中考英语专题讲练 不定代词（含解析）.doc

不定代词不定代词知识精讲一、不定代词的定义：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。不定代词可以分为一般不定代词和复合不定代词。二、一般不定代词及用法1. some/any含义：“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。区别：1). some用于陈肯句；any用于疑问句或否定句。例：I can see some flowers, but I cant see any apples.2). some 用在疑问句中有表示请求或建议的功能；any用在肯定句中有强调或加强语气的功能，意为“任何”。Would you like some coffee?You may come at any time.2. many/much“许多”区别例句many+可数名词How many people are there at the meeting?much+不可数名词How much time has we left?注意：“many”和“much”前可有so, too等词进行修饰。如：There are too many mistakes in your diary.So many people are waiting for the bus.Sorry, Im afraid I cant go with you. Ive got too much work to do.3. few/a few/little/a little修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词含义fewlittle否定含义，几乎没有a fewa little肯定含义，还有一点例：He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。4. both, either, neither, all, every, none使用范围单词中文释义例句 两个人或物both两者都Both of the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。either两者中任何一个Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。neither两者都不Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。 三者及以上all所有的，全部All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。every每一Every student is here. 每一个学生都在这了。none都不I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。5. “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others”易混淆词范围含义other泛指其他的the other(one,the other)= 2另一个another 3另一个others = other+名词复数剩余非全部其他的the others剩余全部其他的例：I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red.I dont like this green pencil, please give me another one.In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball.There are seven people in Running Man. One is a woman, and the others are men.三、复合不定代词及用法1. 复合不定代词的构成：复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所组成的不定代词。构成部分body（人）one（人）thing（事或物）somesomebody某人someone某人something某事（物）anyanybody任何人anyone任何人anything任何事（物）nonobody没有人no one没有人nothing没有事（物）everyeverybody每个人everyone每个人everything每个事（物）注意：形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else要置于复合不定代词之后。如：something important一些重要的事Theres nothing else in the fridge.冰箱里没有其他的东西了。2. some-类的复合不定代词常用于肯定句或征求意见的疑问句中；any-类的复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。Someone wants to talk with you. 有人想和你说话。Can I have something to drink, please? 请问我可以喝点东西吗？He doesnt want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。3. any-类的复合不定代词与not连用，相当于no-类的复合不定代词。There is not anything(= nothing) in that box. 那个盒子里没有什么东西。4. no one可以用于回答who引导的疑问句，不能回答how many引导的疑问句。-Who knows the answer to the question? 谁知道这个问题的答案。-No one. 没有人知道。5. every-类的复合不定代词与not连用，表示部分否定。Not everybody likes watching TV. 并非人人都喜欢看电视。Not everything is like what you said. 不是一切都像你说的那样。6. one类和-body类的复合不定代词之后可以加上-s构成所有格。He just found someones wallet.他刚刚发现别人的钱包。三点剖析一、重难点：1. 在否定句中not.any的意义相当于no。如：There isnt any (= is no) water in the bottle.这个瓶子里一点水都没有。2. some用于可数名词单数前，表示“某个”。Some careless man has taken my umbrella.某个粗心大意的人拿走了我的雨伞。3. everyone意为“人人、每人”，只指人，不指物，其后不能跟of短语；every one意为“每个”，可以指人，也可以指物，后面可以跟of短语。与every搭配的不定代词后，谓语用单数形式。Everyone in the class passed the math exam.这次数学考试班上人人都及格了。Every one of us must study hard.我们中每一位都必须努力学习。二、易错点：1. 在征求意见的疑问句中或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用some.Would you like some dessert? 你要吃些甜点吗？2. both和all与not连用时表示部分否定，意为“并非.都.”。如：Both my parents are not doctors.并非我的父母都是医生。3. each 表示“每一”，可以跟单数可数名词，也可以单独使用。each强调个体，可以用于两者之间，可以用于三者或三者以上之间，可以和of连用。在句中可以作主语、宾语或同位语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student can spend 10yuan.每个学生能花10元钱。Each of his children goes to a different school. 他的每个孩子都在不同的学校读书。题模精选题模一：一般不定代词例1.1.1 选择括号内所给不定代词填空。I have many apples. I can give you _. ( any, some )例1.1.2 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。allneither1. -Can you speak Japanese or English? -_, I can only speak Chinese.2. There are forty pupils in Class Two. _ of them are Young Pioneers.题模二：复合不定代词例1.2.1 _is in the classroom. They are all on the playground.A EverybodyB SomebodyC AnybodyD Nobody例1.2.2 Please be quiet. I have _ important to tell you.A somethingB anythingC nothingD everything随堂练习随练1.1 选用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。bothothereacheverybodya few1. The film is not interesting. _ people like it.2. I can lend you my new radio, but you mustnt lend it to _.3. Since _ is here, lets begin our meeting.4. My uncle and aunt are _ good at boating.5. The nurse gave the children two oranges _.随练1.2 Bill has two daughters, and _of them are workers.A allB bothC everyD each随练1.3 There are still _ apples here. We neednt go shopping now.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little随练1.4 I invited four teachers and _ can come. Thats great.A allB bothC anyD none随练1.5 _ from your office phoned you. Here is the message.A SomebodyB NobodyC AnybodyD Everybody随练1.6 Weve got two foreign teachers. One is from America, _is from Canada.A anotherB otherC the otherD others自我总结课后作业作业1 选择括号内所给不定代词填空。1. Is there _ meat in the fridge? ( any, some )2. If you have _ questions, please ask me. (any, some )3. There is _ water in the bottle. I can drink it. ( little, a little )4. He has _ friends. He always stays at home. ( few, a few )5. Could you lend me _ money? ( some, any )6. _ of them is good at English. ( Both, Neither )7. My parents are _ doctors. ( all, both )8. The glass is broken. Give me _ one. ( the other, another )9. You can have one apple _, boys. ( every, each )10. The clock has three hands. One is short, _ two are long. ( the other, another )11. He is not busy. He has _ to do. ( something, nothing )12. Be quiet. I have _ important to tell you. ( something, anything )13. If you need an eraser, Ill lend you _. (some, one )14. Listen! _ is singing in the next room. ( Someone, Anyone )15. Would you like _ more rice?16. _ of us is afraid of difficulties. ( None, No one )作业2 Im the only child in my family. I dont have _ brothers or sisters.A someB someoneC anyD anyone作业3 Come here, Lily. I want to show you_ interesting.A somethingB nothingC anythingD everything作业4 I dont like the color of this dress. Could you please show me_ one.A otherB othersC the otherD another作业5 There is _ water in the glass. Lets go and get some.A fewB muchC manyD little作业6 Can you speak Chinese, Peter?Yes, but only_.A fewB littleC a fewD a little作业7 _of my parents used to play tennis a few years ago.A BothB AllC EitherD Each作业8 Ive got two sisters. One is a doctor, _ is a teacher.A otherB the otherC othersD another作业9 Mum, I want_ of these two dresses. Sorry. You can only buy one of them.A allB noneC someD both作业10 We couldnt have dinner in the hotel because_ of us had money with us.A noneB no oneC nothingD all作业11 Theres _ wrong with my chair. Can you mend it?No problem.A somethingB nothingC everythingD anything答案解析不定代词题模精选题模一：一般不定代词例1.1.1【答案】 some【解析】 考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。句意：我有很多苹果。我可以给你一些。陈述句，表示“一些”，故选some。例1.1.2【答案】 1. Neither2. All【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握。题模二：复合不定代词例1.2.1【答案】D【解析】 考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。由后句“他们都在操场上”可知，前句为“没有人在教室”，故选D。例1.2.2【答案】A【解析】 考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。根据句意，“请安静”可知是有一些重要的事要说。something“一些”，故选A。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】 1. Few2. others3. everybody4. both5. each【解析】 本题考查了学生对不定代词意义的掌握。随练1.2【答案】B【解析】 考查学生对不定代词意义的掌握情况。无every of用法，先排除 C，each of 强调个体，谓语动词常为单数；all通常指代三者个以上；根据题意只有both符合要求，指代的是“两者都”，故选B。随练1.3【答案】【解析】 根据apples及句意属于肯定可知。随练1.4【答案】A【