Grammar1 (2).doc

GRAMMAR虚拟语气（上）想一想 请观察下列几组句子，想一想其中谓语动词的用法有何特点。1. a. If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.b. If he had taken your advice, he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake.c. If he were / should be / were to be given another chance, he could certainly do a much better job.2. a. Were it not for their help, we would be in serious trouble.b. Had we started a bit earlier, we would not have missed the train.c. Should he leave for Paris today, he would get there by Friday.3. a. I wish I had more time.b. I wish you hadnt told me all this.c. I wish you would stay a little longer.4. a. He talks as though he knew where she was.b. He talked about Rome as though he had been there himself.c. You look as if you didnt care.讲一讲 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于条件从句、让步从句和名词性从句中。通过观察、分析以上几组例句，我们可以发现与之相对应的虚拟语气用法原则：一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法：1. 与现在事实相反或实现可能性不大：从句的谓语用动词的过去式，主句的谓语用would / should / could / might + 动词原形。注意：be的过去式通常用were。2. 与过去事实相反：从句的谓语用had + 过去分词，主句的谓语用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。3. 与将来事实相反：从句的谓语可以用动词的过去式，也可用were to / should + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would / should / could / might + 动词原形。4. 当从句谓语中有were / had / should时，可将if省略，而将were / had / should 提前。二、虚拟语气在wish的宾语从句中的用法：在wish 后的宾语从句中，谓语用法如下：1. 表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用动词过去式；2. 表示过去没有实现的愿望，从句的谓语用had + 过去分词；3. 表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用would / could / might + 动词原形。三、虚拟语气在as if / as though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中的用法：在以as if / as though引导的表语从句或状语从句中的谓语形式：表示现在情况时用动词过去式，表示过去情况时用had + 过去分词。不过，as if / as though引导的从句如果是事实或可能性很大时，多用陈述语气，特别是在句型“It looks as if . / It seems as if .”中，用陈述语气较常见。如：It seems as if the teacher is not satisfied with our performance.Better take an umbrella with you. It looks as if a big storm is just around the corner.练一练 用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Had the weather been good, we _ (go) out for a walk.2. If there _ (be) any change about the date, I would inform you in time.3. If I _ (leave) sooner, Id have caught the bus.4. We all wish that our English teacher _ (join) us in the game.5. _ (be) I to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 6. Had I turned off the electric heater, the house _ (not catch) fire.7. The boy can play football so well as if he _ (train) for years.8. If you _ (come) yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.参考答案:Key: 1. would / could / should / might have gone 2. were to be /