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辛普森 变速器 结构设计

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辛普森变速器结构设计,辛普森,变速器,结构设计

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理工科类说 明1根据学校毕业设计(论文)工作暂行规定，学生必须撰写毕业设计（论文）开题报告。开题报告作为毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。2开题报告应在指导教师指导下，由学生在毕业设计（论文）工作前期内完成，经指导教师签署意见及所在专业教研室论证审查后生效。开题报告不合格者需重做。3毕业设计开题报告各项内容要实事求是，逐条认真填写。其中的文字表达要明确、严谨，语言通顺，外来语要同时用原文和中文表达。第一次出现缩写词，须注出全称。4开题报告中除最后一页外均由学生填写，填写各栏目时可根据内容另加附页。5阅读的主要参考文献应在10篇以上（土建类专业文献篇数可酌减），其中外文资料应占一定比例。本学科的基础和专业课教材一般不应列为参考资料。6参考文献的书写应遵循毕业设计（论文）撰写规范要求。7开题报告应与文献综述、一篇外文译文和外文原文复印件同时提交，文献综述的撰写格式按毕业设计（论文）撰写规范的要求，字数在2000字左右。第 2 页毕业设计(论文)开题报告学生姓名高家宝专 业车辆工程班 级B13142指导教师姓名焦运景职 称副高工作单位北华航天工业学院课题来源教师自拟课题课题性质应用设计课题名称辛普森变速器结构设计本设计的科学依据（科学意义和应用前景，国内外研究概况，目前技术现状、水平和发展趋势等）1、 辛普森变速器研究的依据与意义汽车工业作为一个国家的支柱产业，对国家的经济发展有着举足轻重的作用。从19世纪末卡尔本茨制造出的第一辆汽车到今天的智能型多功能汽车，汽车以从单纯的代步工具发展成为现代社会的象征。汽车工业发展水平、家庭平均拥有汽车数量以及公路网的建设规模等已经成为衡量一个国家工业发达程度的重要标志。在当今一些发达的国家，其汽车工业的发展更是对国家经济发展社会进步有着直接的影响。二、辛普森变速器的国内外研究概况目前，从市场上不同车型所配置的变速器来看，变速器主要分为以下几种:1、手动变速器手动变速器采用齿轮组，每档的齿轮组德齿数是固定的，所以各档的变速比是个定值。2、 自动变速器 自动变速器，利用行星齿轮机构进行变速，它能根据油门踏板程度和车速变化，自动地进行变速。而驾驶者只需操纵加速踏板控制车速即可。虽说自动变速器没有离合器，但自动变速器中有很多离合器，这些离合器能随车速变化自动分离或闭合，从而达到自动变速的目的。3、无级变速器无级变速器系统不像手动变速器那样用齿轮变速，而是用两个滑轮和一个刚带来变速，其传动比可以随意变化，没有换挡的突跳感觉。它能克服普通自动变速器突然换挡，油门反应慢，油耗高等缺点。无级变速器能在一定范围内实现速比的无极变换，并选定几个常用的速比作为常用的档。装配该技术的发动机可在任何转速下自动获得最合适的传动比。三.汽车节能技术现状和发展趋势绿色汽车、节能减排已经成为当今汽车工业发展的主旋律，未来新能源汽车的应用与车辆“智能化”结合，也是汽车工业发展的方向。发达国家车辆变速器发展状况和需求各有特点，手动与自动并存，不同地域需求比例不同。国内变速器主要以手动挡为主，自动变速器占有率正在快速提升。设计内容和预期成果（具体设计内容和重点解决的技术问题、预期成果和提供的形式）一、辛普森变速器的结构设计首先经过实体拆装，然后测量出所需数据，应用三维绘图软件绘制实体图，完成零部件二维图的绘制及尺寸标注。一张0号装配图，若干零部件图。拟采取设计方法和技术支持（设计方案、技术要求、实验方法和步骤、可能遇到的问题和解决办法等）1、 设计方法 查阅资料，变速器的参数并运用caxa、solidworks画出产品的零件图和装配图。2、 可能遇到的问题若制动系统设计不正确，可以请教老师；若装配图有问题，可以查阅资料或请教同学；实现本项目已具备的条件（包括过去学习、研究工作基础，现有主要仪器设备、设计环境及协作条件等）汽车设计参数可参考相关书籍自己拟定各环节拟定阶段性工作进度(以周为单位)1-4周 完成开题报告5-6周 查阅资料，确定设计方案7-8周 计算所需参数9-10周 画出各个零件图和装配图11-12周 转向和制动系统测试13-14周 细节工作，准备答辩开 题 报 告 审 定 纪 要时 间地点主持人参会教师姓 名职 务（职 称）姓 名职 务（职 称）论证情况摘要 记录人：指导教师意见指导教师签名： 年 月 日教研室意见教研室主任签名： 年 月 日 说 明1根据学校毕业设计(论文)工作暂行规定，学生必须撰写毕业设计(论文)文献综述。文献综述作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。2文献综述应在指导教师指导下，由学生在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成，由指导教师签署意见并经所在专业教研室审查。3文献综述各项内容要实事求是，文字表达要明确、严谨，语言通顺，外来语要同时用原文和中文表达。第一次出现缩写词，须注出全称。4学生撰写文献综述，阅读的主要参考文献应在10篇以上（土建类专业文献篇数可酌减），其中外文资料应占一定比例。本学科的基础和专业课教材一般不应列为参考资料。5文献综述的撰写格式按毕业设计(论文)撰写规范的要求，字数在2000字左右。文献综述应与开题报告同时提交。毕 业 设 计（论 文）文 献 综 述文献综述题目摘要：辛普森式自动变速器的动力分析是工学结合一体化课程“汽车自动变速器维修工作页”的教学重点，也是难点，如何引导学生开展这一任务的学习，对培养学生对自动变速器的学习兴趣和提高学生的学习积极性有着至关重要的作用。应该遵循“在做中学”的理念，在工作页的指引下，合理设置目标和配置资源，保持工作过程系统化，有机实施教学计划，展开教学过程。关键词：辛普森 动力分析 教学资源 学习领域 工作过程Abstract: The dynamics analysis of Simpson automatic transmission is a teaching focus and difficult point of Repair of Automobile Automatic transmission course. How to guide students to carry out the learning of this mission plays a pivotal role in cultivating students interest and activeness in learning automatic transmission. By adhering to the concept of learningin doing, teachers should properly set purpose and resources,keep systematic working process and properly carry out teaching plan.Keyword: Simpson;dynamics analysis;teaching resource;learning field;working process1、引言 自动变速器的检修，是汽车专业教学的核心课程之一，是实践性很强的综合技术学科，涵盖了机械、液压、电控等诸多领域，具有技术要点多，知识覆盖面广的特点，要求具有很强的逻辑思维能力、灵巧的动手能力、归纳总结能力。同时，由于结构和原理的相对复杂性，在教学中，学生往往难以理解和接受，如何分析和解决故障也就成了教学最大的难点。因此，需要建立一种有效的实现工作过程系统化的教学模式，采用一体化教学形式，让学生多参与、勤动手、常总结，学会学习。作为老师，需要合理制订教学计划，精心组织实施计划，做到由易到难，从简到繁，有机地将学习任务串接起来，只有这样，才能高效地让学生掌握自动变速器的结构、工作原理以及检修等方面的知识和技能。 一、课题的作用 熟悉辛普森变速器，以及能应用三维绘图软件，绘制其三维实体图，在三维实体的基础上，绘制其零部件的二维图。 二、研究现状 1、单排行星齿轮运动机构的特点与运动规律 认识单排行星齿轮运动机构的结构特点，重点理解行星齿轮的自转和公转运动，明 白行星架运动的实质就是行星齿轮的公转，行星齿轮自转的时候却并不一定公转，因此，行星架可以被约束固定，但是行星齿轮是不能受到任何约束的。 2、典型辛普森行星齿轮机构的结构特点 在单排行星齿轮机构的基础之上，引入双排行星齿轮机构，由学生自己通过观察之后，请学生代表讲解前、后排行星齿轮机构之间的彼此位置关系，引导学生正确理解典型辛普森行星齿轮机构的结构特点，得出结论。其实只要稍作引导，学生基本上就可以看出端倪，前、后排太阳轮在一根轴上，属于共用太阳轮，而前排行星架与后排的齿圈是相连的，且连接到输出轴，作为动力的输出端。 3、执行元件的结构特点、工作原理及拆检 在单排行星齿轮机构运动规律的学习中，学生已经知道有齿轮被固定，也有齿轮作为主、从动件的情况，那么这些由我们人为设置的约束条件在变速器内部实际是如何实现的呢？通过查阅资料，分组讨论，在老师的引导下，合理引出执行元件离合器、制动器、单向离合器。在接下来的学习中需要让学生学习、理解这常用的三种执行元件的结构特点、工作原理并实施拆检工作。重点在于湿式多片离合器与制动器的异同、钢片及摩擦片的安装连接位置、单向离合器这一机械元件有别于离合器及制动器这些液压工作元件、单向离合器“内不动则外动或者外不动则内动”的结构特点，其实，这些都可以在教师的引导下由学生分组独立完成。 三、目前研究存在的问题 齿轮传动系统的振动不仅会产生噪声、导致传动系统的不稳定，而且由于振动的加剧，会导致磨损、疲劳破坏、实际运动规律偏离理论运动规律等问题，从而发生误差，降低机器工作的安全性、可靠性和工作质量，甚至导致车辆或者其它零件的破坏，使传动系统失效从而发生严重的后果，因此近些年来对齿轮传动系统动态性能的研究备受关注。本文选题源自汽车自动变速器关键零部件及技术研究项目，项目所研究的自动变速器采用的齿轮具有模数不是标准模数，变位量和螺旋角大三个特点。行星齿轮机构是自动变速器的核心机构，齿轮的设计必须要有可靠的依据，研究齿轮参数对齿轮系统甚至整个自动变速器的动力学性能以及开发设计自动变速器齿轮传动系统具有重要的意义。在项目组研究课题的支持下，本文对四挡辛普森式自动变速器的齿轮传动部分进行了仿真和分析，主要研究了齿轮参数（模数、螺旋角、变位量等）对四挡辛普森式行星齿轮系统的动力学性能的影响规律。参考文献 1 唐文初、邓宝清主编汽车构造M.广州：华南理工大学出版社，2010. 2 葛安林.自动变速器（一）自动变速器综述J.汽车技术，2001，（5）：1-3. 3 黄安华、岳强、杨世铁.现代汽车的自动变速器技术及应用J.汽车工程师，2009（9）：54-56. 4 刘岩东编著.汽车自动变速器构造与原理解析M.北京：机械工业出版社，2010. 5 王洋、郑晖、王育欣.自动变速器发展情况及前景J.信息科学与工程技术：102-108. 6 罗时帅.考虑动静态特性的汽车 AT 机械传动系统齿轮变位系数研究，机械设计及理论，2011. 7 葛安林.车辆自动变速理论与设计M.北京：机械工业出版设，1993. 8 胡光辉、仇雅莉编著.汽车自动变速器原理与检修M.北京：机械工业出版社，2006. 9 黄康、曾亿山.汽车自动变速技术的发展现状J.合肥工业大学学报（自然科学版），2005，28（12）：1503-1507. 10 张炳力、赵韩、金朝勇、朱可.汽车自动变速器研究现状及展望J.中国机械工程，2006，17：417-420. 毕 业 设 计（论 文）文 献 综 述指导教师意见 指导教师： 年 月 日专业教研室审查意见 负责人： 年 月 日4译文标题自动变速器原文标题AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION作 者译 名国 籍原文出处The modern automatic transmission is by far , the most complicated mechanical component in todays automobile . It is a type of transmission that sifts itself . A fluid coupling or torque converter is used instead of a manually operated clutch to connect the transmission to the engine .There are two basic types of automatic transmission based on whether the vehicle is rear wheel drive or front wheel drive . On a rear wheel drive car , the transmission is usually mounted to the back of the engine and is located under the hump in the center of the floorboard alongside the gas pedal position . A drive shaft connects the transmission to the final drive which is located in the rear axle and is used to send power to the rear wheels . Power flow on this system is simple and straight forward going from the engine , through the torque converter , then trough the transmission and drive shaft until it reaches the final drive where it is split and sent to the two rear transmission .On a front wheel drive car , the transmission is usually combined with the final drive to form what is called a transaxle . The engine on a front wheel drive car is usually mounted sideways in the car with the transaxle tucked under it on the side of the engine facing the rear of the car . Front axles are connected directly to the transaxle and provide power to front wheels . In this example , power floes from the engine , through the torque converter to a larger chain that sends the power through a 180 degree turn to the transmission that is along side the engine . From there , the power is routed through the transmission to the final drive where it is split and sent to the two front wheels through the drive axles .There are a number of other arrangements including front drive vehicles where the engine is mounted front to back instead of sideways and there are other systems that drive all four wheels but the two systems described here are by far the most popular . A much less popular rear and is connected by a drive shaft to the torque converter which is still mounted on the engine . This system is found on the new Corvette and is used in order to balance the weight evenly between the front and rear wheels for improved performance and handling . Another rear drive system mounts everything , the engine , transmission and final drive in the rear . This rear engine arrangement is popular on the Porsche.The modern automatic transmission consists of many components and systems that designed to work together in a symphony of planetary gear sets , the hydraulic system, seals and gaskets , the torque converter , the governor and the modulator or throttle cable and computer controls that has evolved over the years into what many mechanical inclined individuals consider to be an art from . Here try to used simple , generic explanation where possible to describe these systems .1. Planetary gear sets Automatic transmission contain many gears in various combinations . In a manual transmission , gears slide along shafts as you move the shift lever from one position to another , engaging various sizes gears as required in order to provide the correct gear ratio . In an automatic transmission , how ever , the gears are never physically moved and are always engaged to the same gears . This is accomplished through the use of planetary gear sets . The basic planetary gear set consists of a sun gear , a ring and two or more planet gears , all remaining in constant mesh . The planet gears are connected to each other through a common carrier which allows the gears to spin on shafts called “pinions” which are attached to the carrier . One example of a way that this system can be used is by connecting the ring gear to the input shaft coming from the engine , connecting the planet carrier to the output shaft , and locking the sun gear so that it cant move . In this scenario , when we turn the ring gear , the planets will “walk” along the sun gear ( which is held stationary ) causing the planet carrier to turn the output shaft in the same direction as the input shaft but at a slower speed causing gear reduction ( similar to a car in first gear ) . If we unlock the sun gear and lock any two elements together , this will cause all three elements to turn at the same speed so that to output shaft will turn at the same rate of speed as the input shaft . This is like a car that is third or high gear . Another way we can use a planetary gear set is by locking the planet carrier from moving , then applying power to the ring gear which will cause the sun gear to turn in opposite direction giving us reverse gear . The illustration in Figure shows how the simple system described above would look in an actual transmission . The input shaft is connected to the ring gear , the output shaft is connected to the planet carrier which is also connected to a “Multi-disk” clutch pack . The sun gear is connected to drum which is also connected to the other half of the clutch pack . Surrounding the outside of the drum is a band that can be tightened around the drum when required to prevent the drum with the attached sun gear from turning . The clutch pack is used , in this instance , to lock the planet carrier with the sun gear forcing both to turn at the same speed . If both the clutch pack and the band were released , the system would be in neutral . Turning the input shaft would turn the planet gears against the sun gear , but since noting is holding the sun gear , it will just spin free and have no effect on the output shaft . To place the unit in first gear , the band is applied to hold the sun gear from moving . To shift from first to high gear , the band is released and the clutch is applied causing the output shaft to turn at the same speed as the input shaft . Many more combinations are possible using two or more planetary sets connected in various way to provide the different forward speeds and reverse that are found in modern automatic transmission . 2. Clutch packA clutch pack consists of alternating disks that fit inside a clutch drum . Half of the disks are steel and have splines that fit into groves on the inside of the drum . The other half have a friction material bonded to their surface and have splines on the inside edge that fit groves on the outer surface of the adjoining hub . There is a piston inside the drum that is activated by oil pressure at the appropriate time to squeeze the clutch pack together so that the two components become locked and turn as one . 3. Torque Converter On automatic transmission , the torque converter takes the place of the clutch found on standard shift vehicles . It is there to allow the engine to continue running when the vehicle comes to a stop . The principle behind a torque converter is like taking a fan that is plugged into the wall and blowing air into another fan which is unplugged . If you grab the blade on the unplugged fan , you are able to hold it from turning but as soon as you let go , it will begin to speed up until it comes close to speed of the powered fan . The difference with a torque converter is that instead of using air it used oil or transmission fluid , to be more precise . A torque converter is a lager doughnut shaped device that is mounted between the engine and the transmission . It consists of three internal elements that work together to transmit power to the transmission . The three elements of the torque converter are the pump , the Turbine , and the Stator . The pump is mounted directly to the torque housing which in turn is bolted directly to the engines crankshaft and turns at engine speed . The turbine is inside the housing and is connected directly to the input shaft of the transmission providing power to move the vehicle . The stator is mounted to a one-way clutch so that it can spin freely in one direction but not in the other . Each of the three elements has fins mounted in them to precisely direct the flow of oil through the converter . With the engine running , transmission fluid is pulled into the pump section and is pushed outward by centrifugal force until it reaches the turbine section which stars it running . The fluid continues in a circular motion back towards the center of the turbine where it enters the stator . If the turbine is moving considerably slower than the pump , the fluid will make contact with the front of the stator fins which push the stator into the one way clutch and prevent it from turning . With the stator stopped , the fluid is directed by the stator fins to re-enter the pump at a “help” angle providing a torque increase . As the speed of the turbine catches up with the pump , the fluid starts hitting the stator blades on the back-side causing the stator to turn in the same direction as the pump and turbine . As the speed increase , all three elements begin to turn at approximately the same speed . Sine the 80s , in order to improve fuel economy , torque converters have been equipped with a lockup clutch which locks the turbine to the pump as the vehicle reaches approximately 40-50 mph . This lockup is controlled by computer and usually wont engage unless the transmission is in 3rd or 4th gear .4. Hydraulic SystemThe hydraulic system is a complex maze of passage and tubes that sends that sends transmission fluid and under pressure to all parts of the transmission and torque converter and . Transmission fluid serves a number of purpose including : shift control ,general lubrication and transmission cooling . Unlike the engine ,which uses oil primary for lubrication ,every aspect of a transmission s function is dependant on a constant supply of fluid is send pressure . In order to keep the transmission at normal operating temperature , a portion of the fluid is send to through one of two steel tubes to a special chamber that is submerged in anti-freeze in the radiator . Fluid passing through this chamber is cooled and then returned to the transmission through the other steel tube . A typical transmission has an avenge of ten quarts of fluid between the transmission , torque converter , and cooler tank , In fact , most of the components of a transmission are constantly submerged in fluid including the clutch packs and bands . The friction surfaces on these parts are designed to operate properly only when they are submerged in oil .5. Oil Pump The transmission oil pump ( not to confused with the pump element inside the torque converter ) is responsible for producing all the oil pressure that is required in the transmission . The oil pump is mounted to front of the transmission case and is directly connected to a flange on the engine crankshaft , the pump will produce pressure whenever the engine is running as there is a sufficient amount of transmission fluid available . The oil enters the pump through a filter that is located at bottom of the transmission oil pan and travels up a pickup tube directly to the oil pump . The oil is then sent , under pressure to the pressure regulator , the valve body and the rest of the components , as required . 6. Valve Body The valve body is the control center of the automatic transmission . It contains a maze of channels and passages that direct hydraulic fluid to the numerous valves which when activate the appropriate clutch pack of band servo to smoothly shift to the appropriate gear for each driving situation . Each of the many valves in the valve body has a specific purpose and is named for that function . For example the shift valve activates the 2nd gear up-shift or the shift timing valve which determines when a downshift should occur . The most important valve and the one that you have direct control over is the manual valve. The manual valve is directly connected to the gear shift handle and covers and uncovers various passages depending on what position t