课堂讲解枚温浞-5 解析和答案.doc

Exercise 1 范例中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节(the Mid-autumn Festival)是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese Lunar New Year)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如饺子和年糕。参考答案Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable during festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan. People usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi (rice dumplings) on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon, which is a symbol of perfection and family reunion. Therefore, the special food for this festival is a round cake called the moon cake. The Spring Festival is also known as the Chinese Lunar New Year. Besides/In addition to the common poultry and meat, people will also cook traditional food/foods, such as jiaozi (dumplings) and niangao (the Chinese New Year cake), according to their local customs.难点解析:1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为traditional Chinese holiday meals，其中“节庆膳食”可译为holiday meals或holiday food，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统的”顺序。2.纪念：翻译为介词短语in memory of或to memorize，修饰前面的a day。3.赛龙舟：翻译为hold dragon boat races，其中hold意为“举行”。4.观赏满月：“满月”即the full moon, 此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing，也可以用enjoying或watching表示。5. 象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚：“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol of，也可以用动词symbolize；“圆满”比较难译出，这里使用perfection表示“极致，完美”，或者使用completeness表示“完善，圆满”，也可以使用近义词harmony“和谐”；“家庭团聚”翻译为family reunion或family gathering。6.家禽：译为poultry，如果不能直接翻译出来，可以使用chicken, ducks代替。相关词汇链接：Chinese New Years Eve（除夕） Lantern Festival（元宵节） Double Seventh Festival（七夕） Double Ninth Festival（重阳节） Qingming Festival / Pure BrightnessFestival/ Tomb-sweeping Day（清明节）solar calendar（阳历） lunar calendar（阴历） leap year（闰年） spring couplets（春联） New Year pictures（年画） temple fair（庙会） fireworks/firecracker（爆竹） New Year gift-money / lucky money（压岁钱） dragon dance（舞龙） lion dance（舞狮） Exercise 2风筝是中国传统的民间艺术之一。中国风筝在春秋时期（Spring and Autumn Period）就已出现，距今有两千多年的历史了。最初的风筝常用作军事用途，如测量距离、测试风向和通讯。后来它逐渐与神话故事、花鸟瑞兽、吉祥寓意(auspicious meanings)等结合，从而形成了独具特色的风筝文化。阳光明媚的春日里，人们常常结伴去放风筝。中国风筝也受到世界各国人们的喜爱，很早以前就传到了世界各地。参考答案The kite, one of the Chinese traditional folk arts, came into being in the Spring and Autumn Period and has a history of over two thousand years. Kites were used for military purpose initially, like measuring distances, testing wind directions, and communicating. Later, it is integrated /combined with fairy tales, characters including flowers, birds and beasts /animals standing for good luck, and auspicious meanings (auspicious beasts and meanings), and thus a unique kite culture has been formed. On sunny days in spring, people usually go to fly kites together. The Chinese kite is also favored by people from all over the world where it has spread to long ago (, for/because it was introduced into the globe a long time ago).难点解析1. 前两句可以按照中文直译为两句话，也可以使用同位语和连词将其合为一句。2. 花鸟瑞兽：结合中国文化，我们知道风筝所展现的花鸟兽形象都是代表好运的，因此该短语可以译为characters including flowers, birds and beasts /animals which stand for good luck或者characters full of promise such as flowers, birds and beasts /animals，也可以与后面的“吉祥寓意”结合在一起翻译auspicious beasts and meanings。3. 阳光明媚的春日里：on sunny days in spring，这里不需要译出阳光。4. 很早以前就传到了世界各地：该部分可以看作是前半句的原因，译作原因状语从句；也可以看作是对前面的解释说明，译为where引导的定语从句。相关词汇链接（关于中国传统文化）embroidery（刺绣） calligraphy（书法） engraving（版画） painted sculpture（彩塑）carving（雕刻） Chinese painting（国画） wood engraving（木刻画） Chinese brush drawing / Chinese ink and wash painting（水墨画）miniature painting（微雕） puppet show（木偶戏） shadow play（皮影戏） skit（戏剧小品） vocal imitation（口技） story-telling（说书） hand puppet（手偶）acrobatic performance（杂技） making a human pyramid（叠罗汉）stilt walk（踩高跷）Exercise 3人口老龄化已经成为一个全球性的现象。这种现象不仅已成定局，还将随着时间的推移愈演愈烈，发展中国家尤其如此。它的社会影响广泛且表现形式多样，如若忽视，社会必将为此付出巨大代价。为了保证老年人口的可持续发展，国家、非政府组织、社区、家庭成员、特别是老年人自己，都要扮演重要的角色。参考答案Population aging /The aging of population has become a world-wide/global phenomenon. It has not only happened /It has not only been settled, but will also become more/increasingly acute /serious with the passage of time, especially in the developing countries. Its widespread influences has various forms, therefore they can only be ignored at a tremendous /great cost to society. In order to ensure a sustainable development of the elderly population, the state /country, non-government organizations, the community, the family members and especially the elderly /old people themselves will have very important roles to play /play important roles. 难点解析1. 人口老龄化：使用ageing一词，表示“变老”，该短语可以直接使用population ageing。2. 已成定局：表示已经发生，因此可以译作has happened 或者has settled。3. 付出巨大代价：可以译为at a tremendous /great /huge cost或pay a heavy price。4. 它的社会影响广泛且表现形式多样，如若忽视，社会必将为此付出巨大代价：该句也可以使用sothat句型连接：Its influences are so widespread and various that the society will have to pay a heavy price for ignoring it. 5. 最后一句的翻译如果按照中文语序译出，主语比较长，因此也可以将其语序进行调整：In order to ensure a sustainable development of the elderly population, different parties will have to play important roles including the state, non-government organizations, the community, the family members and especially the elderly /old people themselves. 其中，party表示“一方”。相关词汇链接sustainable development 可持续发展 life expectancy 人均寿命 the development of health care 医疗的发展 an aging population 老龄化的人口the rapid development of economy经济的快速发展 medical examination 医疗体检improvements in the standard of living 生活水平的提高pensioner 领取养老金的人 policy-makers 政策制定者 the state pension plan 政府养老金计划 extend the retirement age 推迟退休年龄create more job opportunities 创造更多的就业机会chronic health problems 慢性的健康问题 population aging 人口老龄化 urbanization城市化 modernization现代化 globalization 全球化Exercise 4: 剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。参考答案Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread /popular particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. (前三句可以合并：As one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts, paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years and was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.) People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.难点解析1.传统民间艺术形式：翻译为traditional folk art,其中folk意为“民间的，民俗的”，art既可以表示“艺术”这一抽象概念，也可以表示具体的“艺术形式”，所以直接翻译为art即可，不必加form词。2.美化居家环境：“美化”即beautify，“居家环境”翻译成their homes即可，不要逐字生硬地翻译为home environment；当然，该句亦可以使用更为熟悉的表达方式，译为make their homes more beautiful。3.增加喜庆的气氛：翻译为enhance the joyous atmosphere。虽然看到“增加”会想到increase，但是该词通常表示数量或水平的提升；而enhance表示使品质、价值或状态进一步改进，放在这里更合适。4.象征健康和兴旺：此处既可以用非限制性定语从句which symbolizes health and prosperity，也可以用分词形式symbolizing health and prosperity。5.馈赠：该词无法找到直接对应的英文词语，那么就要将其简单化，“馈赠”=“送给”，简单地翻译为give即可。Exercise 5过去的七年，中国的房地产(real estate)业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。参考答案：In the past seven years, Chinas real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.难点解析1.房地产业：翻译为real estate industry，其中industry表示“工业，产业”。2.经历了前所未有的高速增长：翻译为has developed in a record high speed。也可以直接翻译为has experienced a higher development speed than ever before，或者是has developed in a higher speed than ever before亦可。3.第二句话原句很长，需要提炼出主干：对于那些人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法负担的。剩下的修饰语部分译为定语从句对“那些人”进行解释说明。4.鉴于这一状况：简单的可以直接译为because of th