2018新目标八年级英语上册单元重点及练习.docx

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?惯用法：1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来taste good尝起来很好吃3. nothing .but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事12. look + adj 看起来13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做.呢？15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事 ask sb (not) to do sth. 叫某人（别）做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事词语辨析：1. anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin . 创办，开办： He started a new bllkshop last month.1) 机器开动： I cant start my car. 出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more than My father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. 7. because of 介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He cant leave because of the rain.because 连词，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because its expensive.一、用anyone ,something, anything, everything, nothing, everyone , no one 填空。1. Linda: Did you do _ fun on your bacation, Alice?Alice: Yes, I did. I went to Sanya. Linda: How did you like it?Alice: Well, it was my first time there, so _ was really interesting.Linda: Did you go with _?Alice: Yes, I did. I went with my sister.Linda: Did you go shopping?Alice: Of course! I bought _ for my parents. But _ for myself.Linda: Why didnt you buy _for yourself.Alice: I didnt really see_ I liked.2. Dear bill,How was your vacation? Did you do _ interesting? Did _ in the family go with you? I went to a friends farm in the countryside with my family. _was great. We fed some hens and saw some baby pigs. They were so cute! The only problem was that there was _ much to do in the evening but read. Still _ seemed to be bored. Byefor now! Mark二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。Last August, our class_(do) something very special on our school trip. We _(go) to mount Tai. We_(start) our trip at 12:00 at night. Everyone in our class_(take) a bag with some food and water. After three hours, someone looked at the map and _(find) out we _(be ,not) anywhere near the top. My legs _(be) so tired that I wanted to stop. My classmates_(tell) me to keep going, so I _(go) on. At 5:00 a.m., we got to the top! Everyone _(jump) up and down in excitement. Twenty minutes later, the sun _(start) to come up. It was so beautiful that we _(forget) about the last five hours!Unit2 How often do you exercise?惯用法：www .Xkb 1.coM1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事2. How about? .怎么样？/ .好不好？4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 .有多少.5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 发现6. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事9. by doing sth. 通过做某事10. Whats your favorite.? 你最喜欢的是什么？11 start doing sth. 开始做某事12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式词语辨析：1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? how far 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.2. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。The tickets are free. 3 How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?3. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. 4. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door.6. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.7. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： Im afraid I have to go now.10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up?sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story?some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.I ll stay here for some time. -How long will you stay here?用 do / does 完成问题并配对。1. How often _ he play soccer? a. Yes, She usually does.2. _you drink milk? b. Hardly ever . I dont like them.3. How often _they stay up late? c. He plays at least twice a week.4. _Sue eat a healthy breakfast? d. No, they dont. Theyre too busy.5. How often _you eat apple? e. Never. They always go to bed early.6. _ your parents play sports? f. Yes, I do. Every day.读短文，完成问题。What do No. 5 High School Students do in their free time?Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. Our questions were about exercise., use of the Internet and watching TV. Here are the results.We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day. Forty-five percent exercise four to six times a week. Twenty percent exercise only one to three times a week. And twenty percent do not exercise at all!We all know that many students often go on-line, but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at lease three or four time a week. Most students use it for fun and not for homework.The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting. Only two percent of the students watch TV one to three times a week. Thirteen percent watch TV four to six times a week. And eighty-five percent watch TV every day! Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. It is healthy for the mind and the body. Exercise as playing spots is fun, and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together. And remember, “ Old habits die hard”, So stat exercising before its too late!Exercise_% every day _%4-6times a week_% 1-3 times a week _%no exerciseUse the Internet _% every day _%3-4times a weekWatch TV _% every day _%4-6 times a week_% 1-3 times a week看表格信息完成报告 activities Day a year Exercise Read books Watch TV for over 2 hours Drink juice Eat hamburgers Help with housework Stay up late Go to the dentist 365 365 320 210 95 20 15 0 Jane is a 16-year-old high school student in the United States. American Teenager magazine asked her about her habits. Jane has a lot of good habits. She always exercise and she reads books _. Also, she _ drinks juice and she _stay up late. However, she has some bad habits, too. She _watches TV for more than two hours a day, and she _eats hamburgers. Her parents are not very happy because she _ helps with housework and she _ goes to the dentist for teeth cleaning. She says she is afraid.Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister. 短语用法：1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣2. want to do sth. 想要做某事3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与一样 not as/soas不如4. be good at doing sth 擅长做 be good with善于与相处 be good to sb 对某人好 be good for 对有好处5. make sb. Do sth. 让某人做某事6. Its+ 形容词 + for sb. To do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是的Its+ important +for sb. to do sth. 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1.原级（不作比较），修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really；2.比较级，表示“较”或“更”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词than, A or B, of the two, 修饰词much,a lot, a little；even, far .3.最高级，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带in（of）短语来什么比较的范围。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化： 构 成 方 法 原 级 比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-esthighshorthighershorter highestshortest以字母e词尾的词，加-r或-stlatefinelaterfinest latestfinest重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotbigthinfathotterbiggerthinnerfatterhottestbiggestthinnestfattest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”，再加-er或-est funnyeasyearlyfunniereasierearlierfunniesteasiestearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mostbeautifulathleticoutgoingmore beautifulmore athleticmore outgoingmost beautifulmost athleticmost outgoing形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化： 原 级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther（更远） further（更深远） farthest(最远) furthest（最深远）词语辨析：laugh v. & n. 笑He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。（与at连用）嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = althoughThough it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）though adv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though. 根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years _(old)than me.2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class.8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls.10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig?12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? 13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_.14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow).15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.Unit4 Whats the best movie theater?常用法：Can I ask you some. 我能问你一些吗？ How do you like. 你认为怎么样Thanks fpr doing sth. 因做某事而感谢 What do you think of . 你认为怎么样?much + 形容词或副词比较级 .得多 watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用 one of +可数名词复数 .之一练习，用括号里的词的适当形式填空。1. We went to the _(bad) restaurant in town last night. The menu had only 10dishes and the service was not good at all.2. Blue Moon is _(good), but Milers is _(good ) in town.3. The Big Screen is _(expensive) than most cinemas, but Cinema City is _(expensive).4. Movie City has the _ (bad) service, but we can sit the_ (comfortably)there.5. Johnny Dep acted the _(good) in that movie. Hes much _(good) than other actors at finding the _(interesting) role.用所给词的最高级填空。good cheap popular comfortably bad1. Dumpling House is _ restaurant in the city. You can get a big plate of dumplings for only five yuan.2. Spring Park is _ place in the city on weekends. Many families go there with their young children. Lots of old people like to take walks there , too.3. You can rest _ at Flower Hotel. Their rooms are clean and big.4. 109.9 FM plays _music . The songs are always boring and too loud.5. PEPigh School is _ in this town. They have big classrooms, fantastic teachers and an excellent sports center.阅读信息然后在下面的句子中改错。A movie ticket at Town Cinema is $12.00. It is $10.50 at Screen City, and $10.00 at Movie World.Screen City is always very crowded. Many people go to Movie World, too. But you can always get a ticket at Town Cinema. The seats at Movie World are very comfortable. The seats at Screen City are a little hard. The Town Cinema seats are very uncomfortable.1. Movie World is the most expensive.2. Screen City has the cheapest tickets.3. Town cinema is more popular than Screen City.4. Movie World is the most popular.5. Town Cinema has the most comfortable seatsUnit5 Do you want to watch a game show?用法：as famous as与一样有名 have a discussion about就讨论take sb.s place代替；替换let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 expect to do sth.盼望做某事 How/what about doing?做怎么样？be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try ones best to do sth.尽力做某事 try ones best尽某人最大努力 用下列词语填写电影评论。fantastic shows action want comes from played about exciting planMulan is an _ _movie. It _an old Chinese story. The movie is_ an old Chinese story. The movie is _ a village girl, Mulan. She dresses up like a boy and takes her fathers place to fight in the army. I think the actress _Mulans role well.The other actors are also _and they did a good job in the movie. I _ Mulan very much. The movie _her love for her family, friends and country. If you _ to watch a movie this weekend and you _ to see something enjoyable, choose Mulan.1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析the other 指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数或复数名词。表示两个中的一个另一个时，常用one the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me. other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I dont like this one. Please show me another one. 3.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到 Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.4. go on 发生，与 take place 同义1. happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事 An accident happened on Park Street.happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧”.Sb + happens to do sth. I happened to see my uncle on the street.2. expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计可能发生。Im expecting Li Lins letter.2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事Lily expects to come back next week.3)expect sb. to do sth.I expect my mother to come back early.4)expect + 从句 预计I expected that Ill come back next Monday.7. serious a. 严肃的，认真的。 He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真 _Hes serious about selling his house. Unit6 Im going to study computer science.sendto把送到 be able to能 the meaning of的意思 different kinds of不同种类的 have to do with关于；与有关系 hardly ever几乎不；很少 tooto太而不能 hope to be 希望成为be going to+动词原形 打算做某事 practice doing练习做某事 keep on doing sth.不断地做某事 learn to do sth.学会做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事 promise to do sth.许诺去做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事 agree with sb 同意某人的意见be going to 的用法1） be going to + 动词原形表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地点3) 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。4) be going to 与 will 的区别： 对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加 not,或者缩略式wont, 变一般疑问句将will 提至 句首。Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they wont.will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be