美丽中国中英文字幕 第05集 熊猫之地 Land of the Panda.doc

美丽中国（Wild China）第五集 熊猫之地 Land of the Panda双语对照文本字幕北有长城的庇护 Protected by the Great Wall in the north南得长江黄河的滋润灌溉 and fed by the Yellow and Yangtse rivers中国东部的心脏地带 Chinas eastern heartland成为了五千年中华文明 is the center of a flourishing civilization繁荣发展的核心 which spends more than 5 000 years对外来者而言 To outsiders这是一块神秘的土地 this is a mysterious land夺目的人造建筑屹立在这里 It contains dazzling man-made structures这儿也是中国最稀有最具魅力的 and its home to some of Chinas rarest动物之家 and most charismatic creatures居住在这块土地上的 The people who live here汉族人 the Han Chinese是世界上人口最多的民族 comprise the largest ethnic group in the world他们的语言 and their language普通话 Mandarin是世界上最古老以及使用最广泛的语言 is the worlds oldest and most widely spoken language在过去的五十年 In the last 50 years中国已经取得了长足的发展 China has seen massive development同时也带来了诸多环境问题 bringing many environmental problems中国人 but the relationship of the Chinese与自然环境间的关系 to their environment and its creatures是如此的深刻 is in fact deep复杂与非凡 complex, and extraordinary在这期节目中 In this program我们将探寻这种古老的关系以及 well look for clues to this ancient relationship以及他对中国未来的意义 and what it means for the future of China我们的旅程将从中国的心脏启航 Our journey starts at the very heart of China北京 Beijing中国的首都是一座巨大的城市 Chinas capital is a vast metropolis供养着1500万人口 home to 15 million people这座熙熙攘攘的现代都市似乎 This bustling modern city seems an unlikely place与传统信仰和习俗无缘 for traditional beliefs and customs在现代的浮华外表之下 but beneath the contemporary veneer依稀可以窥探到远古中国的身影 its possible to see glimpses of a far older China每一个早晨 Every morning人们汇聚到紫禁城附近的公园里 people head to the parks around the Forbidden City延续一种保持了数个世纪的传统 to continue a custom which is centuries old许多中国人把鸟儿当作自己的伙伴 Many Chinese keep birds as companions尤其喜欢一种来自中国南方的画眉鸟specifically a type of laughing thrush from southern China养鸟的人知道把鸟关在笼子里 But they know that cooped up indoors鸟儿也许会变得消沉 birds may become depressed因此他们试图让鸟儿们也高兴起来 so they try to brighten their day通过让鸟儿们聚会的这种方式 by meeting other birds北京的中心上演了出人意料的一幕 This surprising scene in the heart of modern Beijing从中可以发掘到远古中国心灵的渴望 is a clue to Chinas oldest spiritual ambition那就是人与自然的和谐共存 the harmonious coexistence of man and nature但是在1950年前 But from the 1950s onwards这种古老的信仰被残酷的践踏 this ancient belief was to be severely challenged外国的侵略势力对中国持续了近一个世纪的粗暴干涉 After a century of humiliation and intervention并使中国蒙辱 by foreign powers毛泽东追求重塑中国的尊严 chairman Mao sought to rebuild Chinas dignity毛主席坚信自力更生 Mao believed strongly in self-reliance依靠丰富的自然资源来达成这一目标 achieve through using all of natures resources毛主席首先关心的是中国人的吃饭问题 Maos first concern was to feed the Chinese people将尽可能多的土地 by turning as much land as possible转化为耕地 over to grain production清除了非谷类作物 destroying non-cereal crops并将成行的果树连根拔起 and uprooting fruit trees in the process一场歼灭麻雀的战役导致了恰恰相反的结果 A campaign to eliminate crop-raiding sparrows backfired捕食昆虫的鸟竟然也成为了攻击对象 when insect-eating birds were also targeted病虫害在所难免 causing an increase in insect pests自力更生大炼钢铁的结果 Efforts to make China self-reliant in steel导致了百分之十的森林被砍伐 resulted in 10% of the countrys forests being felled在熔炉中焚烧殆尽 to feed the furnaces除四害 大炼钢铁对中国的环境造成了巨大的影响 This had a profound impact on Chinas environment其中有些影响一直持续至今 with effects in some cases lasting until the present day毛主席关于农村的政策 Maos policy towards the countryside一言以蔽之： has been described in the phrase人定胜天 man must conquer nature完全有别于古老观念中所述的 quite different from the ancient concept人与自然和谐相处 of harmonious co-existence with nature由于现代中国与外部世界的交流更加频繁 As modern China engages with the outside world这种观点似乎占据了主导地位 which of this attitude seems likely to prevail为了找到答案 To find the answers我们的旅途将深入到中国的心脏地带 well travel to far reaches of the heartland去了解一下哪儿的传统文化以及独特的生物 to see how its traditional cultures and unique creatures在今天的处境 are faring today北京一直以来都依赖着中国的北部平原 Beijing has always depended on the North China Plain这块肥沃土地接近英国国土面积的两倍 a rich farm land twice the size of the UK北部平原的肥沃起源于更远的 The fertility of this plain derives from further west西部的黄土高原 from the Loess Plateau黄土高原的富矿土壤 The mineral-rich soil of the Loess plateau难以置信的富饶 is incredibly fertile人们已经在这儿生活了数千年 People have lived here for thousands of years在软土中抠建而成了他们的住所 hollowing their homes out of the soft soil窑洞也许缺乏北京一样的魅力 The caves might lack glamour of Beijing对这儿的人们来说却是生活的一部分 but people can survive here不但温暖而且安全 warm, secure, but best of all最好的是能够吃得饱 well fed作为耕作了数个世纪的结果 As a result of centuries of farming大地被刻下了深深的印迹 the landscape has become scarred密布着数千条被水冲蚀而成的沟渠 with thousands of water-worn gullies但是这种壮观的冲蚀结果 But this spectacular erosion却带来了一个意想不到的好处 has had an unexpected benefit席卷沟渠的水流 The streams which drain the gullies夹杂着肥沃的黄色土壤 carry the fertile yellow soil流进了黄土高原的一条较大的河流里 into the plateaus major river汉族人把这条河称为 known to the Han people中华文明的母亲河 as the mother of Chinese civilization这就是黄河 This is the Yellow River每一年 Each year黄河夹带着数十亿吨的泥沙 the Yellow River carries billions of tons of sediment从黄土高原奔流而下 from the Loess plateau往东流向中国心脏地带的耕地 eastwards to the crop fields of the Chinese heartland历史上桀骜不驯的黄河 Historically, the Chinese relationship with the river曾多次泛滥 has been uneasy泥沙大量积聚在河床上 Sediment, building up on the riverbed导致了黄河周期性的溃堤 has caused the Yellow River to burst its bank periodically释放了毁灭性的洪水 unleashing devastating floods无情地吞没了数百万计的生命 resulting in millions of deaths但却被水渠和堤坝所驯服 But when tamed with dykes and channels黄河的丰饶孕育了一方水土 the rivers bounty is legendary即使如今 Even today中国半数的小麦 half of Chinas wheat来自黄河流域的漫滩 comes from the Yellow River floodplain千百年来 富含沉积物的黄河 For thousands of years, the sediment-rich Yellow River支撑了中国心脏地区的繁荣 has underpined the prosperity of the Chinese heartland但日益增长的生活与生产需求 But increased demand for water by people and industry使得黄河水量骤减 面临干涸的危机 now threaten to run the river dry黄河河滩肥力的源头 And the source of its fertility黄土高原却依旧沉浸在危机之中 the Loess Plateau is also under threat因耕作而日益 Loosened by cultivation疏松的表土在不断流失 its soft soil is blowing away中国北部平原忍受着沙尘暴的侵袭 The North China Plain is choked with dust storms沙尘暴甚至逼近北京 that even loom over Beijing以至于 So much so中国政府不得不 that the Chinese government将提高城市空气质量视为 has made improving the citys air quality a priority举办奥运会前的整顿重头 in the run up to the Beijing Olympics中国中部地区的生命支持系统问题重重 Heartland Chinas life-support system is in trouble然而在一些地区 yet, in a few places依旧存留着最后的处女地 its still possible to find landscapes that appear to have remained untouched在中国北方平原的南部边界 At the southern edge of the North China Plain坐落着秦岭 lie the Qinling Mountains1500公里的蜿蜒崎岖 At 1500km long宛如横穿中国的脊梁 they run like a backbone through the middle of China深山中隐藏着 Deep within the mountains偏僻幽寂的山谷与森林 is a maze of remote valleys and forests这里是那些神奇生命的乐土 home to strange and wonderful creatures这些金丝猴 These are Golden Snub-nosed Monkeys是中国的特色物种 a species unique to China他们通常“但闻其声不见其影” Seldom seen, they are frequently heard那独特的婴啼般的叫声和出众的外表Their strange child-like calls and extraordinary appearance成就了当地人有关 may have inspired the local tales深山雪人的传说 of yeti-like wild man of the mountain冬天气温降至-10C As winter temperatures drop to -10C他们浓密的毛发起到了保暖的作用 their dense fur keeps them warm互相修理毛发不仅有助于保持 Mutual grooming not only keeps that precious fur宝贵毛发的良好状态 in good condition同时有助于增进成员间的关系 but also helps to reinforce bonds within the troop在夏天,猴子成群活动 In summer, the monkeys go around in huge bands但是在每年的艰苦时期 but at this lean time of the year它们分裂成了更小的队伍搜寻食物 they split up into smaller foraging parties隆冬时期 In the dead of winter猴子们被迫在石头中搜寻食物 the monkeys are forced to rummage around the rocks只能找到很少的地衣和苔藓 for a few meager morsels of lichen and moss随着猴子居住地方周围的世界 As the world surrounding their mountain home充满城镇和农田的时候 has filled up with towns and croplands西藏扁鼻猴的居住地 the snub-nosed monkeys habitat发生了显著的变化 has changed dramatically现在,只剩下一万只猴子了 Today, there are just 10 000 left in existence对于住在秦岭的人来说 To the people who live in the Qinling mountain森林和野生动物是能被利用的资源 the forest and its wildlife are a resource to be used这些资源是人们生活的保障 the basis of their livelihood那些人和更神秘的居民 These people share the forest分享森林资源 with an even more illusive inhabitant它们可能是中国最著名的动物 Its probably Chinas most famous animal但是很少人看到过它们 but very few have ever seen it与猴子不同的是 Unlike the monkeys这种生物有很独特的食性 this cerature has a very specific diet竹子 bamboo这是野生大熊满 Its a wild Giant Panda由于对声音敏感 Secret and sensitive to noise大熊猫经常离开 the giant panda is often gone以免有任何东西靠近它 before anyone going get close to it中国人认识熊猫已经很久了 The panda has long been known in China两千多年前的字典上边就提到过熊猫It was mentioned in dictionaries more than 2000 years ago据说御花园还曾经养过熊猫 and the imperial garden is said to have housed one在茂密的竹林里 In the dense bamboo of the forest熊猫很少见到同类 one panda rarely sees another所以,它们通过特殊的气味联系 Instead, they communicate by subtle scent signals熊猫身长1.5米,体重135千克 At 1.5m long and 135 kilos, the giant panda熊猫属于熊科 is a member of the bear family但是那是这种分类方法 But its bear-like digest system是按照食肉方法分的,不是按吃韧性纤维分的is built for eating meat, not this tough fibrous stuff更糟的是 And to make matters worse竹叶冻住了 the bamboo leaves are frozen solid但是熊猫发明了一个巧妙的方法 But the panda has devised a cunning way来把冰弄掉 of breaking the ice off它用鼻子把冰蹭掉 It rubs the bamboo over its snout不像其他熊类 Unlike other bears熊猫不能通过冬眠 the panda cant fatten itself up and hibernate来度过冬天 through the winter竹子的能量很低 Bamboo is so low in energy熊猫不得不把大量时间放在吃上 that the panda must spend most of the day eating一旦一个地方的竹子吃完了 Once it has exhausted one area熊猫必须继续前进到另一个地方 it must move on to the next熊猫的爪子也与熊爪有很大的不同 The pandas paw is surprisingly unbearlike too熊猫的爪子很灵活 Its flexible熊猫腕骨很大,能准确地抓住 with an enlarged wrist bone which allows it to grasp并灵活地控制竹子 but maneuver the bamboo with dexterity and precision令猴子都羡慕 that a monkey would be proud of把竹叶弄成雪茄形状 Twisting the bamboo leaves into a cigar shape便于它们咀嚼 makes them easier to munch饥饿的熊猫曾流浪在 Hungry pandas once roamed广阔丰饶的竹林当中 across vast tracks of bamboo-rich forest这些竹林曾覆盖中国的中心地带 that covered much of Chinas heartland但是自从20世纪50年代以后 But since the 1950s伐木破坏了秦岭地区的山林 logging has fragmented the Qinling mountain forests剩下的熊猫局限在 Its remaining wild pandas are now confined剩下的独立的地方生活 within isolated reserves在过去的50年里 In the last 50 years中国的中心地带受到已经沙漠化 Chinas heartland has been subjected干涸的河流和被伐的森林 to desertification, drying rivers and deforestation影响了人类和野生动物 affecting not only people, but wildlife too中国人和周围的 The relationship between the Chinese people环境 and their environment似乎失去了平衡 appears bo be out of balance如果我们再深究一下 but if we dig a little bit deeper就会发现即使在今天 仍然有着 there are some surprising and intimate connections令人惊奇的密切联系 even today那些与自然联系的线索 Clues to the nature of these links可以从日常生活中发现 can be found in everyday life即使在中国首都的中心 even in the centre of Chinas capital city在北京的公园里 In the parks of Beijing鸳鸯时刻关注着自己的孩子 mandarin ducks keep a close watch over their young中国人相信它们终生守候在一起 Believed by the Chinese to pair for life几百年以来他们都被看做 they have been seen for centuries as a symbol爱与忠诚的象征 of love and fidelity人们认为那些鸟儿的形象 Images of these birds are believed可以增进人际关系 to improve personal relationships因此 As a result北京的鸳鸯得到了妥善的保护 Beijings mandarin ducks are highly protected北京古老胡同的小巷 The alleyways of the capitalss ancient hutongs是很多不同生物的家园 are home to a very different kind of creature每天,周国光都要 Each day, Zhou Guoguang照料他那一窝鸽子 tends his brood of pigeons这一两个小时他可以远离 his chance to escape the pressures of city life城市生活的压力 for an hour or two在屋顶上 Up here on the rooftops周国光相信他的鸽子能够被安全的照料 Zhou is confident his charges will be safe但鸽子要是在下边的街上觅食 but in the streets below就潜藏着被偷偷带走的危险 lurk dangerous spirits that scavenge and steal胡同的深处 Deeper into the hutongs极少受到现代北京的影响 the influence of modern Beijing recedes那些巷子充满了古老的传说 These alleys are full of ancient beliefs夜幕降临 As night falls藏在深处的动物开始活动了 spirits emerge from their hiding places黄鼠狼 The Yellow Weasel一些人认为 Some people believe冒犯这些狡猾的肉食动物 that offending this crafty predator能带来坏运气 can bring bad luck所以对黄鼠狼晚上的活动 so they turned a blind eye人们睁一只眼闭一只眼 to the weasels night-time marauding旧的观念 Old beliefs连同逐渐增强的保护意识 coupled with a rising awareness of conservation使得黄鼠狼 are helping the yellow weasels survive能在北京城生存 in the middle of Beijing尽管人们还在猎杀残存的鸽子 despite killing the odd pigeon在中国的南部 In the south of China人与自然的关系似乎更加严峻 the relationship with nature appears more brutal广东人因其食物多样性而闻名 Cantonese cuisine is famous for its diversity俗话说得好 summed up in the saying“四条腿的唯桌子不吃” well eat anything on 4 legs, except a table尽管中国政府取缔 And though the government has banned猎食野生动物 the consumption of wildlife in China这里的许多肉来自 and most of the meat here人工饲养的动物 comes from captive-bred animals但仍有相当数量的肉 非法取自野生动物 a significant amount is taken illegally from the wild这家香港餐馆专供蛇肉 This restaurant in Hongkong specializes in serpents大多数蛇是无毒的捕鼠蛇 Most are harmless rat snakes但菜单上也有罕见的眼镜蛇 but with the odd cobra on the menu一失足就可能招致麻烦 one false move could spell trouble曹凯玲数不清有多少次 Chau Ka-Ling has lost count of the number of times被蛇咬过了 shes been bitten所以她总是带着中草药 so she always carries a Chinese herbal remedy以防万一 just in case选择这种奇怪的食物 We might turn our noses up我们可以嗤之以鼻 at such a strange choice of food但是吃蛇肉不仅仅是品尝 but eating snakes is more than just a matter of taste广东人相信吃蛇肉可以净化血液 the Cantonese believe it can help to clean the blood增强活力 increase vitality美化皮肤 and beautify the skin在这样拥挤的地方 In such a crowded land用很少的消耗遍吃百物的传统 a tradition of eating everything with very little waste可能被看做值得称赞的节俭 could be seen as commendable thrift问题是中国南方有这么多人 The problem is that there are so many people在食用野生动物 eat