科技英语阅读ppt-Unit.ppt

Unit6MechanicsandAutomotives LearningObjectives developyourabilitytotranslatetheNon termswriteasummaryorabstractforascientificpaper TheInventionoftheModernAutomobiledevelopyourword buildingabilitiesinEST e g suffix ation tion sion ity ic ive ary ize ise developyourabilitytochangesentencesintopassiveonesandcombineshortsentencesintoalongsentence developyourdiscourseunderstandingability Leadin Brainstorming What s 机械工程机电一体化生物工程纳米技术信息技术计算机辅助设计太阳能电池汽车工程机械学后勤学计算流体动力学无线电通讯 机械工程机电一体化生物工程纳米技术信息技术计算机辅助设计太阳能电池汽车工程机械学后勤学计算流体动力学无线电通讯mechanicalengineering mechatronics mechanical electricalintegration bioengineering biologicalengineering NT Nanotechnology informationtechnology computeraideddesign solarbattery solarpoweredbattery automotiveengineering mechanics mechanology logistics CFD ComputationalFluidDynamics radiocommunication Pictures Nano 纳米 符号为nm 是长度单位 原称毫微米 就是10 9米 10亿分之一米 即10 6毫米 100万分之一毫米 如同厘米 分米和米一样 是长度的度量单位 相当于4倍原子大小 比单个细菌的长度还要小 纳米技术的应用 防辐射孕妇装不沾水的纳米伞 GenicTechnology genicmutation GeneticallyModifiedFood foodsafety mutablegene superbugs extinction allergy allergicreaction nutrientvalue geneticengineering genesplicing recombinantDNAtechonology TeachingProcedures Pre readingTask 1 Post readingTask 2 Pre readingTask Nanobiotechnologyisthebranchofnanotechnologywithbiologicalandbiochemicalapplicationsoruses Nanobiotechnologyoftenstudiesexistingelementsofnatureinordertofabricatenewdevices Thetermbionanotechnologyisoftenusedinterchangeablywithnanobiotechnology thoughadistinctionissometimesdrawnbetweenthetwo Pre readingTask Ifthetwoaredistinguished nanobiotechnologyusuallyreferstotheuseofnanotechnologytofurtherthegoalsofbiotechnology whilebionanotechnologymightrefertoanyoverlapbetweenbiologyandnanotechnology includingtheuseofbiomoleculesaspartoforasaninspirationfornanotechnologicaldevices Pre readingTask CAD Computer aideddesign CAD alsoknownascomputer aideddraftinganddesign CADD istheuseofcomputertechnologyfortheprocessofdesignanddesign documentation ComputerAidedDraftingdescribestheprocessofdraftingwithacomputer CADDsoftware orenvironments providetheuserwithinput toolsforthepurposeofstreamliningdesignprocesses drafting documentation andmanufacturingprocesses Pre readingTask CADDoutputisoftenintheformofelectronicfilesforprintormachiningoperations ThedevelopmentofCADD basedsoftwareisindirectcorrelationwiththeprocessesitseekstoeconomize industry basedsoftware construction manufacturing etc typicallyusesvector based linear environmentswhereasgraphic basedsoftwareutilizesraster based pixelated environments Pre readingTask Simulationistheimitationofsomerealthing stateofaffairs orprocess Theactofsimulatingsomethinggenerallyentailsrepresentingcertainkeycharacteristicsorbehavioursofaselectedphysicalorabstractsystem Thenetworkcomputergamesaretypicalexampleofcomputationalsimulation While readingTask LanguagePointsandSentencestructure BackgroundInformation WhatIsNANO BIOtechnology TextUnderstanding U S NationalAcademyofEngineering TheUnitedStatesNationalAcademyofEngineering NAE aprivate non profitinstitutionthatwasfoundedin1964underthesamecongressionalactthatledtothefoundingoftheNationalAcademyofSciences ElectiontotheNAEisconsideredthehighestachievementinengineering relatedfieldsandoftencomesasarecognitionofalifetime sworthofaccomplishments TheNAEispartoftheUnitedStatesNationalAcademies whichalsoincludes NationalAcademyofSciences NAS InstituteofMedicine IOM NationalResearchCouncil NRC BackgroundInformation U S NationalAcademyofEngineering TheNAEoperatesengineeringprogramsaimedatmeetingnationalneeds encourageseducationandresearch andrecognizesthesuperiorachievementsofengineers Asanationalacademy newmembersoftheorganizationareelectedannuallybycurrentmembers basedontheirdistinguishedandcontinuingachievementsinoriginalresearch TheNAEhasmorethan2 000peer electedmembersandforeignassociatescomposedofseniorprofessionalsinbusiness academia andgovernmentwhoareamongtheworld smostaccomplishedengineers BackgroundInformation Boeing sPhantomWorksdivision BackgroundInformation ThePhantomWorksdivisionistheadvancedprototypingarmoftheDefenseandSecuritysideofTheBoeingCompany Itsprimaryfocusisdevelopingadvancedmilitaryproductsandtechnologies manyofthemhighlyclassified andhasproducedbreakthroughsindefense spaceandsecurity FoundedbyMcDonnellDouglas theresearchanddevelopmentgroupcontinuedafterBoeingacquiredthecompany ItslogowasderivedfromtheMcDonnellDouglasF 4Phantomcombatjet SecondLife BackgroundInformation SecondLifeisanonlinevirtualworlddevelopedbyLindenLabwhichwaslaunchedonJune23 2003 AnumberoffreeclientprogramscalledViewersenableSecondLifeusers calledResidents tointeractwitheachotherthroughavatars Residentscanexploretheworld knownasthegrid meetotherresidents socialize participateinindividualandgroupactivities andcreateandtradevirtualpropertyandserviceswithoneanother SecondLifeisintendedforpeopleaged13andover andasof2011hasmorethan20millionregistereduseraccounts TextOrganizationandMainIdea Briefintroductiontothetwoexpandingfrontiersofengineering Avisionoftheengineers knowledgeandcoordinationinthefuture Part1 Paras 1 4 MainIdea Para 1 TextUnderstanding TextOrganizationandMainIdea Thetwofrontierspredicted Part1 Paras 1 4 Para 2 Para 3 Therequirementsforthemechanicalengineersinthefuture TextUnderstanding TextOrganizationandMainIdea Anengineer spointofthedevelopmentofdesign Part1 Paras 1 4 Para 4 TextUnderstanding TextOrganizationandMainIdea The ofnanotechnologyandbiotechnology Nanotechnologyandbiotechnologyasthemostinfluentialfields Part2 Paras 5 7 MainIdea Para 5 future TextUnderstanding TextOrganizationandMainIdea Thecoreoftechnologicalinnovationhasshiftedtobiologyandtheenvironment Thegreatexpectationsofbiotechnology Part2 Paras 5 7 Para 6 Para 7 TextUnderstanding TextOrganizationandMainIdea Thedesigningmethodsoftheengineersinthefuture Thedemocratizationoftheprocessofdesigningandcreatingnewdevices Part3 Paras 8 12 MainIdea Para 8 TextUnderstanding TextOrganizationandMainIdea FuturistRohitTalwar shighlightofimmersiveinteractiveskills TheaffordablevisionofCAD Part3 Paras 8 12 Para 9 Para 10 TextUnderstanding TextOrganizationandMainIdea Thefuturevisionofengineers designindependently Thefuturevisionofengineers designathome Part3 Paras 8 12 Para 11 Para 12 TextUnderstanding LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 1Engineersinthefuturewillwokattheextremesofverylargeandverysmallsystemsthatrequiregreaterknowledgeandcoordinationofmultidisciplinaryandmulti scaleengineeringacrossgreaterdistancesandtimeframes Anewfieldofsystemsengineeringwillincorporatemuchoftheknowledgeandpracticesofmechanicalengineering TheFutureVisionforMechanicalEngineering Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 2CharlesVest PresidentoftheU S NationalAcademyofEngineering predictedthattheflowoftechnologyfromtinyand mega scale systems willbethebigstoryofthetwenty firstcentury Twonewfrontierswillhavealargeimpactonengineering Thefirstfrontierisincreasinglysmallerspatialscalesanddecreasinglysmallertimescales Thisfrontierliesattheconvergenceofbiotechnology nanotechnologyandinformationtechnology andrequiresmechanicalengineerstoworkacrosstraditionaldisciplinaryboundaries Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 2Thesecondfrontieris largerandlargersystemsofgreatcomplexityand generally ofgreatimportancetosociety Thisfrontieraddressesthelargestchallengesfacingtheworldinenergy environment food manufacturing productdevelopment logistics andcommunications Bothfrontierswillincreasethecomplexityengineersarerequiredtomanagenecessitatingnewknowledgeandskillsets Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 3Mechanicalengineersoftodayandtomorrowmustbepreparedtoworkinthesetwoexpandingfrontiers Employerswilldemandengineersadeptatintegratingdifferentdisciplines addressingincreasinglycomplexcustomerandstakeholderrequirements andtreatingmultipleinteractingsystems Theywillrelyheavilyonsimulationsandcomputeraideddesign CAD inthedevelopmentandmanagementofcomplexsystems Computersimulationswillbecomebetteratmodelingcomplexsystemsandwillbeavaluabletoolforengineerstooptimizeexpectedoutcomeswhilelimitingunintendedconsequences Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 4Forexample MarkBurgess thechiefengineerinBoeing sPhantomWorksdivision1 pointedoutthatearlyinhiscareer hespenttwoyearsgeneratingCFDgrids Twentyyearsfromnow Burgessanticipates highlyintegratedandseamlesssystemscapableofgeneratingreliableresultsevenfornon expertusers Suchsystems heargued arelikelytohaveveryintuitiveuserinterfacesperhapsreminiscentoftheeasenowdesignedintotheprogramsthatcreatethecustomizede commerceexperienceofA Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 5Nanotechnologyandbiotechnologywilldominatetechnologicaldevelopmentinthenext20yearsandwillbeincorporatedintoallaspectsoftechnologythataffectourlivesonadailybasis CharlesVestmadethecasethatthecoreoftechnologicalinnovationhasshiftedfromphysicsandhigh speedtelecommunicationstobiologyandtheenvironment Therapidlyadvancingfieldsofbiotechnologyandnanotechnologyareatthecoreofthesedevelopments Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 6Earlyusesofnanotechnologyrangefromtheprosaicuseofnanofabricsinpantstopreventstainstotheexcitingdevelopmentsofnewagentsformedicalimaging Biotechnologyhasalreadycontributedtothedevelopmentoflifesavingmedicinesandfoodcrops Bothnanotechnologyandbiotechnologieshavesuccessfullymadethetransitionfrombasicresearchtothedevelopmentofproductsandservices Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 7Nanotechnologyandbiotechnologyarepoisedforevengreatersuccessoverthenext20years Nanotechnologycanbeusedtocreatemoreefficientsolarcellsthatproduceelectricitycheaperthancoal todeliverdrugstoprecisecellsinthebody andtobuildterabytedatachipsthesizeofpostagestamps Biotechnologyisonthevergeofarevolutioninwhichgeneticcomponentsarestandardizedandinterchangeable Thesestandardizedcomponentswillmakeiteasytobuildbiologicalorganismsdesignedforamultitudeoftasksrangingfromproducinghydrogenforcarstonewdrugsformalariatocleaninguptoxicwaste Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 8Inthefuture advancesincomputeraideddesign materials robotics nanotechnologyandbiotechnologywilldemocratizetheprocessofdesigningandcreatingnewdevices Engineerswillbeabletodesignsolutionstolocalproblems Individualengineerswillhavemorelatitudetodesignandbuildtheirdevicesusingindigenousmaterialsandlabor creatingarenaissanceforengineeringentrepreneurs Theengineeringworkforcewillchangeasmoreengineersworkathomeaspartoflargerdecentralizedengineeringcompaniesorasindependententrepreneurs Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 9Emergingtechnologiesincomputeraideddesign CAD materials robotics nanotechnologyandbiotechnologywilllikelycometogethertotransformhowengineerswork Fasterprocessingandnetworkspeedswillsoonallowfutureengineerstodesignentireproductsasasystemratherthanseparatepieces Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 10FuturistRohitTalwarhighlightedvirtualworlds likeSecondLife asoneofthenewtechnologiestransforminghowweperceivereality CombinedwithadvancesinCADsystems itwillbepossibleformechanicalengineerstocollaborateinimmersiveinteractiveenvironmentswheretheycandesigncollaboratively testhypothesis runmodelsandsimulationsandobservetheircreationsinthreedimensionsmuchasanengineercanobserveacarbeingbuiltwiththeircolleaguesontheshopfloor Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 11Rapidprototypingandfabricationlaboratoriesareimprovingandwillsoonbeaffordableforthoserunninghomeoffices teachingclassesandthoseinventingorbuildingasahobby EngineerswillbeabletodesignathomewithadvancedCADsystemsorincollaborationwiththeirglobalcolleaguesinvirtualworlds Theywillbeabletousehome basedfabricationtechnologytotestmanyoftheirdesigns Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 12Engineersofthefuturewillhavebettertoolstobuildcareersasindividualinventors independententrepreneursandemployeesindistributedbusinessesthatdrawonengineeringtalentfromaroundtheworld Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 多 多种 多个 1 multi multi purpose 多色彩的 multi user multicellular multichannel multicoloured multicultural multidisciplinary 多用户 多细胞的 多通话线路的多波段的 多用途的 多功能的 多种文化的 跨学科的 multidirectional 多方面的 多向的 Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure adeptat 2 对 熟练 Hewasadeptatplayingthepiano 他擅长弹钢琴 Whoareadeptatestablishingawell balancedminiaturereefenvironment Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure optimize 3 使最优化 使尽可能有效 tooptimizetheallocationofresources 优化资源配置 tooptimizetheeconomicstructure 优化经济结构 Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure reminiscentof 4 使想起 使回忆起 Thehotelisreminiscentoftheonewestayedinlastyear 这家酒店使我们回想起去年住过的一家 奥运圣火是人们缅怀古代奥运会的象征 TheOlympicflameisasymbolreminiscentoftheancientOlympicGames Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure beincorporatedinto 5 整合入 Thisgroundfaultprotectionfunctionmaybeincorporatedintoacircuitbreaker 这种功能可以一体化设计在断路器上 这些条件都必须明确的写进雇佣合同之中 Theseconditionsmustbeexpresslyincorporatedintothecontractofemployment Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 的 与 有关的 似的 6 adj n ic prose methodic history science hero drama method historic scientific heroic prosaic dramatic Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure onthevergeof 7 接近 濒临 在死亡线上 onthevergeofdeath Thetycoonisonthevergeofbankruptcy 那名大亨濒临破产的边缘 Text1 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure 8 ize democratize 使合法化 modernize popularize symbolize legalize hospitalize mechanize 使现代化 使通俗化 象征 作为 的象征 使民主化 使留医 送 住院 使 过程 工厂等 机械化 Text1 使 变得 LanguagePointsandSentencestructure combinedwith 9 结合 Patiencecombinedwithdiligenceisnecessarytosuccess 耐心结合勤奋是成功必需的 chemistry combinedwithwater especiallywaterofcrystallization 化学 包含水的 尤其指结晶化的水 Text1 ReadingComprehension Exercise3 Post readingTask 1 multidisciplinary 2 adeptat 3 stakeholder 4 prosaic 5 nanofabrics 6 poised 7 onthevergeof 8 collaboratively 9 simulations 10 immersive VocabularyandStructure Exercise1 Post readingTask 1 disciplinary 2 division 3 poised 4 fabrication 5 intuitive 6 democratized 7 prosaic 8 immersive 9 simulation 10 complexity VocabularyandStructure Exercise2 Post readingTask 1 onthevergeof 2 adeptat 3 beincorporatedinto 4 futurevision 5 madethecasethat 6 reminiscentof 7 poisedfor 8 atthecoreof 9 incollaboration 10 Combinedwith VocabularyandStructure Exercise3 Post readingTask 1 Beforeanyevidencecanbeintroducedinsupportofthetopicathand thedefinitionofinventionmustbeestablished 2 TheideaofaselfpropelledvehicleanitsactualrealizationhadbeenpresentforatleastonehundredyearsbeforeFordevermadeone 3 Therapidlyadvancingfieldsofbiotechnologyandnanotechnologyareatthecoreofthesedevelopments VocabularyandStructure Exercise3 Post readingTask 4 InEurope lowpercapitaincomes highgasolineprices andhighhorsepowertaxeskepttheEuropeanmanufacturersfromrealizingthebenefitsofthisidea 5 Manyofthegreatestopportunitiesformechanicalengineerslieintheintersectionofthesetwofieldsoftechnology VocabularyandStructure Exercise4 Post readingTask 1 Thecomplexityofthenewknowledgeandskillsetsengineersarerequiredtomanagewillbeincreasedbybothfrontiers 2 Inthenext20years technologicaldevelopmentwillbedominatedbynanotechnologyandbiotechnology 3 Inthefuture theprocessofdesigningandcreatingnewdeviceswillbedemocratizedbyadvancesincomputeraideddesign VocabularyandStructure Exercise4 Post readingTask 4 Thecapacitiesofengineersinthefuturewillbeexpanded 5 Virtualworlds likeSecondLife washighlightedbyFuturistRohitTalwar DiscourseUnderstanding Post readingTask 1 C2 B3 E4 A5 F ReadingandUnderstanding Ex 1 2 Reading2 Post readingTask 1 dominantformoflandtransportation 2 anew useful andnon obviousprocess machine orproduct 3 theywereonlyaffordabletotheupperclass 4 adjusttovariousroadconditions Ex 1 B Ex 2 ReadingandUnderstanding Ex 1 2 Reading2 Post readingTask 5 soldinlargequantities 6 kepttheneedsofthepeopleforemostinmind 7 achievemassproduction 8 incorporatedintothechain LanguageinUse Ex 1 Reading2 Post readingTask 自我驱动的 人口密度 奢侈品 批量生产 装配线 selfpropelled populationdensity luxuryitem mass production assemblyline LanguageinUse Ex 1 R