1991-10语法讲解.doc

1991年10月语法题1.- a lonely and rugged life, far from home and family.(A)Wherever the early prospector lived (B)The early prospector lived(C)Not only did the early prospector live(D)The early prospector living答案：B测试点：主谓结构分析：逗号后为一短语，逗号前应是句子句子主谓语均缺，应在答中选择主语牛动词的形式，即阗)(A)(C)为从句；(D)无谓语动词2.Helium is - all gases to liquefy and is impossible to solidify at normal air pressure.(A)more than difficult(B)the most difficult of (C)more difficult of(D)most difficult答案：B测试点：最高级分析：形容词的最高级由the+most+原级构成，故选(B)解题要点：见到空格后有all或of all这类词出现，应想到要用最高级。可在答案中首先排除含有more或more than等词的比较级形式，如(A)(C)3.Every year Canadian - about 75 percent of their exports to the United States.(A)businesses that sell(B)selling businesses(C)businesses sell(D)that sell to businesses答案：C测试点：主谓结构分析：本句空格前有定语而主语、谓语均缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式，即 (C)(A)(D)含that从句；(B)无可作谓语的动词4.An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was - a traveling company.(A)to form the first (B)the first to form(C)who formed the first(D)forming the first答案：B测试点：习语词序分析：The firstto do是固定结构，表示顺序、名次，属TOEFL常考题型5.When water freezes in the cracks of rocks, - expands, causing the rocks to break apart.(A)it(B)but (C)then(D)and答案：A测试点：主语。分析：空格前为when引导的从句，从句后应是主句。主句有谓语expands而缺主语，应在答案中选择名词或代词充当主语(A)是代词，其作3个均是连词或副词6.With x ray microscopes scientists can see through live insects - even through solid pieces of metal.(A)however (B)nevertheless(C)or(D)yet答案：C测试点：连词并列结构分析：句中有两个through引导的介词短语相并列，应当用and或or一类的连词将其连接，故选(C)7.As resident of New Mexico, Dennis Chavez - to the House of Representatives in 1930 and to the Senate in1938.(A)when elected(B)elected(C)who was elected(D)was elected答案：D测试点：谓语/习语分析：elect是考题中常出现的词本句有主语而缺谓语，应在答案中选择可作谓语的动词即(B)或(D)。“be elected to+职务”是固定短语，故选被动语态的(D)。8.- are not leached out of soil, reclamation procedures are needed to restore the lands productivity.(A)For concentrations of salt(B)Salt concentrations that(C)If salt concentrations(D)With concentrations of salt答案：C测试点；状语从句分析：逗号后为完整的句子，逗号前可能是短语或从句空格后有are not leached的谓语部分，可见这里是从句而非短语从句缺主语及连接词，应在答案中选择连接词+主语的形式，即(C)9.- social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williamsenthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.(A)No(B)Nothing(C)Not(D)None答案：A测试点：否定词分析：空格处为定语，修饰名词crusade，应当选择形容词，4答案中只有(A)No是形容词。(B)是名词或副词：(C)是副词：(D)是代词。解题要点；否定词应用no。of是副词，no与not混淆是TOEFL常考题型10.- as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal.(A)In early(B)As earlty(C)Early(D)Was as early答案：B测试点：asas结构分析：asas的连用，有时可以表示强调看到空格后出现as，就应在答案中寻找含有另一个as的形式，即(B)、(D)逗号后为完整的句子，逗号前为其状语，故排除含有动词的(D)，选(B)此句意为“早至公元前2500年”11.The quantum theory states - , such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite units called quanta or photons.(A)energy that(B)that it is energy(C)it is energy(D)that energy答案：D测试点；宾语从句。分析：states后为宾语从句，从句有谓语is given而缺主语和连接词，应在答案中选择连接词+主语的形式，即(D)解题要点：遇到宾语从句，在答案中可先看以that开头的形式12.Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable - spring into full flight instatly when disturbed in their hiding places.(A)they(B)to their(C)its(D)them to答案：D测试点：习语分析：Enable sbto do是固定短语，故选(D)13.Geysers are found near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil -.(A)surface below the deep(B)deep below the surface(C)the deep below surface(D)the deep surface below答案：B测试点：词序。分析：deep为副词，修饰后面的介词短语below the surface(A)(C)语序错误；(D)中心词是surface，为名词词组，与句意不合14.Algebra generalizes certain basic laws -the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of all numbers.(A)govern(B)that govern(C)have governed(D)which they govern答案：B测试点：主谓结构。分析：空格前为主句，空格及其后部分为修饰laws的定语从句。从句主语，谓语均缺应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式即(B)15.Even at low levels, -.(A)the nervous system has produced detrimental effects by lead(B)leads detrimental effects are producing the nervous system(C)lead produces detrimental effects on the nervous system(D)the detrimental effects produced by lead on the nervous system答案：C测试点：主语一致分析：空格前只有短语作状语，缺整个句子短语的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致；短语说的是lead,故选以lead作主语的(C)16.The culinary expert Fannie Farmer taught dietetics, kitchen management, and to cook at ABCher famous Boston school. D答案：C测试点：词形并列结构。分析：连词and要求它所连接的部分同词性、同形式。and一边为名词dietetics和management，另一边也要用动名词cooking，不能用动词不定式to cook。17.The elephant relies more on its sense of smell than for any other sense.ABCD答案：B测试点；并列结构分析：morethan结构要求前后比较的两部分同词性、同形式(B)应为介词on，与比较的第一部分on its sense of smell并列18.A few naturally elements exist in such small amounts that they are known mainly from ABClaboratory-made samples.D答案：A测试点：词性分析：naturally是副词，而修饰名词elements应用形容词，即natural解题要点：看到划线的以-ly结尾的副词时，应注意其是否错用，是否应用形容词19. Some insects hear ultrasonic sounds more than two octaves than higher humans can.ABCD答案：D测试点：词序。分析：than应接在形容词或副词比较级的后面，而不能放在它前面。应为higher than。20. To stay warm in cold weather, cold-blooded animals must expose itself to a source of ABCwarmth such as direct sunlight.D答案：B测试点：代词数的一致分析：代词在人称和数上应与其所指代的名词一致此处代词指代的animals为复数，代词也要用复数的themselves21. A severe illness where she was just nineteen months old deprived Helen Keller of both A BCDher sight and hearing.答案：A测试点：从句连接词分析：关系副词where表示地点，而此处从句说明的是时间，应当用表示时间的when22. Like all ecological systems, a forest is made up of a living environment and a nonliving Aenvironment, the latter composed of air, rocks, soiled, and water.B CD答案：D测试点：词性并列结构。分析：and要求所连接的部分同词性、同形式。soiled应为名词形式soil，用以与其前后的air rocks和water并列23. The purposeful of the elementary school is to introduce children to the skills, information, ABCand attitudes necessary for a smooth adjustment to society.D答案：A测试点：词性分析：句子主语应为名词性质，而purposeful是形容词应为名词purpose解题要点：看到划线的词位置在theof之间，应想到要用名词形式24.Notorious as a host for wheat rust, the barberry bush has been banned from many area.ABCD答案：D测试点：名词的数分析：area为单数，而many后应接复数名词应为areas25.Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has starred in stage, television, and film ABCproductions on both sides the Atlantic Ocean.D答案：D测试点；习语。分析：On both sides of是固定短语，此处漏了介词of。26. A microphone enables a soft tone to be amplified, thus making it possible the gentle ABCrenditions of romantic love songs in a large hall.D答案：C测试点；多词形式宾语分析：it看似形式宾语，但后文并无to或that的真正宾语部分，故it为多余make+宾语十形容词名词是固定搭配，此句宾语过长，故放在形容词后面解题要点：应区别两个相似但截然不同的句子结构：(1)make it(possible)to do(形式宾语)；(2)make (possible) +宾语(冗长的宾语通常放在后面)。27.Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as a AB C Dlimb.答案：C测试点；并列结构数的一致。分析：连词or要求它所连接的部分同词性、同形式。此处or所连接的其他成份如cell，organ均为单数名词，tissues也应为单数的tissue这三个共同一个冠词a28.The poetry of e.e. cummings illustrates the way in which some poets bend grammatical ABrules as they strive to expression their insights.CD答案：D测试点：词性/习语分析：Strive to do sth是固定短语strive如后接动词而expression是名词，应为express解题要点：看到划线的为-ion或-tion结尾的名词，而其前面紧接to，应考虑这个词是否错用，是否应为动词29.In the wild, tea plants become trees of approximately thirty feet in high.A BCD答案：D测试点；词性。分析：high是形容词，而介词in后应接名词性成份。应为height。30.Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting significant ABCfinancial events.D答案：A测试点；冠词分析：名词art前应有冠词应为as an art31.The development of the watch depended upon the invent of the mainspring.ABCD答案：C测试点：词性分析：invent是动词，而冠词the后应为名词应为invention解题要点：看到theof的结构，应注意其中间划线的词应为名词32.The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible moved from their homeland in ABCthe 1830s, is remembered as the Trail of Tears.D答案：B测试点：词性分析：forcible是形容词，但修饰谓语动词moved应用副词应为forcibly33.Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety of injuries if participants push ABthemselves greatly hard.CD答案：D测试点；近义词。分析：greatly只可用来修饰分词，不能修饰单一普通副词或形容词。此处应用very。34.The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for single-celled ABCanimals. D答案：A测试点；连词主谓数的一致分析：系动词为are，说明主语应为复数，而structure和behavior是两个单数名词，用or连接仍是单数的意义，应用and使其成为复数35.Alaskas rough climate and terrain divide the state into isolated regions and the difficult ABCof highway maintenance is a troublesome problem.D答案：C测试点：词性分析：冠词the后应接名词difficult是形容词，应用difficulty解题要点：看到theof的结构，应注意其中间划线的应为名词36.For hundreds of years, sailors relied on echoes to warn them of another ships, icebergs, ABCor cliffs in foggy weather.D答案：C测试点；