八下Unit1-3.doc

1.Some phrasal verbs:（重点动词词组）一1 将来 in the future 2. 一百年之后 in 100 years3 爱上 fall in love with 4. 能够做某事 be able to do sth.5. 世界杯 the World Cup6. 实现 come true7 数以百计的 hundreds of8. 叫醒/唤醒 wake up9. 某地有某人在做某事 there be sb. doing sth.8 二1.打电话给某人 call sb.up 2.过时的；落伍的 out of style 3.怎么了？ Whats wrong?/Whats the matter?/Whats the trouble?/Whats the problem?4请求帮助 ask sb. for sth. 5付钱 pay for 6.与.同样的 the same as 7查明；发现 find out 8.把某事遗忘在某地 leave sth.somewhere 9其他的每一个人 everyone else 10.直到才 not.until 11.与打架 fight with sb. 12.到了该做某事的时间了Its time to do sth. 13.尽可能的asas possible . 14.生某人的气be angry wih sb. 15发现干某事是怎么样的find it .to do sth 16.看起来要做某事seem to do sth 17与相处融洽get on/along well with 三1.in front of 在（范围之外）的前面 2.get out of 到外，离开3.call the police 报警 4.take off (飞机)起飞；脱（衣帽）5.an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历 6.take photos 照相7.run away跑开，逃跑 8.at the doctors 在医务室，在诊所9.hear about/of 听说，得知 10.take place发生单词解析1.everything 每件事物Everything (be) ready. Lets begin our meeting.Everyone else in my class (be) invited exept me.2. alone 单独的 孤独的 强调数量上的“独自一个”无感情色彩lonely孤独的 寂寞的 强调心理上的“孤独”，有浓厚的感情色彩He has lived here for ten years, but he never feels .3.fewer,less,moreFewer是few的比较级，译为更少的。它只能用来修饰可数名词的复数Less是little的比较级，译为较少的较小的，他只能用来修饰不可数名词More是many和much的比较级，译为更大的更多的，既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词EX：1）There will be (更少的)people in the countryside in the future 2)We will have (更少的)rice this year 3)Kids need (更多的)activities in the open air 4.be able to能够做某事Can和be able to表示能力时用法相同，can只有现在时和过去时（could）；Be able to 有现在时、过去时和将来时三种时态Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year,but now he can (同义转换)They will be able to come back next week(同义转换)5.hundreds of 数百，成百上千的数词hundred,thousand,million前面有基数词修饰表示确切数字时，本身不能用复数。前面没有基数词修饰，表示不确切的数字时，本身要用复数形式及of.Two _ （百）books 数千人_ 三一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常常与表示将来的时间状语连用。时间状语1）tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening 2）next year/week/month/hour 3）in+段时间 4)in the future 5)this afternoon/Sunday/evening 6)from now on 7)one day,someday （未来的）某天 常用的表达形式共有两种，现归纳如下： 1.用will或shall表示 “助动词will或shall+动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。在口语中will用于所有人称，书面语中第一人称常用shall【其实will也可以用到】。如： 1. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。 2. The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。 3. Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿，好吗？ 4. Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开，好吗？ 2.用be going to结构表示 “be going to+动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算；就要”。如： 1. Were going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。 2. Look! Its going to rain. 瞧！快下雨了。 1）I dont want to surprise him.我不想使他吃惊。surprisev.使吃惊 使 感到突然其后常接人作宾语。（过去式为surprised）n.吃惊；惊奇；惊讶常用词组:in surprise 惊奇地to ones surprise 使感到吃惊/吃惊的是拓展由surprise加-ed,-ing分别构成的形容词：surprised/surprising两者的区别在于：（1）surprised 意为“感到惊奇的”，常用来说明人的感受，常用句型：sb. be surprised at 及sb. be surprised to do sth.(2)surprising 意为“令人惊奇的”。常用来修饰说明事物，在句中作定语或表语。Eg:Surprising news always surprises me. That is to say, we are surprised at surprising news.令人吃惊的消息总是使我们吃惊，也就是说，我们对令人吃惊的消息感到吃惊。Ex:1)你总是让我吃惊。You always _ _. 2)使我们吃惊的是这个男孩钢琴弹的如此好。_ _ _ ,the boy plays the piano so well.3)听到青海玉树发生地震的消息，我们感到很吃惊。We _ _at the news that an earthquake happened in Yushu,Qinghai.2.I need to get some money to pay for the summer camp.我需要一些钱来支付夏令营的费用。pay 意为“付款；付的费用”，其常用句型有：pay sb.向某人付钱 pay for sth.为而付款 pay some money for sth.为某物付钱EX:1)我花了十元钱买了这本书。I _ 10 yuan for the book. 2)我昨天向他付过钱了。I _ him yesterday. 3)如果你丢了这本书，你必须偿还。If you lose the book, you must _ _ it.3. No, he doesnt have any money, either . 不，他也没有钱。 Either/too/also 表示“也” either意为“也（不）用在否定句句末，常用逗号隔开too意为“也”,用在陈述句句末，常用逗号隔开also意为“也”，用在肯定句中间，位于be 动词，助动词或情态动词后，行为动词前Ex:1)He cant play the guitar. I cant ,_. 2)My brother likes surfing the Internet. I like surfing the Internet,_.3)He is good at swimming. And he is _ good at skating.4.I think Erin should tell her friend to get different clothes.我认为艾琳应当告诉他的朋友买不同的衣服。1)tell“告诉，讲述”，其后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语，即tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”，其否定表达为tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。2）类似的用法的词还有：want ,ask ,order 等，want/ask/order sb.(not ) to do sth.想让/要求/命令某人（不要）做某事a.老师告诉我们要按时到校。The teacher told us _ _ to school on time.b.告诉他不要在街上踢球。Tell him _ _ _ soccer in the street.c.她要求我帮她学英语。She asked me_ _ her with her English.5.Everyone else in my class was invited except me.Except 意为“除了之外”不包括它后面的宾语，含有“减去”的意思Besides意为“除了.之外还有”.包括它后面的宾语在内，有”加上“的意思a. 除了汤姆外，其他的人都去看足球了。Everyone _ went to watch the football match _Tom.b. 除了擅长跑步，他还擅长游泳和滑冰。He is good at swimming and akating _ running .6.And they are always comparing them with other children .Compare “比较，对照”。其结构：comparewith将.与.作比较；compare to把比作.a. 不要拿自己和别人作比较。Dont _ yourself _others.b. 莎士比亚把世界比做舞台。Shakespeare _ the world _ a stage.7.She also says that these children may find it hard to think for themselves when they are older.她也说当这些孩子长大后可能发现自己难以独立思考。Find +it +形容词+(for sb.)to do sth.发现做某事（对某人来说）.,其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。【拓展】find sb./sth.doing sth.“发现在做某事”。a. 我发现学英语很有趣。I _ it interesting _ _ English.b. 他发现一只小狗躺在树下。He found a dog _ under the tree.3.语法专练 1. 你应该对他说对不起。You _ _ sorry to him. 2.学生应该努力学习。Students _ _ hard.3.你不应该天天玩游戏。You _ _ games every day. 4. 我认为此刻她或许到家了。I think she _ arrive home now.Should 是情态动词，后接_ ;表否定时要在should 后加上_,缩写为_ ,其基本用法：（1）表示建议（2）表示劝告（3）表示义务（4）表示可能性或判断1.-Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes ,of course, you_. A can B could C will D need2._ you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the telephone number.A Should B Could C Will D Need3.- I need some money to buy a computer. - Maybe you _ get a part-time job.A must B may C couldt D couldCould 是_的过去式，但常用来表示委婉语气，此时与过去式无关，语气比can 更委婉。其基本用法：（1）表示请求或许可。这时could 常用于疑问句中，表示委婉语气，其答语中要用can或cant 表示接受请求或拒绝请求。（2）表示建议或劝告，意为“可以，不妨”等。 1.While the girl was shopping, the alien got out.当那个女孩买东西时，外星人出来了。When/While 引导的时间状语（1）when引导的时间状语从句，即可以表示“一段时间”，也可以表示“某一时刻”，因此从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。主，从句所表示的动词即可以同时发生，也可按先后顺序发生。（2）while 引导的时间状语从句只表示“某一段时间”，因此从句中的谓语动词应为延续性动词。所以从句常用进行时态，也常用语两个同时进行的动作。Eg: 1) What were your classmate doing _ you came into the classroom？2）_ I was walking to school yesterday ,I met my old friend Jenny.3)_ we were playing games, someone knocked at the door .4)My father was reading the newspaper _ my mother was watching TV last night. 2.You can imagine how strange it was! 你能想象它有多麽奇异！（1）how 引导感叹句时长修饰形容词或副词，它引导的感叹句的基本结构是：How +形容词、副词 +主语+谓语+其他！（2）what 引导感叹句时修饰名词，它引导的感叹句的基本结构是：What a /an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他！What+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+主语+谓语+其他！1）_ beautiful the flowers are ! 2) _ hard she works ! 3) _ a kind girl she is!4) _ an interesting story it is! 5) _ fine weather it is !3.What happened while Linda was on the telephone ? 琳达打电话时发生了什么？1) happen 常指具体事件的发生，特指那些偶然的或未能预见的事件的发生。常用结构：某事+happen(s/ed) +to +某人 某人发生了某事 sb. happened to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 take place /happen(1) take place 和happen 都表示“发生” ，都是不及物动词，无被动语态。两者都是短暂性的动词，不能与“一段时间”的状语连用。(2) take place 表示按照预先计划，安排某事发生。happen 往往表示偶然性的，没有预料的事情“突然发生”1） 2010 年8月7日舟曲发生了泥石流。 A mudslide _ in Zhouqu on A ugust 7,2010.2） 昨天汤姆出了什么事？ What _ _ Tom yesterday? 3)五四运动发生在1919年。 The May 4th Movement _ _ in 1949.过去进行时（一）含义及构成 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作，其结构为： 肯定形式：主语+was / were +V-ing 否定形式：主语+was not (wasnt) / were not (werent) +V-ing 疑问形式：Was / Were+主语+V-ing。(二) 用法 1.表示_ 某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。与过去某一特定的时间状语连用，常见的有：at 3 oclock yesterday afternoon ,in those days , at this time yesterday 等2.表示过去一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，持续时间长的动作用过去进行时，常用在while 引导的时间状语从句中。 3. 过去进行时的特殊用法 与go ,come, leave ,start 等瞬间动词连用时，过去进行时表示过去将要进行的动作。金题精讲一选择（ ）1.He is happy that he _in a tall apartment next year.A. live B. lives C. will live D. will living（ ）2.Will there be more people in 100 years, do you think? _,I hope.A. No, there isnt B. No, there arent C. No, there wont D. No, they wont.（ ）7.If there are _trees, the air in our city will be _ cleaner.A. less; more B. more; more C. more; much D. much; more（ ）8.I predict he will be an engineer _ten years because he is so interested in making things.A. in B. after C. later D. for（ ）9.There were many famous predictions that never_.A. come true B. came real C. came true D. be true（ ）10.It _ that everyone _ to laugh.A. seems; lovesB. seem; loveC. seems; love D. seem; loves（ ）13.How many people _there fifty years ago.A. willB. wereC. areD. will be（ ）14.In AD 20 000,what_the world be like?A. isB. willC. wasD. are（ ）17.I was bad at English last term, I will try my best to learn it _.A. from then onB. from last termC. from onD. from now on（ ）19.I will have many different _.A. kinds of goldfishes B. kind of goldfishes C. kind of goldfish D. kinds of goldfish（ ）20.Every day he makes me_ early and _ in the morning.A. to get up; runB. get up; to run C. to get up; to runD. get up; run（ ）21. There _a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going toB. will going to beC. is going to beD. will go to be（ 24. There _a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. wasB. is going to haveC. will haveD.is going to be1. - Could you tell me the way to the station?- Sorry ,I dont know the way to the station ,_. A too B also C either D neither2. On Mothers Day I bought some flowers_ my mum. A to B for C of D at3. Erin doesnt like her friend who has the same haircut _ she does .A with B at C as D like4. You shoule tell her _ to school on time . A get B getting C to get D got5. I _ my backpack at school yesterday afternoon. A forget B forgot C leave D left6. Could you please give her_ ? A an advice B some advices C some advice D a good advice 7. All of us find_ necessary to take exercise every day.A this B that C it D them 8. You have made some mistakes again. I think you _ be more careful next time.A can B may C should D would 9. - Mark,you look so tired . - Oh ,I didnt go to bed _ it was 12 oclock last night.A unless B after C until D as10. We also learn how to _ well with others at school.A get to B get on C get down D get up11. College students are old enough to teach_.A them B their C themselves D they 12. - _? - I often feel stressed out. A How are you B Whats wrong with you C May I help you D Could you help me 16.The boy _ 10 yuan for the music CD. A cost B spent C paid D take17.Im new here. I dont know anyone else _Bob. A except B besides C with D for 18 - How long could I _ your English-Chinese dictionary? - Only one day ,please. A keep B borrow C lend D get 19.If you compare British English _ American English ,you ll find many differences. A from B to C with D at（）1.What_you_whenshecamein?A.did,doB.are,doingC.do,doD.were,doing（）2.Thegirlisill.Shes_. A.inhospitalB.inthehospitalC.athospitalD.atthehospital（）3.Thepatients（病人）arewaiting_.A.atthedoctorB.atthedoctors C.inthedoctor D.indoctors（）4.WherewasDavy_Lindawaslookingforhim? A.that B.while C.at D.where（）5.Theyarethinkingabout_thepoorchildren. A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helps( )6.Thewomancouldntseeherson_.Shesveryworried. A.anywhereB.somewhereC.nowhereD.where（）7.Theyaretalkingaboutsomething_thetelephone. A.inB.on C.atD.for（）8.Wewerevery_thatJimdidntpasstheexam. A.surpriseB.surprisingC.surprised D.surprises（）9.Justnowshesawtheman_intotheroom. A.goB.went C.goes D.togo（）10.Theresabigtree_thebuilding. A.infrontof B.inthefrontofC.infrontD.atthefrontof13. Xiao Hong is scared of _ English. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning14. When it _ tomorrow, I will stay at home. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. rained15. There are ten _ young people in the playground. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of16. What _ she _ this time last Friday? A. did, do B. is, doing C. was, doing D. were, doing18. _ strange man he is! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a24. Shanghai is a very beautiful city and I _ it very soon.A. fall in love with B. fall in love aboutC. felt in love about D. feel in love with26. What happened _ you? A. to B. with C. in D. for27. I didnt think _ making _ with him A. out, friends B. about, a friend C. up, a friend D. of, friends29. _ cold weather it is! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a四. 完形填空 (10分) Today more and more families have their own computers. Parents buy computers 1 their children. They 2 computers can help them improve their studies in school. However, many of their children 3 computers to play games, to watch videos 4 to sing karaoke instead of(而不是) studying. So many teachers and parents complain(抱怨) that computers can not help children study _5_ make them fall behind. So computers are put away _6_ parents. In 7 countries, even some scientists also 8 computers. They say computers let many people 9 their jobs or 10 them a lot of trouble(麻烦).( )21.A.to B. on C. with D. for( )22.A.hope B. want C. thinks D. let( )23.A.make B. get C. use D. have( )24.A.and B. or C. but D. so( )25.A.and B. or C. but D. so( )26.A.for B. by C. with D. in( )27.A.other some B. some else C. else some D. some other( )28.A.like B. want C. hate D. buy( )29.A.to lose B. lose C. have D. to have( )30.A.take B. get C. bring D. find五.阅读理解（30分）（A）Are you able to send a letter with pictures and sounds to someone somewhere in the world without a stamp on it? Using a computer you can send e-mails quickly and easily. The post is much slower than e-mail. E-mail can send its message to the other side of the world in seconds.E-mail is easy to use and it saves time and money. The differences in time in different parts of the world do not matter when sending e-mail. Its twenty-four-hour service that you can send e-mail at any time of the day or night. No one has to be there to get e-mail. It does not matter if your friends are in beds when you send e-mail to them, or you are seeing a movie at the movie theater when t