春节风俗贴春联 迎猴年.doc

传统文化:贴春联迎新年百度百科：春联，又叫“春贴”、“门对”，它以对仗工整、简洁精巧的文字描绘美好形象，抒发美好愿望，是汉族特有的文学形式。对联的上下联字数不限，但必须相等。春联起源于桃符，是华人过春节的重要标志。当人们在自己的家门口贴上春联的时候，意味着过春节正式拉开序幕。余亚飞迎新岁称：“喜气临门红色妍，家家户户贴春联；旧年辞别迎新岁，时序车轮总向前。” 每逢春节，无论城市还是农村，家家户户都要精选大红春联贴于门上，辞旧迎新，增加喜庆的节日气氛。传统春联是用毛笔书写，但亦有印制的春联。春联的种类较多，有街门对、屋门对等。有些地方，如果三年内家里有人过世，还要贴其他颜色（如黄、绿、紫色）的春联。SpringFestivalCouplets(Chunlian)SpringFestivalCouplets,ChunlianinChinese,isalsoknownasSpringCoupletsorChineseNewYearCouplets.ItisthemostcommonandimportantcustomwhencelebratingChineseNewYear.ThistraditioniswidelykeptbothinmoderncitiesandruralareasofChina.WritingSpringFestivalCoupletsWithblackorgoldencharacterswrittenonredpaper,SpringFestivalCoupletsarecomposedofapairofpoetrylinesverticallypastedonbothsidesofthefrontdoorandafour-characterhorizontalscrollaffixedabovethedoorframe.Pastingcoupletsexpressespeoplesdelightinthefestivalandwishesforabetterlifeinthecomingyear.FeaturesThefirstline(upperscroll)andthesecondline(lowerscroll)haveparallelstructuresandantitheticalmeanings.Thetwolinesshouldhaveanequalnumberofcharacters,whiletheirmeaningmustberelatedandantithetical.Theremustbeaone-to-onecorrespondencebetweenthetwolines.Thetonepatternisemphasizedbutrhythmisnotimportant.Thehorizontalscrollisafour-characterphrase,whichsumsupthetwolinesmeaning.LegendandHistorySpringCoupletsoriginatedfromTaofu,aninscriptiononboardsmadefrompeachtreesintheZhouDynasty(1046 - 256BC).Accordingtothelegend,intheghostworld,aroosterperchinginabigpeachtreewillcrowatdawntocallallthetravelingghostsback.Infrontoftheentranceofthedarkworld,therearetwoguardsnamedShentuandYulei.Iftheghostsharmanypeopleatnight,theguardswillkillthemasthetigersbreakfast.Peoplebelievedthatpeachtreescanscareandsubdueevilthings,sotheyhungpeachboardsinfrontofthedoorswiththeguardsnameswrittenorinscribedonthem.DuringtheSongDynasty(960 - 1279AD),thewoodboardwasreplacedbypaper,andpeoplefocusedmoreonbrightwishesforthefuture.ThecustombecamepopularinMingDynasty(1368 - 1644AD).WhentheEmperorZhuYuanzhangtraveledforinspection,hefoundthosepairsofscrollsinteresting.Inordertoadvocateandpromotethisculturalactivity,heorderedallhouseholdtopastethescrollsduringtheChineseNewYear.Thistraditioncontinuestoday.HowtoReadtheSpringFestivalCouplets?TheorderintraditionalChinesewritingisdifferentfromthatinwesterncountriesormodernChina.Inthepast,peoplewereaccustomedtowritinginverticallinesfromrighttoleft.Thetraditionalcoupletsfollowedthisrule,butthingshavechanged.Sometimespeopledontfollowtherules,andtheyevenmakemistakes.HereisthewaytoreadSpringFestivalCouplets:First,lookatthehorizontalscroll.Ifthefourcharactersarewrittenfromlefttoright,theupperscrollwillbeontheleftandthelowerscrollontheright.Ifthecharactersofthehorizontalscrollarereversed,thetwosidescrollsshouldbereadfromrighttoleft.HowtoPaste?Pastingcoupletsisnotaneasyjob.Therearerequirementsforbothwhentopasteandthecorrectorder.Usually,theyshouldbepastedbeforeNewYearsEve,andthebesttimeisbetween13:00 and15:00onthe29thoflunarDecember.Thecorrectpastingorderis:upperscrolllowerscrollhorizontalscroll.Youcandistinguishtheupperandlowerscrollsfromthewritingorderofthehorizontalscroll.HowtodowithOldCouplets?OldCoupletsinaSmallTownTherearerulesnotonlyforpastingthecouplets,butalsotraditionsforhowtoremovethem,andthesetraditionsvaryindifferentareasofChina.Inremoteorruralareas,peoplewillnotremovetheoldscrollsuntilthenextNewYear.Althoughtheyaredamagedbywindandrain,theywillstillkeepthemupuntilreplacedthefollowingyear.Inmoderncities,ifthecoupletsareruinedordamaged,peopleusuallytearthemoffaftertheLanternFestival.Somewilljustthrowthemaway,whileotherswillburnthem.Accordingtolegend,SpringCoupletsaregods.Afterburning,thegodcangobacktoheaven,whichwillbringgoodlucktothefamily.HandwrittenCoupletsorPrintedOnes?Nowadays,themostcommonlyseencoupletsinChinaareprintedones.Peopleusuallypurchasetheprintedones5 10daysbeforeNewYearsEve.Banksandsupermarketswillalsopresentprintedonestotheircustomers.Printedonesarecheapandconvenient,butarestilldelicateandcolorfulindesignanddecoration.Traditionalcoupletsaredonewithinkandbrush,andrequireexcellentcalligraphyskillsthatnoteveryonehas.Onlyafewcalligraphersareabletodoabrilliantjob.BeforetheNewYear,thehandwrittenonescanbestillfoundinsomelocalmarkets,wherepeoplecanchoosetheirfavoritelinesandaskthecalligraphertowritethem.Theessenceofthecoupletsisdemonstratedbytheimplicitgoodmeaningandstylishcalligraphywork.Theprintedoneslosebothofthesequalities.Noonlydotheylackgoodcalligraphy,butmostofthemhaveveryboldandvulgarwishesforwealthandpower.ExamplesofSpringFestivalCouplets上联：丹凤呈祥龙献瑞 dnfngchngxinglngxinru下联：红桃贺岁杏迎春 hngtohsuxngyngchn横批：福满人间 fmnrnjinUpperScroll:DragonandphoenixbringtheprosperityLowerScroll:PeachandapricotblossomswelcomethespringHorizontalScroll:BlessingontheLand上联：红梅含苞傲冬雪 hngmihnboodngxu下联：绿柳吐絮迎新春 llitxyngxnchn横批：欢度春节 hundchnjiUpperScroll:RedplumsbudstandsthesnowywinterLowerScroll:GreenwillowscatkinindicatesthenewspringHorizontalScroll:HappySpringFestival上联：春雨丝丝润万物 chnyssrnwnw下联：红梅点点绣千山 hngmidindinxiqinshn横批：春意盎然 chny ngrnUpperScroll:SpringrainnourishestheplantsLowerScroll:RedplumdecoratesthemountainsHorizontalScroll:SpringintheAir上联：事事如意大吉祥 shshrydjxing下联：家家顺心永安康 jijishnxnyngnkng横批：四季兴隆 sjxnglngUpperScroll:MayyouhavegoodluckineverythingLowerScroll:MayyoufeelcontentandyourfamilyhealtyHorizontalScroll:FlourishinginFourSeasons上联：迎新春江山锦绣 yngxnchnjingshnjnxi下联：辞旧岁事泰辉煌 cjisushtihuhung横批：春意盎然 chny ngrnUpperScroll:Ringinthespring;landscapeissplendidLowerScroll:Ringoutthepast;everythingisgloriousHorizontalScroll:ARefreshedSpring上联：春归大地人间暖 chnguddrnjinnun下联：福降神州喜临门 fjingshnzhuxlnmn横批：福喜盈门 fxyngmnUpperScroll:Springreturns;thelandbecomeswarmLowerScroll:Luckarrives;thepeoplebecomecheerfulHorizontalScroll:LuckisComing上联：精耕细作丰收岁 jnggngxzufngshusu下联：勤俭持家有余年 qnjinchjiyuynin横批：国强民富 guqingmnfUpperScroll:HardworkmakesaharvestyearLowerScroll:ThriftgainsahandsomesavingsHorizontalScroll:StrongCountry,WealthyPeople上联：迎新春事事如意 yngxnchnshshry下联：接鸿福步步高升 jihngfbbgoshng横批：好事临门 hoshlnmnUpperScroll:EverythinggoeswellasyouexpectLo