计算机英语课后单词汇总.docx

第一单元 计算机与计算机科学1.artificialintelligence人工智能2.paper-tapereader纸带阅读器3.opticalcomputer光计算机4. neuralnetwork神经网络5.instructionset指令集6.parallelprocessing并行处理7.differenceengine差分机8.versatilelogicalelement通用逻辑元件9.siliconsubstrate硅基10.vacuumtube真空管11.数据的存储于处理 thestorageandhandlingofdata12.超大规模集成电路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit13.中央处理器centralprocessingunit14.个人计算机personalcomputer15.模拟计算机analoguecomputer16.数字计算机digitalcomputer17. 通用计算机general-purposecomputer18. 处理器芯片processorchip19. 操作指令operatinginstructions20. 输入设备inputdevice第二单元 计算机体系结构1.functionkey功能键，操作键2.voicerecognitionmodule语音识别模块3.touch-sensitiveregion触敏区4.addressbus地址总线5.flatbedscanner平板扫描仪6.dot-matrixprinter点阵打印机（针式打印机）7.parallelconnection并行连接8.cathoderaytube阴极射线管9.videogame电子游戏10.audiosignal音频信号11.操作系统operatingsystem12.液晶显示（器）LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)13.喷墨打印机inkjetprinter14.数据总线databus15.串行连接serialconnection16.易失性存储器volatilememory17.激光打印机laserprinter18.磁盘驱动器diskdrive19.基本输入/输出系统BIOS(BasicInput/OutputSystem)20.视频显示器videodisplay第三单元 计算机语言与编程1. storageregister存储寄存器2.functionstatement函数语句3.programstatement程序语句4. object-orientedlanguage面向对象语言5.assemblylanguage汇编语言6.intermediatelanguage中间语言，中级语言7.relationallanguage关系（型）语言8.artificiallanguage人工语言9.datadeclaration数据声明10.SQL结构化查询语言11.可执行程序executableprogram12.程序模块programmodule13.条件语句conditionalstatement14.赋值语句assignmentstatement15. 逻辑语言logiclanguage16. 机器语言machinelanguage17.函数式语言functionallanguage18.程序设计语言programminglanguage19.运行计算机程序runacomputerprogram20.计算机程序员computerprogrammer第四单元 软件开发1.inferenceengine推理机2.systemcall系统调用3.compiledlanguage编译执行的语言4.parallelcomputing并行计算5.patternmatching模式匹配6.memorylocation存储单元7.interpreterprogram解释程序8.libraryroutine库程序，程序库例行程序9.intermediateprogram中间程序，过渡程序10.sourcefile源文件11.解释执行的语言interpretedlanguage12.设备驱动程序devicedriver13.源程序sourceprogram14.调试程序debuggingprogram15.目标代码objectcode16.应用程序applicationprogram17.实用程序utilityprogram18.逻辑程序logicprogram19.墨盒inkcartridge20.程序的存储与执行programstorageandexecution第六单元 数据库1. enduser最终用户，终端用户2.atomicoperation原子操作3.databaseadministrator数据库管理员4.relationaldatabasemodel关系数据库模型5.localdata本地数据6.object-orienteddatabase面向对象数据库7.databasemanagementsystem(DBMS)数据库管理系统8.entity-relationshipmodel(ERM)实体关系模型9. distributeddatabase分布式数据库10. Flat file平面文件11.二维表two-dimensionaltable12.数据属性dataattribute13. 数据库对象databaseobject14. 存储设备storagedevice15. 数据类型datatype16. 数据插入与删除datainsertionanddeletion17. 层次数据库模型hierarchicaldatabasemodel18. 数据库体系结构databasearchitecture19. 关系数据库管理系统relational database management system (RDBMS)20. 全局控制总线globalcontrolbus第七单元 计算机网络1.fileserver文件服务器2. carriersense载波检测，载波监听3.protocolsuite协议组，协议集4.peer-to-peermodel对等模型5.bustopologynetwork总线拓扑网络6.inter-machinecooperation机器间合作，计算机间合作7.Ethernetprotocolcollection以太网协议集8.proprietarynetwork专有网络9.utilitypackage实用软件包，公用程序包10.starnetwork星形网络11.局域网localareanetwork(LAN)12.令牌环tokenring13.无线网络wirelessnetwork14.封闭式网络closednetwork15.环形拓扑结构ringtopology16.客户机/服务器模型client/servermodel17.网络应用程序networkapplication18.进程间通信interprocesscommunication19.打印服务器printserver20.广域网wideareanetwork(WAN)第八单元 因特网 1.cellphone蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2. IPaddress网际协议地址，IP地址3.autonomoussystem自主系统4. dial-upconnection拨号连接5. networkidentifier网络标识符6. binarynotation二进制记数法7.mnemonicname助记名，缩写名8. Internet-widedirectorysystem因特网范围的目录系统9.nameserver名称服务器10. Internetinfrastructure因特网基础结构11. 助记地址mnemonicaddress12.网吧cybercafe13.宽带因特网访问broadbandInternetaccess14.顶级域名top-leveldomain(TLD)15.因特网编址Internetaddressing16.点分十进制记数法dotteddecimalnotation17.因特网服务提供商Internetserviceprovider(ISP)18.专用因特网连接dedicatedInternetconnection19.主机地址hostaddress20.硬件与软件支持hardwareandsoftwaresupport第七单元选词填空 Computers can communicate with other computers through a series of connections and associated hardware called a network. The advantage of a network is that data can be exchange rapidly,and software and hardware resources ,such as hard-disk space or printers ,can be shared. Networks also allow remote use of a computer by a user who cannot physically access the computer. One type of network, a local area network(LAN),consists several PCs or workstation connected to a special computer called a server,often within the same building or office complex .The server stores and manage programs and data.A server often contains all of a networked groups data and enables LAN workstations or PCs to be set up without large storage capabilities. In this scenario(方案),each PC may have “local” memory (for example,a hard drive) specific to itself,but the bulk of storage resides on the server.This r