高考主谓一致的测试热点.ppt

高三英语总复习语法系列训练 主谓一致高考测试热点 1 语法一致的原则 语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时 其谓语动词要与其相呼应 但我们要注意一些特殊情况 1 主语后有alongwith togetherwith with aswellas accompaniedby ratherthan but except besides includingandinadditionto等连接的词组 其谓语的单复数以主语单复数而定 例如 Severalpassengers togetherwiththedriver werehurt 2 表示时间 重量 长度 价格等的复数名词 作主语从整体来看时 谓语动词用单数 例如 Fiftyyearsisnotalongtime 3 动名词 不定式 从句或其他短语作主语 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 Earlytobedandearlytoriseishealthful 4 如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词 但前面有each every no等词修饰时 谓语用单数 例如 Everyboyandgirlinthisregionistaughttoreadandwrite 主谓一致是指句中的主语和谓语的一致 我们一般遵从三个原则 Thetroublewithsuchresourcesascoal oilandgas thattheyarenotrenewable A hasbeenB areC havebeenD is thetrouble problemwith 意为 由 带来的问题 存在的问题 题中 thetrouble为主语部分的中心词 再如 例1 解题要点精析 D 题例精析 Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates invitedtotheparty A wasB wereC havebeenD hadbeen A Whattheremoteareasneed educationtochildrenandwhatthechildrenneed goodtextbooksatthemoment 2007山东枣庄3月交流卷 A is areB are isC was wereD were was 例2 解题要点精析 解答该题关键是要注意由特殊疑问词what引导的主语从句作主语时的主谓一致关系 一般情况下 what引导主语从句 常表示单数意义 谓语动词用单数形式 但当它所指的具体内容是复数意义时 谓语动词要用复数形式 该题强调现在 用一般现在时态 A Mike whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswho tovisitthemuseum askedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6 30inthemorning 07南京一中卷 A is isB are areC is areD are is D 解答该题的关键是要理解题干结构 把握以every no each等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词用作主语时的主谓一致以及定语从句中的主谓一致 解题要点精析 该题为一个带有定语从句的复合句 句中作定语的关系代词who指代先行词teachers 为复数 故谓语动词该用are aswellas连接两个主语时 谓语动词要根据前一个主语决定 由every no each等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词作主语时 谓语动词要用单数形式 例3 Everydeskandeverychair madeofwood Manyaboyandgirl madethesamemistake has have is has everyeachnomanya 名词单数 and everyeachnomanya 名词单数作主语时谓语用单数 Nomanandnowoman stayingoutinwinter like likes likes 再如 2 意义一致的原则 意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念 而不取决于表面的语法标志 主要表现为某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数 如果这些集体名词指整体概念时 谓语动词用单数 指具体成员时用复数 例如 Thepopulationoftheearthisincreasingveryfast 类似这样的集体名词有 family class audience committee 委员会 crowd crew group party population team public council 理事会 village等 Thedead soonforgotten Therich notalwayshappy Generallyspeakingtheyoung eagerforsuccess 1 the adj 表示一类人或物做主语时 谓语常用复数 如 blind deaf living dead wounded poor richold young等 are are are Thebeautiful notthesameasthegood is the 例如 2 单 复数同形的名词作主语时 按意义一致的原则 作单数意义时 谓语动词用单数 反之谓语动词用复数 这类名词有 sheep fish deer means 方法 species 种类 works 工厂 Chinese Japanese等 选择填空has haveEverymeans beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult Allmeans beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult was wereThisshoeworks setupin1980 Thoseshoeworks allsetupin1980 has have was were All most some partofthewater gone Mostofmyclassmates hard Apartofthestory nottrueaccordingtothewitness is work 3 由all most half rest part some等修饰的名词是单数时 V谓用单数 修饰的名词是复数时 谓用复数 is Over30 ofthestudents absentfromthemeeting Overthreequrtersofthecity destroyedinthewar were was 4 分数 百分数of n 时 修饰的名词是单数或不可数名词时 V谓用单数 修饰的名词是复数时 谓用复数 Three fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth sea is Thiskindofapples sweet Thesekindsofapples sweet is are 5 主语前有表 单位 度量 的短语 如akind sort type form pair piece box of 由度量的单复数决定谓语的单复数 Applesofthiskind sweet are Thiskindofbooksisuseful Booksofthiskindareuseful Heiswho givenaprize Heiswho givenaprize oneoftheboys theonlyoneoftheboys were was 6 关系代词作主语 定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数 1 由manya或morethanone 单数名词作主语时 其谓语用单数形式 Specialattention Manyaforeigner totheGreatWall Morethanoneteacher thisclevergirl likes like hasbeen likes 2 eachneithereither of the 复数名词或代词 Eachofus adictionary Eitherofthebooksonthetable tome belong belongs Neitherofthem fitforthejob 当each放在主语后作同位语时 不决定谓语单复数 has belongs is Theyeachhaveadictionary Eachofthemhasadictionary Inourclass givenanEnglishnamebytheteacher weeachwasB eachofushasC eachwehaveD wewereeach D Practicemakesperfect Anumberofstudents goneforanouting Thenumberofstudents increasingyearafteryear A have hasB is haveC has haveD have is 2 Eachstudent gotanEnglish Chinesedictionary Thestudentseach adictionary A have hasB has haveC have haveD has has 3 There apen anink bottle andsomebooksonit There somebowls platesandaspoononit A is areB are areC are isD is is D B A 6 Only10 ofthestudentsintheclass Leaguemembers About40 ofJim sincome totherent A are goesB are goC is goesD is go 5 Thepoliceman standingatthestreetcorner Thepolice searchingforhim A are isB are areC is areD is is A C 4 Mybluetrousers wornout Onepairoftrousers notenough A is areB are areC is isD are is D 7 Betweenthetworowsoftrees theteachingbuilding A standB standsC standingD arestanding B 8 Thewounded bythehospital A havebeentakeninB hasbeentakeninC havetakeninD hastakenin A 9 Aftersayinggood bye thecouplemovedoffand inthecrowd A waslostB werelostC hadlostD lost B 10 Thesalesmantoldmethatagoodsetoftires guaranteedtorunatleastfiftythousandmiles A wasB wereC hadbeenD willbe A 3 就近原则 所谓就近原则是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语 而无须考虑其他的词 1 以either or or neither nor和notonly butalso连接的两个主语 其谓语的单复数形式应与离谓语最近的主语保持一致 例如 Eitheryouorhehastogotherewithme 2 由there或here引起的主语 而又不止是一个时 采取就近原则 例如 Hereisapen afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou youorhetodrive sheoryouthere Are Was Practicemakesperfect There littlechangeinthatmiddleschool A haveB hadC havebeenD hasbeen 3 It snotyoubutMr Andersonwho toanswer theincident A are forB were toC is forD was back 2 neitheryounoryourbrotherinterestedinswimming A AreB IsC DoD Does D C A Such whathetoldme Such hiswords Thefollowing hisadviceonlearningEnglish Thefollowing sometipstolearnEnglish was were is are 主谓一致的测试热点 1 由manya或morethanone 单数名词作主语时 其谓语用单数形式 ManyaforeignerhasbeentotheGreatWall Morethanonestudenthasvisitedtheexhibition 2 的几分之几 和 的百分之几 作主语时 其谓语用单数或复数取决于of后的名词 Three fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea 40percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls 3 anumberof 名词复数 作主语 谓语用复数 thenumberof 名词复数 作主语 谓语用单数 Anumberofpupilslikereadingpicture books Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis55 4 并列主语如果指的是同一人 同一物或同一概念 谓语动词用单数 这时and后面的名词前没有冠词 ThesecretaryofthePartybranchanddirectorofthatfactoryoftenworkswiththeworkers 5 成对的名词 如breadandbutter涂黄油的面包 sodaandwater汽水 coffeeandmilk加牛奶的咖啡 aimandend目的 saltandwater盐开水 aneedleandthread ahorseandcart awatchandchain acoatandtie truthandhonesty medicalhelpandcure等 虽然有and连接 但仍表单一概念 作主语时 谓语用单数 Aknifeandforkisonthetable 6 由and连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each every或no修饰时 其谓语用单数形式 Nostudentandnoteacherisinvitedtotheparty Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhasrighttoreceiveeducation 7 主语是单数 其后跟有togetherwith alongwith 与 一道 aswellas 和 也 nolessthan 和 一样 ratherthan 而不 以及with not like but except besides including等引起的短语时 谓语动词一般用单数形式 HeaswellashissisterisaLeaguemember 8 在定语从句中主语是关系代词who that which 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致 I whoamyourteacher willteachyoueverythingIknow 9 主语是一些只有复数形式的名词 如clothes trousers glasses compasses scissors shoes socks gloves等时 谓语用复数 但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有apairof修饰时 谓语用单数 Mytrousersarebeingwashednow Thereisapairofshoesinthebox 10 表示度量 价格 时间的复数名词词组作主语时一般被看作一个整体 谓语用单数形式 Tendollarsisnotenough Threemonthshaspassedsinceheleft 11 主语是以 ics结尾的学科名词以及news works 工厂 等都属形式复数 而意义单数的名词 其谓语用单数形式 另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定 Mathematicsseemstobedifficulttolearn Anewmeansofteachingisbeingusedinthatschool 12 主语是用作书名 剧名 报纸名 国名等的复数名词 谓语一般用单数形式 TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry 13 主语是family team group crowd class committee等集合名词时 如果作为一个整体看待 谓语用单数形式 如指的是全体人员时 谓语用复数 Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers 14 oneof 复数名词 定语从句 之前有theonly thevery the等限定词和修饰语时 定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式 Sheistheonlyoneofthesewomenwhoplaystheviolin 15 主语是疑问代词who what which 不定代词all more most any none等以及名词half part therest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义 其谓语视情况而定 HalfofthevisitorsarefromEurope Halfofthefruitisbad 16 主语是表示数量的 oneandahalf 复数名词 其谓语用单数形式 主语是 oneortwo 复数名词 其谓语用复数形式 Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable ThereareoneortwothingsI dliketoknowabout 17 the 形容词或分词作主语时 如指一类人 其谓语用复数 如指抽象概念 其谓语用单数 如 Thericharenotalwayshappy Thenewissuretoreplacetheold 18 由notonly butalso neither nor either or not but以及or连接的并列主语 谓语动词要与最靠近它的主语在数上保持一致 Notonlyyourfather sfriendsbutalsoyourfatherlikessmoking 19 在倒装句中以及在Therebe 结构中 如主语是并列的 谓语动词往往和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的一致 Whereisyourmotherandyoungersister Thereisapen twopencilsandfivebooksonthedesk 20 主语people作 人们 人民 解时 谓语动词用复数 作 民族 解时 有单复数之分 Ourpeopleisagreatone Thereare56peoplesinChina 21 主语是a this thatkind sort typeof 名词 谓语用单数形式 主语指的不是一种而是多种 谓语动词用复数 Thiskindofclothfeelssoft Therearedifferentkindsofanimals 22 主语是 eachof neitherof eitherof oneof 等时 其谓语用单数 Eachofthemhashisownduty 23 陈述部分用everybody everyone somebody someone anybody anyone nobody noone或no 复数名词等作主语时 反意部分用they 而陈述部分用everything something nothing anything时 反意部分代词则采用单数 用it Somebodyiswaitingforyou aren they Everythingisallright isn tit 24 动名词或动词不定式作主语 其谓语用单数形式 Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryisnotdecidedye