医学英语考试复习重点.doc

Pronounce each medical word correctly, and write out the pronunciation of each underlined letter(s). (1 point for each, 10 points in all) Put the primary stress on each of the following medical words. ( 1 point for each, 10 points in all)Translate the following English terms into Chinese. (1.5 point for each, 15 points in all)Translate the following terms into English. (1.5 point for each, 15 points in all)Give the meaning for each of the following words according to your knowledge of combining word elements. (2 point for each, 30 points in all)Make medical words according to the givien explanation and your knowledge of medical word forming. (1 point for each, 10 points in all)Choose the right answer for each of the following items. (1 point for each, 10 points in all)Chapter 1 Cardiovascular System TerminologyPart I Roots for the cardiovascular systematriotomy心房切开术angi (o)- blood vessel angitis ndaitis 脉管炎angioplasty ndiu,plsti 血管成形术angiostenosis ,ndiustinusis 血管狭窄angiorrhaphy ndiurfi 血管缝术angiectasis,ndiektsis 血管扩张arteri (o)- artery or arteries arteriogram :tiriurm 动脉造影照片arteriorrhexis :,tirireksis 动脉破裂arteriopathy动脉病arteriosclerosis :,tiriusklrusis 动脉硬化aort(o)- ei:t: aorta 主动脉 ather(o)- a combining form denoting glue-like deposit or atheroma 粥样斑, atherosclerosis,rudenisis 动脉粥样硬化aortorrhaphy主动脉缝合术aortectomy主动脉部分切除术aortotomy主动脉切开术atri(o)-: atrium of the heart valv(o)- or valvul(o)- : valve atrioventricular,eitriuventrikjul房室的valvulitis心瓣炎valvotome瓣膜刀atriomegaly心房肥大valvulopathy(心)瓣病cardi(o)-: heart or the cardiac orifice bradycardia心动过缓pericarditis,perik:daitis 心包炎tachycardia心动过速cardiomyopathy 心肌病myocarditis心肌炎phleb(o)- a combining form denoting relationship to a vein or veins phlebostenosis静脉狭窄phleborrhagia静脉出血phlebography 静脉造影(术)phlebotomyflibtmi 静脉切开术,放血术vas(o)-: blood vessel or ductven(o)- : vein venostasis,vi:nsteisis 静脉郁滞vasculitis血管炎vasography血管造影术vasospasm血管痉挛Part IIClinical and pathological conditions Atherosclerosis: Embolism Heat FailureHypertension:Myocardial infarction- Angina pectoris- Chapter 2 Respiratory System TerminologyPart I Roots for the Respiratory system rhinorrhea: 鼻液溢 laryngo-喉; bronchogenic 支气管原的; bronchiole细支气管 bronchorrhagia支气管出血bronchoscopy brkskpi 支气管镜检查法bronchiecctasis支气管扩张bronchostenosis支气管狭窄bronchitis支气管炎bronchocelebrknsi:l支气管囊肿laryng(o)-: larynx (throat)laryngostenosis喉狭窄. laryngitis喉炎laryngectomy,lrindektmi 喉切除术laryngostomy,lristmi喉造口术laryngoscope喉镜laryngocentesis喉穿刺术pharyng(o)- a combining form denoting relationship to the pharynx 咽pharyngocele咽囊肿frisi:pharyngostenosis,fringu stinusis咽狭窄pharyngorrhagia,fringreidi咽出血pharyngemphraxis,frindemfrksis咽阻塞pleur(o)-: pleura胸膜pleuropexy胸膜固定术pleurocentesis胸腔穿刺术pleurodynia,plurdini胸膜痛pleurotomy胸膜切开术pneum(o)- a combining form denoting relationship to respiration, the lungs, or airpneumonectomy,nju:munektmi肺切除术pneumonia肺炎pneumomelanosis肺黑变病pneumoconiosis肺尘症rhin(o)- noserhinostenosis鼻道狭窄rhinoplasty rainu,plsti 鼻成形术rhinorrhagia,rainreidi鼻出血rhinosinusitis鼻窦炎/thorac(o)-: thorax pneumothorax气胸hydrothorax胸膜积水hemothorax血胸 thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术pyothorax脓胸trache(o)- : trachea or the windpipe tracheopyosis气管化脓tracheitis,treikiaitis气管炎tracheomalacia,treikimleii 气管软化tracheorrhaphy气管缝合(术)-pnea: breath or respirationoligopnea呼吸迟缓tachypnea,tkipni:呼吸急促dyspnea呼吸困难eupnea ,呼吸正常,正常呼吸apneapni呼吸暂停orthopnea:pni 端坐呼吸hyperpnea,haippni: 呼吸增强,呼吸过度bradypnoea呼吸缓慢hypopneahaippni:, ,haipuni:呼吸减弱,呼吸不足Part IIClinical and pathological conditions Tuberculosis Asthma. PneumoconiosisChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Emphysema, Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal SystemPart I Roots for the musculoskeletal systemVertebral column脊柱; calcaneus跟骨; carpals 腕骨; metacarpals 掌骨; phalanges指骨,趾骨; tarsals: 踝眼骨跗骨；metatarsals: 跖骨zh g; tibia胫骨; humerus肱骨 coccyx 尾骨Inotropic ,intrpik变力的;影响肌肉收缩的; fasciodesis:筋膜固定术; tenorrhaphy腱缝术; cardiotonic强心药; dyskinesia ,diskaini:zi 运动障碍myeloblastmailubl:st 成髓细胞,原始粒细胞; asynovia滑液缺乏; bursa: 粘液囊,滑液囊; bursotomy粘液囊切开术 acr(o)-: extremity, tip or endacrodynia,krdaini肢端痛acromegaly肢端肥大症acrocyanosis【,krusinusis手足发绀arthr(o)-: joint or jointsarthrosclerosis,:rusklirusis关节硬化arthrodysplasia关节发育不良arthrodesis :rdsis关节固定术arthralgia关节痛chondr(o)-: cartilagechondromalacia软骨软化chondrocyte软骨细胞chondrosarcoma软骨肉瘤chondrodysplasia软骨发育不全chondrofibroma软骨纤维瘤cost(o)- : ribsrachi(o)-: spine costosternoplasty肋骨胸骨成形术.rachiocentesis椎管穿刺costalagia 肋骨痛rachitis脊柱炎rachiography脊柱造影my(o)-: muscle myoblastoma,maiblstum成肌细胞瘤myosclerosis肌硬化(症) myodynia肌痛myodysplasia肌发育异常myoatrophy肌萎缩oste(o)-: bone or bones osteoarthritis,stiu:raitis 骨关节炎osteoclaststiuklst破骨细胞osteoblaststiublst成骨细胞osteonecrosis stiunekrusis骨坏死sarc(o)-: flesh or connective tissue肌肉、结缔组织sarcolipoma脂肉瘤sarcoblast成肌细胞carcinosarcoma,k:sinus:kum 癌肉瘤spondyl(o): vertebra or the spinal column脊椎,脊柱spondylitis脊椎炎spondylomalacia脊椎软化spondylosis,spndilusis椎关节强直spondylopathy脊椎病syndesm(o): ligaments与结缔组织、特别是与韧带有关syndesmoplasty韧带成形术syndesmopexysindezm,peksi韧带固定术ten(o)-, tend(o)-: tendons腱tenosynovitis腱鞘炎tenotomy腱切断术tenorrhaphy腱缝合术tenectomy腱鞘切除术Part IICommon Muscles Disorders and DiseasesMetabolic bone disease. Osteoporosis Arthritis.Rheumatoid arthritis Gout Chapter 4 Integumentary System (Skin) TerminologyPart I Rootsderm(o)- or dermat(o)-: skin-derma: skin or skin disease dermatitis皮炎hypodermic皮下的dermatosclerosis,d:mtsklrusis硬皮病dermatopathy,d:mtpi皮肤病epiderm(o)- the outer layer of skin表皮epidermosis表皮病epidermoma表皮瘤epidermatoplasty,epid:mt,plsti表皮成形术hidr(o)- : sweat or sweat glands汗,汗腺hyperhidrosis多汗(症) ,haiphidrusis hidradenitis,haidrdinaitis汗腺炎hypohidrosis少汗症anhidrosis,nhaidrusis无汗症hidradenoma汗腺腺瘤hist(o)-: tissue组织histiocytosis,histisitusis组织细胞增多病histogenesis,histudenisis组织发生histiocytoma组织细胞瘤kerat(o)-: horn or horny tissue keratosis角化病keratinocytekrtinsait角质化细胞keratogenesis,kertudenisis角质生成lip(o)-: fat, fatty, fatty tissue or lipid lipidosis脂沉积(症) hyperlipemia,haip(:)lipi:mi高脂血症lipoatrophy皮下脂肪萎缩, 脂肪营养不良Part II Clinical and pathological conditions EczemaPsoriasisSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Malignant melanoma PruritusChapter 5 Digestive System TerminologyPart IRootsantr(o)-: antrum of the stomachappendic(o)- vermiform appendix阑尾appendicocele阑尾疝appendicostomy阑尾造口术antrectomyntrektmi窦切除术antrostomy 窦造口术cholangi(o)- bile duct胆管cholangitis ,klndaitis胆管炎cholangiectasis胆管扩张cholangiographyk,lndirfi胆管造影(术)cholangioscopy胆管窥镜检查cholangioenterostomy胆管小肠吻合术choledoch(o)-: common bile ductcholedocholithasis胆总管石病choledocholithotripsy胆总管碎石术choledochoscope胆总管(窥)镜choledocholithotomy胆总管石切除术choledochectomy胆总管部分切除术choledochotomy胆总管切开术chol (o)-: bile sac胆囊cholecystitis,klisistaitis胆囊炎cholepoiesis胆汁生成cholecystolithiasis 胆囊结石病cholecystosonography胆囊声像图检查cholestasis,klisteisis胆汁郁积cholecystoptosis 胆囊下垂colo-: colon colocentesis 结肠穿刺术colonoscopy结肠镜检查术 colorrhaphy结肠缝合术colonalgia结肠痛duoden(o)-: duodenum十二指肠duodenostomy十二指肠造口术duodenorrhaphy十二指肠缝术duodenectomy,dju:udinektmi十二指肠切除术enter(o)-: intestines enterolysis肠粘连松解术enteroclysis灌肠(法) enterorrhexis,entrreksis肠破裂enterospasm肠痉挛esophag(o)-: the passage that carries food食管esophagodyniai,sfudini食管痛esophagostenosis食管狭窄esophagoscopei:sfskup食管镜esophagoceleisfusi:l食管突出gastr(o)-: stomach gastroptosis胃下垂gastritis胃炎gastropathy胃病gastrorrhagia ,gstrreidi胃出血gastroduodenitis,stru,dju:udinaitis胃十二指肠炎gloss(o)-: tongue macroglossia,mkruglsi巨舌(症)glossodynia舌痛hepat(o)-a combining form denoting relationship to the liverhepatitis肝炎hepatomegaly,heptumeli肝大hepatorrhexis肝破裂hepatectomy,heptektmi肝切除laparo-: abdominal wall or abdomen laparocystotomy,lprusisttmi剖腹囊肿切除术laparorrhaphylprrfi腹壁缝术laparoenterostomy,lpru,entrstmi剖腹肠造口术laparoscopy lprskpi 腹腔镜检查peritone(o)- peritoneum腹膜polypectomy,plipektmi 息肉切除peritonitis 腹膜炎peritoneocentesis,peri,tunjsenti:sis 腹膜穿刺peritonealgia 腹膜痛proct(o)- rectum or anus肛门,直肠proctoptosis 直肠脱垂 proctocele直肠突出proctoscopy,prktskpi直肠镜检查proctorrhagia 直肠出血-pepsia: digestion消化-phagia: eating or swallowing噬,食dyspepsia 消化不良dysphagia吞咽困难polyphagia多食hyperpepsia胃酸过多性消化不良Part II Common Digestive System DisordersDiarrheaHeartburnPeptic ulcer Hepatitis Liver Cholelithiasis Pancreatitis AppendicitisPart III Video watching and comprehensionChapter 6 Urinary System TerminologyPart I Roots Nephr/o, ren/oKidneyNephritis, renal arteryHydro/oWaterHydronephrosis (abnormal condition involving back up of urine into the kidneyCyst/oBladderCystitis, cystectomy (inflammation of , removal of bladder)Pyel/oRenal collecting ductsPyelogram (X-ray of the collecting ducts)Ur/o, -uriaUrinePolyuria, anuria (frequent urination, no urine formation)Olig/oScanty, less than normalOliguria (reduced urine formation)-pexyTo surgically reattach, fix in normal positionNephropexy (surgically attach kidney in normal anatomical position)cyst(o)-: sac, cyst, especially the urinary bladdercystoptosis膀胱下垂cystoscopysistskpi 膀胱镜检查cystolithectomy,sistliektmi膀胱切开取石术cystographysistrfi 膀胱造影(术)glomerulo (o)-: renal glomeruli小球,肾小球glomerulonephritislu,merjulunefraitis 肾小球肾炎glomerulosclerosislu,merjulusklrusis肾小球硬化症nephr(o)-: kidney 肾nephritis 肾炎nephropyosisnefrupaiusis 肾化脓nephrectomynfrektmi 肾切除术nephrolihiasis肾结石pyel(o)-: renal pelvis肾盂pyelonephrosis肾盂肾病pyeloplastypaiil,plsti 肾盂成形术pyelectasis,paiilekteisis 肾盂扩张pyelostomy ,pailstmi 肾盂造口术ureter(o)-: ureter尿管, 输尿管ureterostomy ju,ri:trstmi 输尿管造口术ureteralgiaju,ri:trldi 输尿管痛ureterocelejuri:tr,si:l输尿管疝ureterostenosisju,ri:trustinusis 输尿管狭窄urethr(o)-: urethra尿道urethrotomy ,jurirtmi 尿道切开术urethratresia尿道狭窄urethralgia,jurirldi 尿道痛urethrorhaphy尿道缝合术ur(o)-: urine, the urinary tract, or urinationurodynia排尿痛uremiajuri:mi 尿毒症urolithjuruli尿结石uroscopyjurskpi 验尿-uria: a combining form denoting a characteristic or constituent of the urine 尿polyuria,plijuri多尿anurianjuri 无尿 nocturia 夜尿oliguria少尿dysuria尿痛glycosuria 糖尿hematuria ,hi:mtjuri 血尿Part IIClinical and pathological conditionsInfectionsCystitis Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra, generally associated with sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and Chlamydia infections.GlomerulonephritisRenal FailureUrinary lithiasis,Chapter 7 Nervous System TerminologyPart IRoots Cephal/oHead头Cephalgia (a headache)Encephal/oInside the head (brain)Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) 脑炎Anencephalic (born without a brain)Mening/oMembranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord髓膜Meningitis (inflammation of the membranes) 髓膜炎Myel/oSpinal cord脊髓Myelogram (X-ray of the spinal cord) 脊髓(X线)造影照片Neur/oNerveNeuroma (tumor) 神经瘤Neuritis (inflammation) 神经炎DysDifficult, painful, abnormalDyslexia (difficulty reading) 诵读困难-celeHernia, abnormal protrusion of structure out of normal anatomical positionMeningomyelocele (protrusion of membranes and spinal cord) 脊髓脊膜膨出-pathyDisease, abnormalityEncephalopathy (disease of the brain) Neuropathy (disease of the nerves)-plasiaDevelopment, formation, growthAplasia (no development)Hyperplasia (over development)-plegiaParalysisHemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body) 偏瘫, 半身麻痹Quadriplegia (paralysis of all four limbs) 四肢瘫痪cephal(o)-: head头cephalocele脑膨出cephaledema头水肿cephalocentesis头颅穿刺术Cerebell(o)-: cerebellum (little brain) 小脑cerebr(o)-: :cerebrum (brain) 大脑cerebrology脑学. cerebromalacia 脑软化cerebrosclerosis脑硬化cerebrotomy脑切开术;Crani(o)-: cranium or skull颅骨,颅cranioclast 碎颅钳. craniopathy 颅骨病craniostenosis颅狭小craniectomy颅骨切除术encephal(o)-: brain脑encephalorrhagia 脑出血 encephalography大脑X射线法encephaloma脑瘤encephalodysplasia脑发育异常mening(o)-: meninges脑膜meningitis 脑膜炎meningocerebritis脑膜脑炎meningeorrhaphy )膜缝合术meningocele ,脑膜膨出myelo-: marrow, the spinal cord or myelin 脊髓, 髓鞘myelodyspasia脊髓发育不良myelocele脊髓膨出poliomyelitits 脊髓灰质炎myelocytoma髓细胞瘤neur(o)-: nerves or the nervous system.neuropathy神经病neuroblast成神经细胞neurorrhaphy神经缝术neurosis神经(官能)症ventricul(o)-: ventricle of the brain室(心室,脑室)的 ventriculography脑室造影(术)ventriculoencephalitisven,trikjulu,enseflaitis 脑室脑炎ventriculomegaly巨脑室,脑室扩大ventriculoscopy脑室镜检查-paresis: slight or partial paralysis轻瘫-plegia: paralysis or stroke麻痹,瘫痪,中风paraplegia,prpli:di半身不遂quadriplegia四肢瘫痪hemiparesis 轻偏瘫; 偏身轻瘫hemiplegia半身麻痹, 半身不随Part IIClinical ConditonsAlzheimer disease Parkinson Disease Parkinsons diseaseStroke EpilepsyMyasthenia Gravis Chapter 8 Endocrine System Terminologyart IRootsaden(o)-: gland or glands腺adenitis ,dnaitis 腺炎,淋巴结炎adenoblast成腺细胞adenolipoma腺脂瘤adenocarcinoma腺癌adren(o)-: adrenal gland肾上腺adrenopathy肾上腺病adrenalectomy肾上腺切除术adrenomegaly肾上腺(增)大cortic(o)-: cortexparathyroid(o)-: parathyroid gland甲状旁腺-physis-: growth.neurohypophysis,njuruhaipfisis 神经(性)垂体parathyroidoma,pr,airidoum甲状旁腺瘤corticectomy 皮质切除术parathyroidectomy甲状旁腺切除术 pancreat(o)-: pancreas胰