中考阅读与作文讲解.doc

11 改变成就人生，梦想启迪未来 易成教育个性化辅导讲义教师姓名张 文学科英语上课时间10：1012:10讲义序号JCT001学生姓名蒋楚天年级初三组长签字日期课题名称中考作文写作及阅读讲解教学目标1.能够更好地掌握中考作文写作技巧2.掌握阅读理解正确和适合自己的方法教学重点 难点1.作文的模板等记忆内容比较多，记忆量比较大2.阅读能力是长期性的过程，一次课程比较难有很理想的效果课前检查作业完成情况：优 良 中 差 建议_教学过程教学过程一：抽查中考考纲中的单词与词组及课后作业讲解二;近期学校中考试试题的讲解写作技巧（一）中考英语写作评分标准作文评价基本要求内容（7分）内容切题、充实、不写废话；意思连贯，表达清楚、准确、完整语言（8分）语言基本正确；用语规范、无或少见语法错误；拼写、大小写和标点正确结构（5分）词汇和句式句型运用恰当自如；文中有值得肯定的好句型和表达形式（二）怎样提高写作档次1. 使用较高级词汇I used to like reading and writing poems at middle school.I used to take delight in/ be fond of reading and writing poems at middle school.Suddenly I thought of a good idea.All of a sudden, a good idea occurred to meA good idea suddenly struck me.You can find my house easily.You have no trouble/difficulty in finding my house .You can find my house without any difficulty Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable.In our school, there are twentysix classrooms.Our school is made up of twenty-six classrooms.Our school consists of twenty-six classrooms.The old photo made me think of my happy childhood.The old photo reminded me of my happy childhood.2. 丰富的语法结构The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.He is surprised that the little girl knows so many things.To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.Not until he had read the news in the newspaper did he know what had happened. 3. 恰当使用过渡词或过渡句，使文章结构紧凑逻辑角度合适的过渡性词汇排序关系first; firstly; second; secondly; last but not least并列关系and; too; as well as; along with; together with举例关系for example; for instance; like; such as; as to转折关系but; however; while; though; on the contrary因果关系because; since; thanks to;as a result /consequence (of); thus; therefore归纳总结in a word; in short; to sum up; in conclusion递进关系whats more; besides; to make matters worse;whats worse; worse still; furthermore4. 优化段落This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. It has changed a lot since 1978. People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new lookThis village is very small，which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However, it has changed a lot since 1978. People here are leading a richer and happier life than before. Now it is taking on a new look.一篇好文章的标准：要点全：覆盖所有要点；应用了较高级的词汇和丰富的语法结构连接巧：有效地使用了连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，行文连贯，条例清楚（三）写作指导1.审题目：要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。2.圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。3.列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。4.定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。5.写全文：写短文时要做到以下六个方面：（1）避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。（2）多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。（3）注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。语态、时态要准确无误;主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致；注意人称代词的宾格形式；注意冠词用法，例如：He is an honest student.中的an不能写成a；注意拼写、标点符号和大小写，例如：receive，believe，fourteen，forty，ninth 等不要写成receve，forteen，fourty，nineth等。（4）描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：外表特征：tall，short，fat，thin，strong，weak，ordinary-looking，pretty等。服饰颜色：red ,yellow，blue，white， green，brown，black等。内心境界：glad，happy，sad，excited， anxious，interested 等。感情描写：love，like，hate，feel，laugh，cry，smile，shout等。动作描写：come，go，get，have，take，bring，fetch 等。（5）上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：表示并列关系的：and, as well as, or表示转折关系的：but, yet, however表示时间关系的：when, while, after, before, then, after that表示因果关系的：so，therefore，as a result表示目的的：in order to，in order that， so as to, so that表示列举的：for example , such as表示总结性的：in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking（6）不会表达，另辟蹊径。中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。（四）写作范例5月12日四川省汶川县发生了强烈地震，全国人民都为灾区的人民献爱心。9年1班的同学们召开了一个班会希望献出自己一份力量。在班会上同学们决定：1.捐出自己的零花钱。2.用自己的零花钱买书包、铅笔盒、书本送给那里的同学们，让他们重新走进课堂。3.每个同学自己动手做一张祝福的卡片，鼓励他们重建家园。注意：1.词数80100左右。 2.要求文章结构合理、内容通顺、句子连贯。参考词汇：a terrible earthquake, a class meeting, rebuild homes构思方法：1以发生地震这件事引出话题。2写出班会的决定。例文：A terrible earthquake happened in Wenchuan on May 12.Many buildings and houses were destroyed and thousands of people died. The students in Class 1, Grade 9 wondered what they should do for people in trouble. So they discussed it with their deep love in the class meeting. As a result, everyone decided to raise their pocket money. And also some of them will buy school bags, books and pencils for the children in Sichuan so that they can return to school. Whats more, all of them will make a card by hand to encourage them to rebuild their homes.熟读范文，并尝试着背诵1 The Teacher RespectAs a student, I respect all my teachers, especially our class teacher. She is a woman teacher with a round face. She is always smiling and is patient with us all. But she is also very strict with us. Whenever we are in difficulty, we will go to her for help. She is only too glad to help us. Every day she is the first to come and the last to leave. What a good teacher she is! I love her with all my heart.2 A Visit to the zooThe other day, my friends and I went to the zoo for a visit.The weather was fine. The sun was shining in the blue sky. Birds were singing beautifully around us. We came to the swan lake, where we found lots of black and snow-white swans. How lovely they were! Then we saw monkeys, foxes, wolves, deer, elephants, and even tigers and lions. All the animals were taken good care of.Yes, we should protect all animals. They are mans friends forever.3 My Close friendMy close friend is my deskmate John. He is also my next door neighbor.Every day we go to school and come back home together. He is good at maths while I am good at English. So we often help each other. Once I did not feel well, and John even carried two heavy schoolbags all the way home. He often says he has the duty to look after me, his brother.How lucky I am to have such a good friend like John!4 An Unforgettable DayOne fine day, my parents and I were taken to visit a village by the travel agency.How happy we were in the countryside! We saw farmers ploughing the fields and planting vegetables in hot weather. They were sweating all over. What good people they were! Without them, how could we live? We should thank them for all this. We had a wonderful meal in a farmers house. We did not leave until late in the afternoon.What an unforgettable day we had!5 My Hometown-ShanghaiMy hometown Shanghai is one of the biggest cities not only in China but also in the world.Shanghai is changing every day. It is becoming more and more beautiful. New houses and highrises have sprung up like mushrooms. Huge suspension bridges are seen over the Huangpu River, on which ships and boats are busy carrying goods to all parts of the country and the world. Shanghai plays an important part in our socialist construction.How I love you, my dear hometown Shanghai!中考英语范文欣赏（一）范文：快乐的家 A Happy FamilyI have a happy family. Although its small，its full of love. There are four people in my family，my father，my mother，my elder sister and myselfwe all love each other.My father is a doctor. He loves his work. Every day he works from dawn to dark. In his spare time，he likes reading and writing books. My mother is a teacher. She is very strict with her students but kind to them. Every day she goes to work early. She is not only a teacher but also a fiend of the students.My sister is a shopkeeper and she has been married for several years. Im a middle school student. My wish is to be a university student. And my parents often encourage me to work hard. I will try my best to realize my dream （二）范文：全家福 A Photo of My FamilyLook at this photograph of my family. There are five people in it. The tallest one is my father. He is forty-eight years old. My mother is standing beside him. She is not as my father. She is three years younger than my father. Sitting in front of them are my grandparents. My grandfather is that fat one with a pair of glasses. My grandmother is as fat as he. This little one is me. Im sitting between them. All of us love one anther. I have a happy family.（三）范文：最好的朋友 My Best FriendI have a best friend.She has long，straight，black hair，big，black eyes and a small nose. She is very thin and kind，she is cute，too. Her English and Chinese is very good. She is hard-working. Her favorite season is summer，because its hot，she can eat ice- cream. She likes playing the piano，reading books and singing songs.Whos she？She is my best friend Sun Mengqi. She has a very good English name，tooAngle.作文训练Changes in my life要求：1. What changes have you had in your life?(give at least two examples) 2. How do them affect your life?(give out at least two reasons?)_中考阅读综合首字母填空 1 Mr. Ma, a famous mental doctor from Beijing once said at an important meeting, “Now many young students can have p with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble g on well with people around them like their parents and classmates. Parents and teachers should c more about this problem.” Then Mr. Ma gave some e . One patient, a middle school students from Xian was doing badly in his lessons. He thought his teachers and friends often laughed at him, and he became so nervous and worried that one night he left his homes w telling parents. Another student, a 14-year-old schoolgirl from Shanghai, was very afraid of exams. While she was reading the exam paper, she couldnt think of anything to write.A recent report from Jiefang Daily says about 18% of the young students in Shanghai have mental problems. They often fell worried and very unhappy. U many of them wont go and ask for help. Some think they will look stupid if they go to see a doctor. Others wont talk about their secrets. At the end of the meeting, Mr. Ma offered some good ideas to young people: Talk to your parents or teacher often. T part in group activities. Try to get on well with the people around you. Go to see a doctor if you often feel unhappy. 首字母填空 2 Chris Jones recently finished a very unusual j . Our reporter Mary Owen mer him at his home in south London and he told her all about the trip. Reporter: What gave you the idea to travel around India on an elephant, Chris? Chris: Well, is all started 2 years ago when I was p a trip to India. I visited a photographic（摄影）exhibition of elephants and I realized（意识到）that the only way to travel an elephant. Reporter: What did you do next? Chris: I flew to New Delhi and started looking for an e . I needed an elephant trained to carry people. I didnt know anything about elephants, so I asked an expert（专家）for help. He taught me how to ride an elephant. He also h me find an elephant. Reporter: Can you tell me about the journey? Chris: Well. I bought a female elephant c Tara for about $ 6000. We set off from New Delhi a week later. We were heading to Sonepur in northern India where there is a big elephant market and I could sell Tara easily. And what a ride! Elephants can travel at about 6 miles an hour and Sonepur was more than 1,200 kim away. The journey t us 64 days! Reporter: Did you have any problems on your journey? Chris: Yes, a few. But nothing s . On the third day, Tara hurt her foot. But that got better quickly. Also there was a log of teavy rain duting the first week and we got very wet! 首字母填空 3 FOUNDBlack wallet with some money.Come to Room 502 in the e , or call 9796788. WANTED IMMEDIATELYA boy or a girl to d newspapers Hours: 3:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. Mon. to Sat.Pay: $ 10 per dayCall Mr. Jones at 8947659 SUMMER JOB Do you like to t with people? Do you like to write storices? Do you want to work for a m ? Then come and work for us as a reporter. Please call Karen at 5558823. HIKING CLUB Join us for a 10-mile country walk On Saturday, October 5thChildren and Market S at 2 p.m. Call Jeff on 3338651 for more information. SINGLES CLUB A club for single（单身）people looking for new f . Ages: 25-40Activities: parties, swimming, concerts, dances.We meet every Friday at 8:30 p.m.28 G Street Tel: 7026449 E-mail: singleclubyahoo. com 首字母填空 4 One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friends house happily. He wanted to p 1 his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. Mr. White got there at twenty to five. It was a l 2 earlier. He stopped his car and waited inside. Suddenly he heard a terrible sound(声音). He got o 3 of his car to see what happened. There was a dent(凹痕) in one of the d 4 of his car. He looked around and saw a little boy standing there with a f 5 stones in his hands. He caught the boy and asked, “Why did you t 6 the stone at my new car?” The boy cried and said, “Theres nobody e 7 here. I just want you to notice(注意) me. My grandpa fell down, but I m too young to help him.” Hearing these words, Mr. White was moved(感动) and followed the boy quickly. W 8 his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much. Mr. White looked at his watch, it was already twenty past five. He remembered his friend and hurried b 9 . But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S 10 .”完型填空 1 Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate（使发生联系） red with a strong feeling like 1 . Red is used for signs of 2 , such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of 3 in autumn. People say orange is a 4 color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of _5_. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in _6_. People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people _7_ two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and _8_. Where there are warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be _9_. Those who like to be with _10 _ like red. The cool colors are _11_ and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to _12 _ more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good _13_ for a living room or a _14_ . People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly. _15 colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.1. A. sadnessB. angerC. administrationD. smile2. A. roads B. ways C. danger D. places 3. A. landB. leaves C. grass D. mountains4. A. lively B. dark C. noisy D. frightening 5. A. moonlight B. light C. sunlight D. stars 6. A. summer B. spring C. autumnD. winter 7. A. speak B. say C. talk about D. tell 8. A. greenB. y