so和as引导的倒装结构.doc

Partial Inversion结果状语从句对应的so/such位于句首引起的倒装句当“so/such . that .”结构中的so, such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要进行倒装(that后面的结果状语从句不倒装)。例如： So angry was he that he couldnt speak. 他愤怒得一句话也说不出来。 So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得如此快， 以至于远远领先于其他人。To such an extent do the parents love their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of his. 父母俩爱子爱到了如此程度， 以至于尽量满足他的任何要求。 考题1 So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (2006广东)A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found答案 B解析 so difficult放于句首要引起主句的倒装， 结果状语从句中的“I decided to ask Tom for advice”表明整句话是针对过去的(不强调与现在的关联)， 不宜用现在完成时而应采用一般过去时， 因此本题应选B。考题2 _ homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. (2006福建)A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little答案 A解析 结果状语从句中的“we had no time to take a rest”意味着休息时间很少， 应先排除选项C、 D， 又由于放于句首的表语too much不能引起倒装， 而且意思上也难以与全句融合， 所以进一步排除B。3重复倒装当一个句子用so（在肯定句中）或neither, nor开头，重复上一句的部分内容，要半倒装。“I have applied for membership in the club.”“So have I.”He is a teacher and so is his wife.I like singing and so does Helen.Production is going up steadily, so is the peoples standard of living.She didnt come, nor did her husband.He will not go, neither will I.Rubber is not a conductor and neither is a plastic.4让步倒装让步状语从句中的倒装形式为：强调对象as/though主语其它部分，强调对象可以是表语(名词，形容词)或状语(副词)。表语为名词时，前面通常不用冠词。Small as an atom is, its construction is quite complex.Busy as he is, he studies English very hard.Much as he likes mathematics, he likes English better.Child as he is, he knows how to please the others.让步状语从句的五类倒装请看下面一道考题：_, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student这道题很有一定难度。具体说来，它主要涉及两个考点：一是让步状语从句倒装后的词序问题。让步状语从句之所以要采用倒装结构，主要是为了强调位于句首的名词、形容词、副词、动词等，其词序形式为：被强调的成分+as / though + 主语+动词。二是在倒装的让步状语从句中，位于句首的单数可数名词是否带冠词的问题。按照英语习惯，英语中的单数可数名词在泛指时，一般要有不定冠词的修饰，但是位于倒装让步状语从句句首的单数可数名词是个例外，即使泛指其前也不加不定冠词。由此可知，上面这道考题的答案应为B。为了帮助同学们全面掌握让步状语从句的倒装用法，本文将这类语法现象归纳为以下五种句型：一、名词+as / though+主语+动词King as he was, he was unhappy. 他虽是国王，但他并不幸福。Child as he is, he knows to help others. 他虽是个孩子，但却知道帮助别人。Teacher though he is, he cant know everything. 他虽然是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较：Boy as though he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though Although he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他虽是男孩，却喜欢与女孩子玩。Strong man as though he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though Although he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波赛将军虽然坚强，但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。二、形容词+as / though+主语+动词Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。Improbable as it seems, its true. 虽然看起来不太可能，但却是真的。Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 尽管听起来很愚蠢，我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。Patient as he was，he didnt like waiting that long. 他虽说有耐心，也不愿等这么长。Beautiful though the necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链虽然很漂亮，我们认为价钱太高。【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。三、副词+as / though+主语+动词Much as I like Paris, I couldnt live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。Hard though they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book in two days. 尽管你读得很快，你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 尽管他做了努力，却未能取得很大进步。【说明】有的词典将much as 作为习语看待，认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从句的复合连词。再如：Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作为一名作家我很佩服他，但我却不喜欢他这个人。Much as I like you, I couldnt live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你, 却不能和你在一起生活。四、动词原形+as / though+主语+动词Object as you may, Ill go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. 尽管他想方设法，却未解决这个问题。Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 尽管我们不喜欢他，但必须承认他的伟大。Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 钱虽然丢了，我们却得到了许多经验。Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 尽管落选了，但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说而出了名。【说明】主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用did, do 等助动词)。五、分词+as / though+主语+分词Raining hard as it is, Im going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去散步。Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all Johns movements. 他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果，但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。【三条补充说明】1. 这类倒装的让步状语从句可用as, though 来引导，但不能用although来引导；但是，未倒装的让步状语从句则可用though, although来引导，而不能用as来引导。也就是说，although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如：虽然很晚了，但我们还是继续工作。正：Late as though it was, we still went on working. (from )正：Though Although it was late, we still went on working.误：Late although it was, we still went on working.误：As it was late, we still went on working.2. 上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因，区别的办法主要看句子的内容：让步从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反，而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。比较：Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他虽然很疲倦了，但还是学习到很晚才睡。(表让步)Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因为很累，所以他睡得很早。(表原因)Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他虽年轻，却能胜任这项工作。(