2010届上海市高三二模——C篇.doc

2010届上海市高三英语二模汇编C篇（奉贤）(C)Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that light after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone (臭氧) levels increased, aid ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.72. According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may_.A. result in a warming climateB. cause die forest fires to occur more frequentlyC. lead to a longer fire seasonD. protect the forests and the environment there73. Earlier studies about northern forest fires_.A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climateB. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereC. suggest that people should take measures to protect environmentD. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming74. The underlined phrase soak up in the last paragraph most probably means_.A. released B. absorbed C. created D. disturbed75. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may_.A. warm the climate as the supposition goesB. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climateC. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceD. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy7275 ADBB（虹口）(C)Birds that are half-asleepwith one brain hemisphere (半球) alert and the other sleepingcontrol which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks. Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once. Decades of studies of bird groups led researchers to predict extra alertness in the end-of-the-row sleepers which tend to be attacked more easily. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction. Also, birds napping at the end of the line depend on single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Turning 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found that compared with 12 percent for birds in internal spots, outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of napping time. “We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness at the same time in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say. The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing assumption that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. Hes seen it in a pair of birds napping side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open. Useful as half-sleeping might be, its only been found in birds and such water animals as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning. Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg.” He supposes that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.72. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because _.A. they have to watch out for possible attacksB. their brain hemispheres take turns to restC. the two halves of their brain are differently structuredD. they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions73. What is implied about the example of a birds sleeping in front of a mirror?A. An imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security.B. Birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of their security.C. The phenomenon of birds napping in pairs is widespread.D. A single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror.74. While sleeping, some water animals tend to keep half awake in order to _.A. alert themselves to the approaching enemyB. emerge from water now and then to breatheC. be sensitive to the ever-changing environmentD. avoid being swept away by rapid currents75. By saying “just the tip of the iceberg”, Siegel suggests that _.A. half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weatherB. the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solvedC. most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersD. half-brain sleep may exist among other species72. A73. A74.B 75. D（黄浦）(C)Sometimes people recall past events differently from how they happened. Have you ever confused dates and events from your life, or peoples names? Dont be too hard on yourself if this is the case; it happens to almost everyone. Every day, our brain processes an amazing amount of information. In fact, all our experiences are based on the way our brain interprets the information it receives from our senses. It is impossible to store all of this information, so some of it gets lost. The parts that remain make up our memories. All our thoughts and memories depend on the way our senses work, and we cannot always trust everything our senses tell us.If you have ever tried to make your own short film on a digital camera, you will have noticed that the images you record are often blurry(模糊不清). To stop the same thing from happening when we see things with our own eyes, our brain is always filling in the blanks. Before our eyes can even focus on an object, our brain has created its own picture of it so that we can move smoothly from looking at one thing to another without the world looking strange. If we are moving quickly or are not focusing properly, our brain may not correctly guess what is around us. Memory is the way we store the information that our senses have experienced. As we have discussed above, our senses do not always see things accurately, so our memory is just how we store our interpretations of these experiences. When our brain takes in new experiences, it uses the information we retrieve from our memory as a reference. This means that we often do not remember the details of things but just the important parts. When we look at something, we often do not really look closely at it, but we merely look at the different hints that help us indentify it. This also happens with our hearing and speaking. It is natural for students of English to confuse the word “kitchen”, with the familiar word “chicken”. As the sounds are similar, the mind mistakenly identifies the new word with the one that is familiar. This is perhaps the most common reason why people make mistakes when they learn a new language. 72. Sometimes things people remember are quite different from how they really happened because _.A. not all people are smart enoughB. the main part of the information gets lostC. people are too strict with themselves D. information was processed incompletely 73. Taking the short film on a digital camera for an example, the author means _.A. images recorded by cameras could not be accurateB. brain may form an imagery picture without reference C. blurry pictures are caused by too fast camera movementsD. the process of vision is an interpretive construct by the brain74. The underlined word “retrieve” in Paragraph 3 probably means _. A. recall B. change C. borrow D. differ75. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in terms of memory?A. Memory is exactly what senses have experienced.B. Memories are made up of the information remaining in minds. C. Memory is the way to store information experienced by senses.D. Memories sometimes can be obstacles to learning something new. 72-75DDAA（静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦）(C)A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts（冷暖空气团接触的锋）to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms.Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations (气象站). Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification（改变）studies. But the limitations of modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographic (山岳形态的) precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.72. By reading weather maps, students majoring in geography can . A. design a project of weather modification B. interpret the weather condition before the time of observation C. obtain data on atmospheric conditions over a wide area D. survey ever-changing fronts in local meteorological stations73. A thirty-day forecast is determined by examining . A. daily weather maps B. upper air levels C. satellite reportsD. changing fronts74. The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because _.A. electronic instruments are usedB. it enables man to alter the weatherC. it makes weather prediction more time-consumingD. information not obtained readily otherwise can be gained75. At the present time, experiments are being conducted in . A. controlling and influencing weather B. determining density of pressure groups C. 30-day “outlooks” D. predicting storms 7275 CBDA(卢湾)(C)When I stepped out the plane from Miami into Charlotte, North Carolina, airport for a connecting flight home, I immediately knew something was wrong. Lots of desperate people crowded the terminal. I quickly learned that flights headed to the Northeast were called off because of a storm. The earliest they could get us out of Charlotte was Tuesday. It was Friday. A gate agent stood on the counter and shouted, “Dont ask us for help! We cannot help you!”I joined a crowd that ran from terminal to terminal in search of a flight out. Eventually, I found six strangers willing to rent a van with me. We drove through the night to Washington, where I took a train the rest of the way to Providence.The real problem, of course, is that incidents like this happen every day, to everyone who flies, more and more often. It really gets to me, though, because for eight years I was on the other side, as a flight attendant for Trans-World Airlines(TWA). I know the days are gone when attendants could be written up if we did not put the lines napkins with the TWA logo in the lower right-hand corner of the first-class diners trays. As are the days when there were three dinner options on flights from Boston to Los Angeles in economy class. When, once, stuck on a tarmac (机场停机坪) in Newark for four hours, a planeload of passengers got McDonalds hamburgers and fries by thoughtfulness of the airline. I have experienced the decline of service along with the rest of the flying public. But I believe everything will change little by little, because I remember the days when to fly was to soar (翱翔). The airlines, and their employees, took pride in how their passengers were treated. And I think the days are sure to come back one day in the near future. 72. Many people crowded the terminal because _. A. they were ready to board on the planes B. something was wrong with the terminal C. the flights to the Northeast were canceled D. the gate agent wouldnt help the passengers73. The writer got to Providence _ at last. A. by air B. by van C. by train D. by underground 74. Which of the following is not true according to the passage? A. Incidents happened to those who fly quite often. B. The writer used to be a flight attendant for Trans-World Airlines. C. Even a small mistake might cause complaints from passengers in the past. D. McDonalds hamburgers and fries were among regular dinner options. 75. What can be implied from the passage? A. The writer lived in Charlotte, North Carolina. B. The writer thought the service was not as good as it used to be. C. The writer with other passengers waited to be picked up patiently. D. Passengers would feel proud of how they were treated on the plane.72. C 73. C 74. D 75. B(闵行)(C)Whenever human populations have lived in forest areas, they have always cut down trees which they used for a number of purposes, for housing and ships and served as a source of heating fuel and timber. Growth of cities often meant expansion into forest areas, while even more trees were removed to provide space for agriculture. With the growing demand for paper, vast quantities of trees have also been cut down for paper production. These factors, along with many others, have been contributing to a dangerous phenomenon known as deforestation.In the last 5,000 years, humans have reduced forest from roughly 50 percent of the earths land surface to less than 20 percent. Most of this original, or old growth, forest cover is concentrated in three large areas: the Canadian and Alaskan boreal forest, the boreal forest of Russia, and the tropical forest of the northwestern Amazon Basin and the Guyana Shield. These areas comprise almost 70 percent of the worlds remaining original forest cover. In most places, the rate of deforestation is increasing, with the alarming result of 16 million hectares disappearing worldwide every year.Loss of forest does not just mean the decline of natural resources. There are several other factors that make deforestation seriously harmful to both the human and natural worlds. One of them is changes in the global climate. For example, forest clearance is releasing substantial volumes of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere as vegetation is burnt or decays. It has been suggested that this is a significant factor in global warming. Moreover, about 10 percent of the worlds tree species are in danger of