选D。17【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序, 由语境知从句应用一般将来时, 故选C。18【解析】选D。考查语态。句意: 自从手机发明后, 它在很大程度上影响了人们的生活。由句意可知, 空白处应当用一般过去时, 手机与动词invent在逻辑上是被动关系, 所以用一般过去时的被动语态。19【解析】选C。考查连词。as if“好像”; as soon as“一就”; although“虽然, 尽管”; unless“除非”。由空格所在句意“你一开始考虑答案的时候就要保持平静并将精力集中在试卷上”可知C项符合题意。20【解析】选D。考查情景交际。A项表示“没关系”; B项表示“谢谢”; C项表示“听到那事很遗憾”; D项表示“听起来好极了”。问句意为“今天晚上为什么不去老舍茶馆呢? ”这是邀请, 在回答时, 应委婉地拒绝或答应。由此知D项符合语境。模拟演练三1. My son seldom hasbreakfast. It isunhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it. A. /; anB. the; anC. /; aD. the; a2. Could you record the football game for me? I can watchlater. A. thisB. oneC. itD. that3. I really enjoyed your speech, there were some parts I didnt quite understand. A. becauseB. forC. untilD. though4. Would you like some juice or bread? . Im really thirsty and hungry after such a long walk. A. BothB. EitherC. NothingD. None5. Aboutof the students in Grade Nine this year were born in the. A. three five; 1996B. three fifths; 1990sC. third fifth; 1997D. third fifths; 1990s6. Could you tell me how to remember new words quickly? Yes, I think a(n)tree can help you a lot. A. grammarB. equationC. punctuationD. vocabulary7. Jim, would you please tidy up your room by yourself? , you are no longer a child. All right, Im coming. A. First of allB. After allC. As a resultD. For example8. Do you consider yourself a rude person? not. I always have good manners. A. ProbablyB. UsuallyC. GenerallyD. Certainly9. I didnt buy the second-hand book because the seller wantedmoney than I had expected. A. lessB. leastC. mostD. more10. Our math teacherin our school for 20 years and hehere when he was 25 years old. A. taught; comesB. taught; cameC. has taught; cameD. teaches; will come11. If our governmentattention to controlling food safety now, our healthin danger. A. wont pay; isB. doesnt pay; isC. doesnt pay; will beD. wont pay; will be12. How about climbing the hill? I would ratheralong the river thanthe hill. Im a bit tired. A. walk; climbB. walking; climbingC. walking; to climbD. walk; to climb13. Dick, I use your e-dictionary? Yes, please. you give it to Mike after you use it? A. will; WouldB. may; MightC. can; CouldD. shall; Should14. You havent been to the West Lake, have you? . But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation. A. No, I haventB. No, I didntC. Yes, I haveD. Yes, I did15. In order to eat safely, I think wemake some food by ourselves instead of buying some. A. used toB. prefer toC. had betterD. is supposed to16. weather! Its raining! Bad luck! We cant go climbing today. A. What badB. How badC. What fine17. As the curtain, the famous singer came out. The fansand screamed with excitement. A. was raised; roseB. had been raised; were raisedC. rose; were raisedD. had risen; raised18. There will be a flower show in the parkwe visited last week. A. whoB. whenC. whatD. which19. May I come in? Im sorry Im late. Come in, please. But could you tell me? A. how do you come to schoolB. what were you doing thenC. who you talked withD. why you are late20. Will you please sing for the sick at the city hospital to cheer them up? . A. Excuse me. Im afraid notB. Its very kind of youC. Certainly. Ill be glad toD. Im sorry to hear that答案及精析1【解析】选A。考查冠词。三餐、四季前一般不加冠词, 故排除B、D。“a”用在以辅音音素开头的词前; “an”用在以元音音素开头的词前。排除C, 故选A。2【解析】选C。考查代词。句意: 你能把足球比赛给我录下来吗? 我能晚一会儿看它。指代前面提到的事情常用it。故选C。3【解析】选D。考查连词辨析。because“因为”; for作连词也是“因为”; until“直到”; though“虽然”。句意: 我的确喜欢你的演讲, 尽管有些部分我不是很懂。所以选择答案D。4【解析】选A。考查不定代词。none表示三者或三者以上都不, 根据句意可以排除D。根据“Im really thirsty and hungry after such a long walk. ”可知“我”真的又渴又饿, 所以饮料和面包两者都要, 故选A。5【解析】选B。考查数词。句意: 今年大约有五分之三的九年级学生出生在二十 九十年代。分数的分子用基数词, 分母用序数词。分子大于一时, 分母序数词加s。表示年代的要在后面加“s”。6【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。grammar意为“语法”; equation意为“方程”; punctuation意为“标点”; vocabulary意为“词汇”。根据上句“你能告诉我怎样快速记住新单词吗? ”可知选D。7【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。first of all意为“首先”; after all意为“毕竟”; as a result意为“结果”; for example意为“例如”。句意: 吉姆, 请自己把房间整理好好吗? 你毕竟不再是小孩子了。好的, 我这就来。8【解析】选D。考查副词。句意: 你认为自己是一个粗鲁的人吗? 当然不是。我总是很有礼貌的。probably“可能”; usually“通常”; generally“一般; 广泛地”; certainly“一定”。9【解析】选D。考查形容词的比较级。由句子后面的than可知前面要用比较级, 而选项中的A、D是比较级, B、C是最高级, 根据句意“我没买那本二手书, 因为商人要的价比我想象的更多。”可知选择答案D。10【解析】选C。考查时态。第一句指到现在已经20年, 因此用完成时态; 第二句有确切的过去时间状语, 因此用一般过去时。11【解析】选C。考查if引导的条件状语从句。if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时表示将来, 主句使用一般将来时。句意: 现在如果我们的政府不注意控制食品安全, 我们的健康将会很危险。12【解析】选A。考查动词不定式。would rather do. . . than do. . . “宁愿做而不做”是固定用法, 其中的do是省略to的动词不定式。13【解析】选C。考查情态动词。选项中will, shall, 一般用将来时态; 向别人请求许可用can, may。14【解析】选A。考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句要根据实际情况回答。根据答句“但是我打算这个暑假与我父母去那里。”可判断还没有去。反意疑问句是现在完成时态, 回答也应该用现在完成时态。故选A。15【解析】选C。考查短语辨析。句意: 为了吃得安全, 我想我们最好不要买而是自己做饭。used to“过去常常”; prefer to“更喜欢”; had better“最好”; be supposed to“应该”, 结合句意选择C。16【解析】选A。考查感叹句。感叹句的结构为: What a/an+adj. +名词+主语+谓语! What +adj. +不可数名词或者可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语! How+adj. +主语+谓语! weather是不可数名词, 用what修饰, 排除B; 根据答语中Bad luck! 可知天气很糟糕, 故选A。17【解析】选D。考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词the park是物, 在定语从句中充当的是visited的宾语, 因此用关系代词which或that