物流英语课件ChapterVI.ppt

ChapterVIMaterialHandling Outline 1 PartIMaterialHandlingSystemOverviewofmaterialshandlingsystemClassifyofmaterialshandlingsystemsMechanizedmaterialshandlingsystemsSemi automatedmaterialshandlingsystemsAutomatedmaterialshandlingsystemsInformation directedmaterialshandlingsystems Outline 2 PartIIMechanizedMaterialHandlingEquipmentOverviewofmaterialshandlingequipmentTypesofmaterialshandlingequipmentlifttruckstowlinestwotractorwithtrailersconveyorscarousels PartIIISupplementaryReadingTotalU S ConsumptionofMaterialHandlingIndustry PartIMaterialHandlingSystemIntroductionofmaterialhandlingsystem Materialshandlingequipmentandsystemsoftenrepresentamajorcapitalinvestmentforanorganization Likethedecisionsrelatedtothenumber size andlocationofwarehouses materialshandlingcanaffectmanyaspectsofthefirm soperation TheMaterialsHandlingInstitute anindustrytradeassociationformanufacturersofmaterialshandlingequipmentandsystems hasestimatedthat Thehardwareandsoftwareusedtomove store control contain andunitizematerialsinfactoriesandwarehousesexceed 50billionannually TypesofMaterialHandlingSystem Materialhandlingsystemcanbeclassifiedasmechanized semi automated automated andinformation directed Acombinationoflaborandhandlingequipmentisutilizedinmechanizedsystemstofacilitatereceiving processing and orshipping Generally laborconstitutesahighpercentageofoverallcostinmechanizedhandling Muchofthegrowthinsizeandvarietyofthemarketisfueledbymajorchangesintherequirementsofwarehouseanddistributionoperations e g reducedordercycletimes reducedinventorylevels reducedordersizes SKUproliferation Automatedsystems incontrast attempttominimizelaborasmuchaspossiblebysubstitutingequipmentcapitalinvestment Whenacombinationofmechanicalandautomatedsystemsisusedtohandlematerial thesystemisreferredtoassemi automated Aninformation directedsystemappliescomputerizationtosequencemechanizedhandlingequipmentanddirectworkeffort Mechanizedhandlingsystemsaremostcommon buttheuseofsemi automatedandautomatedsystemsisincreasing Themaindrawbacktoautomatedhandlingislackofflexibility Onefactorcontributingtolowlogisticalproductivityisthatinformation directedhandlinghasyettoachieveitsfullpotential Thissituationispredictedtobedramaticallychangedduringthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury Mechanizedmaterialshandlingsystems Mechanizedmaterialshandlingequipmenthasbeenthemainstayofthetraditionalwarehousingandwilllikelycontinuetobeimportantevenwiththemovetowardautomatedwarehousing Mechanizedmaterialshandlingsystemsemployawiderangeofhandlingequipment Suchequipmentcanbecategorizedaccordingtothefunctionsperformed thatis storageandorderpicking transportationandsorting andshipping Semi automatedmaterialshandlingSystemMechanizedhandlingisoftensupplementedbysemiautomaticequipment Typicalequipmentsutilizedinsemi automatedhandlingsystemsincludesautomatedguidedvehiclesystems AGVS computerizedsortation roboticsandvariousformsofliveracks AutomatedmaterialshandlingSystem Forseveraldecadestheconceptofautomatedhandlinghasofferedgreatpotential Initialautomatedhandlingeffortsfocusedonmastercartonorderselectionsystems Recently emphasishasshiftedtoautomatedhigh risestorageandretrievalsystems Theappealofautomationisthatitsubstitutescapitalequipmentforlabor Inadditiontorequiringlessdirectlabor anautomatedsystemoperatesfasterandmoreaccuratelythanitsmechanizedcounterpart Table6 1showsthebenefitsofautomatedmaterialshandlingsystems Table6 1benefitsofautomatedmaterialshandlingsystems Source KoftQ Dadzie andWesleyJ Johnston InnovativeAutomationTechnologyinCorporateWarehousingLogistics JournalofBusinessLogistics 2 no 1 1991 p 76 Information DirectedmaterialshandlingSystems Theconceptofinformation directedisappealingbecauseitcombinesthecontroltypicalofautomatedhandlingwiththeflexibilityofmechanizedsystems Information directedsystemsusemechanizedhandlingcontrolledbyinformationtechnology Twocommonexamplesofinformation directedmaterialshandlingsystemsareRF controlledequipmentandlight directedoperations However automatedsystemsarenotwithoutdisadvantages Itsshortcomingsarethehighcapitalinvestment maintenancecosts inflexibilityandusertraining NewWordsandExpressions association E7sEusi5eiFEn n 协会proliferation prEu7lifE5reiFEn n 增殖 扩散automate 5C tEmeit v 使自动化 自动操作combination 7kCmbi5neiFEn n 组合 合并sequence 5si kwEns n 次序 顺序flexibility 7fleksE5biliti n 灵活性vehicle 5vi ikl n 交通工具 车辆sortation sR teIFEn n 分类robotics rEJ5bRtIks n 机器人学 机器人技术initial i5niFEl adj 最初的 初始的 PartIIMechanizedMaterialsHandlingEquipmentIntroduction Theprimarymissionofmaterialshandlingequipmentistofacilitatemerchandiseflowinanorderlyandefficientmannerfrommanufacturertopointofsale Inthissectionthefocusofdiscussionisputonthemechanizedmaterialshandlingequipment Thefollowingequipmentiscommonplaceinmanualwarehousing LiftTrucks Lifttrucks alsocalledforklifts canmoveloadsofmastercartonsbothhorizontallyandverticallybutarenotlimitedtounitloadhandling Boxesmayalsobetransporteddependinguponthenatureoftheproduct Manytypesoflifttrucksareavailable High stackingtrucksarecapableofupto40feetofverticalmovement Palletlessside clampversionsareavailableforhandlingbulkyproductwithoutpallets Otherlifttruckvariationsareavailablefornarrowaisleandside loadingoperations Particularattentiontonarrow aislelifttruckshasincreasedinrecentyears aswarehousesseektoincreaserackdensityandoverallstoragecapacity Thelifttruckisnoteconomicalforlong distancehorizontalmovementbecauseofthehighratiooflaborperunitoftransfer itismosteffectivelyutilizedinshippingandreceivingandplacingmerchandiseinhighcubestorage Walkie riderpallettrucks Walkie riderpallettrucksprovidealow cost effectivemethodofgeneralmaterialshandlingutility Typicalapplicationsincludeloadingandunloadingoftransportationequipment orderselectionandaccumulation andshuttlingloadsoverlongertransportationdistancesthroughoutthewarehouse Walkie riderpallettrucksarewidelyusedingrocerywarehouse TowlinesTowlinesconsistofeitherin floororoverhead mountedcableordragdevices Theyareutilizedtoprovidecontinuouspowertofour wheeltrailers Themainadvantageofatowlineiscontinuousmovement However suchhandlingdeviceshavefarlessflexibilitythanlifttrucks Themostcommonapplicationoftowlinesisfororderselection Orderselectorsplacemerchandiseonfour wheeltrailersthatarethentowedtotheshippingdock Anumberofautomateddecouplingdevicesareavailabletoroutetrailersfromthemaintowlinetotheshippingdocks TowTractorwithTrailers Atowtractorwithtrailerconsistsofadriver guidedpowerunittowinganumberofindividualfour wheeltrailersthatholdseveralunitizedloads Thetypicalsizeofthetrailersis4 8feet Thetowtractorwithtrailer likethetowline isusedtofacilitateorderselection Themainadvantageofatowtractorwithtrailersisflexibility Itisnotaseconomicalasthetowlinebecauseitrequiresmorelabor Conveyors Conveyorsareusedwidelyinshippingandreceivingoperationsandformthebasichandlingdeviceforanumberoforderselectionsystems Conveyorsareclassifiedaccordingtopower gravity androllerorbeltmovement Inpowersystems theconveyorispoweredbyadrivechainfromeitheraboveorbelow Considerableconveyorflexibilityisofferedinsuchpowerconfigurationinstallations Gravityandrollerorbeltsystemspermitthebasicinstallationtoberearrangedwithminimumdifficulty Portablegravity stylerollerconveyorsareoftenusedforloadingandunloadingand insomecases aretransportedonover the roadtrailerstoassistinunloadingvehicles Conveyorsareeffectiveinthatonlytheproductismoved eliminatingtheneedforamovementunittoreturn Carousels Acarouseloperatesonadifferentconceptthanmostothermechanizedhandlingequipment Ratherthanrequiringtheorderselectortogototheinventorystoragelocation thecarouselmovesinventorytotheorderselector Acarouselconsistsofaseriesofbinsmountedonanovaltrackorrack Theremaybemultipletracklevels allowingforveryhigh densitycarouselstorage Theentirecarouselrotates movingtheselectionbintoastationaryoperator Thetypicalcarouselapplicationistheselectionofpackagesinpack repack andserviceparts Therationalebehindcarouselsystemsistoshrinkorderselectionlaborrequirementsbyreducingwalkinglengthandtime Carousels particularlymodernstackablesystems alsosignificantlyreducestoragespacerequirements Somecarouselsystemsalsoutilizecomputer generatedpicklistsandcomputer directedcarouselrotationtofurtherincreaseselectionproductivity Thesesystemsarereferredtoaspaperlesspickingbecausenopaperworkexiststoslowdownemployeeefforts Avariationofthecarouselsystemismovableracks Suchracksmovehorizontallytoeliminatethepermanentaislebetweentheracks Thissystem oftenusedinlibraries providesmorestoragedensitybutreducespickingefficiencysincetheracksmustbemovedtoaccessspecificproducts Themechanizedmaterialshandlingequipmentdiscussedisrepresentativeofawiderangeofalternatives Mostsystemscombinedifferenthandlingdevices Forexample lifttrucksmaybeusedforverticalmovementswhiletowtractorwithtrailersandwalkie riderpallettrucksaretheprimarymethodsofhorizontaltransfer NewWordsandExpressions facilitate fE5siliteit v lifttruckunitloadaisle ail n walkie riderpallettruckapplication 7Apli5keiFEn n accumulation Ekju mjJ5leIF E n n towline tEJlaIn n decoupling di5kQpliN n towtractorwithtrailers 推动 使便利叉车 铲车单元负载走廊 过道步行码垛车应用堆积 累积拖缆退耦 解耦带挂车的牵引车 conveyor kQn5veIE r n shippingandreceivingoperationconfiguration kEn7fi ju5reiFEn n carousel 7kArE5zel n bin bin n oval 5EuvEl adj multiple 5mQltipl adj rotate rEu5teit v stationary 5steiF E nEri adj rationale 7rAFE5nB li n stackable stAkEbl adj 输送设备 输送带发运和接收操作构造 结构 配置 外形旋转式传送带储料箱卵形的 椭圆的多样的 多重的v 成倍增加 使 旋转不动的 固定的基本原理可叠起堆放的 PartIIITotalU S ConsumptionofMaterialHandlingIndustryOverviewoftheequipmentconsumptioninU S TheannualconsumptionofmaterialhandlingequipmentsystemsintheUnitedStateshasgrownto 64billionperyear asof2000 Thisconsumptiontakesplaceinvirtuallyalldiscreteprocessandserviceindustrysectorswiththevastmajoritybeingfoundthroughoutconstruction manufacturingandservice GeographicConsumptionPatternsMaterialHandlingIndustryhascreatedananalysisprogramknownasMHITAP MaterialHandlingIndustryTerritoryAnalysisProgram Includedintheprogramareaseriesofuniquemodelsthatpredicttheconsumption diffusion ofmaterialhandlingequipmentandsystems TwoMHITAPmodelswereappliedtotheconsumptionmodelabovetoconstructthetwodiffusionmapsbelow oneforequipmentandasecondforintegratedsystems Bothmapsshowpercentageoftotalconsumptionbygeographicregion MaterialHandlingLogisticsBusinessCycle Theoverallmaterialhandlingindustrybusinesscyclebehavessomewhatpredictablywhenlookedatonarate of changebasis Whileamplitude growthordecline willchange theperiodbetweenhighsandlowshasprovenrepeatable Occasionally aswasthecaseinthe 96 98period thedeclinephaseofthecyclewasactuallyseenasonlyamoderationofgrowththatis theindustrysawpositivegrowththroughoutthecycle Indicationsbasedonhistorypointtorealgrowthatagreaterthaninflationrateintothebeginningofthenewcentury Itshouldbenotedthatdifferentsegmentsorequipmentgroupswithintheindustrywillleadorlagthisoverallindustrychartgenerallyasafunctionofdifferingordertoinstallationleadtimes Theyear2001sawmaterialhandlingequipmentnewordersdeclineapproximately10 whileshipmentsdeclined5 3 andoverallconsumptiondeclined6 1 Trendsofmaterialhandlingequipmentandthesystem Lookingbeyond2002 thereistheexpectationthatthematerialhandlingindustrywillundergoapositiveturnaroundinearnestduring2003andshouldsustainpositivegrowththroughouttheyear Amorecomprehensiveforecastofthematerialhandlingindustryisavailable Inthemeantimeavarietyofchangesarecontinuing thatimpacttheapplicationofmaterialhandlingequipmentandsystems Continuedshifttowardequipmentversusnewplantcapitalspending Anincreaseinnewconstructionactivitytoaddcapacitytodealwithanincreasingeconomy Materialhandlinglogisticsbeingseenasastrategicversustacticalactivity GlobalizationofAmericancompanies Concurrencewithwhichgoodsandinformationaremovedalongthesupplychannels Masscustomizationandelectroniccommerce Marketforces startingwiththeconsumer aredrivinglogisticalevolutionthroughoutthesupplychainastheconsumerdemandsvariety availability convenience qualityandaffordability Asaresult efficientphysicalmovementofmerchandisefromproduce