Ananysis of application of GIS on City Carbon Footprint.doc

Ananysis of application of GIS on City Carbon FootprintXiao jin liang，Jin wang，Liu chang chengAbstract： “Low-carbon city” is the tendency of future society，“Carbon Footprint” as Carbon emissions units of measurement，is Slowly being recognized。 Space data could be get ，stored，managed，analyzed through GIS。The Special physical propertie of Carbon dioxide can be represented by Remote Sensing，then GIS produced the image，get the buffer。Designing of buffer of Carbon Footprint can help us guide construction of “Low-carbon city”。Key word： “Carbon Footprint”； GIS；“Low-carbon city”GIS is a kind of specific very important space information system, is in computer hardware and software system support, to the whole or part of the earths surface (including atmosphere) concerned distribution data acquisition, storage, management, operations, analysis, display and description of the technical system 1. In recent years, with the development of computer technology and popularization, GIS has been used in all areas of society, resource management, transportation, electronic business affairs, the population management, environment monitoring and environment protection, etc.1. The GIS concept and function(1) GIS conceptGIS namely the Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System), after 40 years of development, to today has become a quite mature technology, and get a wide range of applications. GIS concept complex, different fields the concept is different, in simple terms, GIS is surveying and mapping measurement for the foundation, by the database as the data storage and use of the data, computer programming as a platform of global spatial analysis real-time technology. This is the essence of GIS, also is the core.(2) GIS compositionFrom the point of view of the application, the geographical information system by the hardware, software, data, personnel and the method of five parts . Hardware and software for the geographic information system construction to provide environment; Data is the important content of the GIS; Methods for GIS construction to provide solutions; Personnel is the key of the system construction and dynamic factors, directly affects and coordinate several other component.(3) GIS functionJust GIS itself, most of the function is more of the average all GIS with five types of basic function , they are: data collection function; Data editing and processing; Data storage, the organization and management functions; Space inquires space analysis function and; Data output functions.2. The concept and application of carbon footprintCarbon Footprint (Carbon Footprint) is usually defined as a activities and products with the whole life cycle of process which directly or indirectly from the Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, used to measure the institutions or individuals for consumption energy and produce Carbon dioxide emissions into the environmental impact of index 2. And greenhouse gas emissions differs from consumption carbon footprint of the definition of perspective, breaking down the narrow sense of carbon emissions concept. This image shows the darling read individual and unit in greenhouse gas produced by the traces of process. At present the application of carbon footprint can be divided into personal carbon footprint, product carbon footprint, enterprises carbon footprint, city such as carbon footprint. Individual and collective can determine their carbon footprint through to control and constraint its action, in order to realize the energy and emission reduction goals 3.Achieve a low carbon economy is the key link of greenhouse gas reduction, as global warming important reason, the greenhouse effect and greenhouse gas emissions has drawn the attention of governments and the public. Carbon Footprint (Carbon Footprint) is to image and accurately measuring greenhouse gas emissions on climate and the influence of human life and proposed the new concept, is used to measure the energy generated by the daily CO2 emissions of the environmental impact of the new index 4. The experts and scholars put forward carbon footprint concept the debate, no unified have is the basis of the concept of theory system. The research carbon footprint concept, the scientific understanding of the application of carbon footprint, and be more accurate guide a low carbon economy development.3. GIS in the city of the application of the carbon footprintThe concentration of carbon dioxide emissions in the city and point can be through remote sensing satellite accurately represented by image, GIS powerful data acquisition and editing functions can be the concentration of carbon dioxide will drain point in database and the form of storage and management, through analysis of carbon dioxide space, can accurate guide of the city carbon footprint, so as to the city land use configuration, the urban industrial distribution and so good guidance significance, its ideas as shown in figure 1.The geographic information systemCarbon footprint spatial decision support systemCarbon footprint system simulationCarbon footprint analysis modelCarbon footprint databaseCarbon footprint theory libraryCarbon footprint decision makersCarbon footprint data extractionchnologies, carbon footprint analysis technologyCarbon footprint mass data acquisition and storageFigure 1 GIS in the city of the application of the carbon footprint4. Carbon footprint GIS to its realization(1) Carbon dioxide concentrations of remote sensing image acquisitionWeather satellites using carried by the various meteorological remote sensors, receiving and measurements from the earth, the sea and the atmospheric visible irradiation, infrared radiation and microwave radiation information, then bringing them into electrical signal transfer to the ground station. In the station staff can through part of the infrared light gas analysis (carbon dioxide to infrared selective absorption. Within a certain range, and the concentration of carbon dioxide absorption value in a linear relationship), according to absorb carbon dioxide concentration values. The concentration of carbon dioxide to city partition data collection, in the form of remote sensing image into figure, as shown in figure 2 shows.Carbon footprint mass dataThe computer, staffReceiving portRemote sensing satellite计算机Figure 2 Carbon footprint extensive data available(2) Data management and storageThrough the computer processing of remote sensing image after through digital, you will not be able to store, the digital data obtained in combination with the surface related data (and text data) for processing and storage, and finally form the vector data, in the process of storage to comply with the following principles:1) Data time consistency. Carbon dioxide concentration in the acquisition must is a period of time inside of the same area, because such data to study to have the actual meaning; And the smaller the area, the more data have reality, the accuracy is high, the stronger the empirical research.2) Statistical consistency. Statistical method are many, because the data content, so in statistical point concentration, or surface concentration need to pay attention to the unit, the decimal point factors3) Space covers integrity. The acquisition of spatial data, the need of the area defined the edge of accurate, in general to more than the regions administrative boundaries, in through the graphics processing shear, not lost the point boundary, otherwise, it will cause the loss of data, and cant correctly guiding our decision.4) To the unity of the coordinate system. Because the layer come from different channels, each layer has his own coordinate system, needs to be added together for operation, it must keep these layer coordinate system is consistent. Or they cant in the same range shows at the same time, the more cannot be added together to make spatial query and analysis. Data processing of simple process, as shown in figure 3.MapDigital dataText dataStaffDigitalData transmission Adjustment and chooseData acquisitiondata preparationlayerTo matchData processingDatabase managementFigure 3 Data processing flow(3) Carbon footprint buffer area was establishedBuffer is to identify a geographical entity or space objects around it to the ground in their effect is built around a certain width with stripe region 1. Regional carbon footprint is the general point or form, sets up a buffer is simple, namely to a certain point elements to the right, buffer radius R for round, get some elements of the buffer zone, The establishment of the surface buffer, is the face of the boundary element for baseline to inside and outside as parallel lines, parallel lines and the area is the baseline face buffer. Through the vector method can get carbon footprint area of the buffer zone. In the buffer algorithm, the need to pay attention to a problem is the overlap and merger buffer polygon, including the same elements of buffer overlapping and more of the components of the overlap between buffer.(4) Buffer analysisThe establishment of the buffer, through the area size and color depth difference can image points out that the area of distribution of carbon footprint, combined with city industrial distribution, the traffic, energy configuration, can correct guiding urban traffic layout, adjustment and the renewal of the energy industry. Directly for policy makers made reasonable judgment provide effective reference.5. EpilogueAlong with the development of GIS technology, in the field of urban planning application will also face huge opportunities and challenges, the need of GIS design personnel comprehensive effort 5. In the climate warming has become the threat today all mankind, man