电磁铁推拉力测试系统——控制部分设计说明书.doc
JDC01-064@电磁铁推拉力测试系统——控制部分设计刘明
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JDC01-064@电磁铁推拉力测试系统——控制部分设计刘明,机械毕业设计全套
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湘潭大学 兴湘学院 毕业设计说明书 题 目： 电磁铁推拉力测试系统 控制部分设计 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 学 号： 2006183829 姓 名： 刘 明 指导教师： 毛美姣 完成日期： 2010-6-4 nts湘潭大学 兴湘学院 毕业论文（设计）任务书 论文（设计）题目： 电磁铁推拉力测试系统 控制部分设计 学号： 2006183829 姓名： 刘 明 专业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 指导教师： 毛美姣 系主任： 一、主要内容及基本要求 本设计内容是电磁铁推拉力测试统设计，采用 S7-200 PLC 系列，控制两相混合式步进电机，对步进电机进行正转、反转和速度控制，结 合滚珠丝杆，利用力传感器技术， 采用 PLC 控制一个步进电机和滚珠丝杆组成的机构，实现推或拉力小于 2000N，行程小于 30mm 的电磁铁的推拉力测试，得到其推或拉力与衔铁位移之间的关系曲 。 用 S7-200 PLC 的高速脉冲输出指令和高速计数指令实现脉冲的高速输出和高数计数。 二、重点研究的问题 1.S7-200 PLC 的基本指令和功能指令以其编程方法 2.步进电机、驱动器和 PLC 之间的接线方法 3.控制系统的梯形图、语句表、控制部分原理图 三、进度安排 nts序号 各阶段完成的内容 完成时间 1 查资料 2010.3.10 2 控制系统设计 、编写程序 2010.4.26 3 翻译 2010.5.10 4 撰写论文 2010.5.28 5 答辩 四、应收集的资料及主要参考文献 应收集的资料： 一、 S7-200 PLC 的使用教程 二、 步进电机和驱动器的工作原理和特征参数 三、 电磁铁、力传感器、滚珠丝杆的应用 四、外文资料一篇 主要参考文献： 1 黄贤武，郑筱霞 . 传感器原理与应用 M 成都 :电子科技大学出版社 ,高等教育出版社 2 黄坚 . 可编程控制器 原理及其应用 M 北京 :高等教育出版社 3 戴佳 ,戴卫恒 .执行电动机 M.北京：电子工业出版社 4何立民 .机电传动控制技术 M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社 nts湘潭大学 兴湘学院 毕业论文（设计）评阅表 学号 2006183829 姓名 刘 明 专业 机械设计制造及其自动化 毕业 论文（设计）题目： 电磁铁推拉力测试系统 控制部分设计 评价项目 评 价 内 容 选题 1.是否符合培养目标，体现学科、专业特点和教学计划的基本要求，达到综合训练的目的； 2.难度、份量是否适当 ； 3.是否 与生产、科研、 社会 等实际 相 结合 。 能力 1.是否有查阅文献、综合归纳资料的能力； 2.是否有综合运用知识的能力； 3.是 否具备研究方案的设计能力、研究方法和手段的运用能力； 4.是否具备一定的外文与计算机应用能力； 5.工科是否有经济分析能力。 论文 （设计）质量 1.立论是否正确，论述是否充分，结构是否严谨合理；实验是否正确，设计、计算、分析处理是否科学；技术用语是否准确，符号是否统一，图表图纸 是否完备、整洁、正确，引文是否规范； 2.文字是否通顺，有无观点提炼，综合概括能力如何； 3.有无理论价值或实际应用价值，有无创新之处。 综 合 评 价 评阅人： 2010年 6月 日 nts 湘潭大学 兴湘学院 毕业论文（设计）鉴定意见 学号： 2006183829 姓名： 刘 明 专业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 毕业论文（设计说明书） 页 图 表 张 论文（设计）题目： 电磁铁推拉力测试系统 控制部分设计 内容提要： 本设计内容是 电磁铁推拉力测试 统设计， 采用 S7-200 PLC 系列，控制两相混合式 步进电机，对步进电机进行正转、反转和速度控制，结合滚珠丝杆，利用力传感器技术， 采用 PLC 控制一个步进电机和滚珠丝杆组成的机构， 实现 推或拉力小于 2000N，行程小 于 30mm 的电磁铁的推拉力测试，得到其推或拉力与衔铁位移之间的关系曲线。 用 S7- 200 PLC 的高速脉冲输出指令和高速计数 器 指令实现脉冲的高速输 出和高速计数。 nts指导教师评语 该论文技术方案较为合理，工作量较为合适，分析论证较为严密，有一定的创新性，综合运用所学知识能力尚可 说明书逻辑性较为规范，逻辑性尚可。另外，该生工作态度比较积极，工作能力尚可。 同意其参加答辩，建议成绩评定为合格 。 指导教师： 2010 年 6 月 日 答辩简要情况及评语 答辩小组组长： 2010 年 6 月 日 答辩委员会意见 答辩委员会主 任： 2010 年 6 月 日 nts电磁铁推拉力测试系统 控制部分 摘要 ： 电磁铁在我们的日常生活中到处可见，应用非常广泛，生活中我们越来越离不开它。电 磁铁是一种电器，它被广泛应用于机床、起重机等大型机电设备中。 电磁铁的静态力性能直接影响到由它所构成的元件及装置的整体性能，进行电磁铁的静态力特性分析，对电磁铁的设计制造和实际应用具有一定的参考价值。本论文基于 PLC 控制步进电机和滚珠丝杆组成的机构，应用力传感器技术，对电磁铁进行推拉力测试，得到其推或拉力与衔铁位移之间的关系曲线。对西门子 S7-200 PLC 系统和步进电机进行深入学习，掌握了西 门子 S7-200 PLC系统的组成、基本指令及其功能指令。理解的步进电机的工作原理及其驱动控制技术，实现了 PLC 对步进电机的控制。 关键词 ： 电磁铁， S7-200， 步进电机 ， 驱动器 ntsSolenoid Push Pull Test System - Control Part Abstact： Electromagnet in our daily life everywhere, is widely used in daily life more and we can not do without it. Is an electrical solenoid, which is widely used in machine tools, cranes and other large electrical and mechanical equipment. Electromagnet static forces directly affects the performance of its composition from the overall performance of components and equipment to carry out the static force analysis of the electromagnet, the electromagnet of the design and manufacture and application has some reference value. This paper, based on PLC control of stepping motor and ball screw institution, application of force sensor technology, push pull solenoid for test, get the push or pull the relationship between the keeper and the displacement curve. Siemens S7-200 PLC system and the stepper motor in-depth study and master the Siemens S7-200 PLC system components, basic commands and features instruction. Understand the working principle of stepper motor and drive control technology, the PLC on the stepper motor control. Key words： Electromagnet, S7-200, stepping motor, drive ntsThe Latest Development of PLC I. Introduction For a long time, PLC will always be in the field of industrial automation and control the main battlefield for a variety of automated control equipment to provide a very reliable control applications. The main reason is that it can provide for the automation control applications safe, reliable and relatively perfect solution for the current industrial enterprises in automation needs. On the other hand, PLC must also rely on other new technologies to deal with shrinking market share gradually brought about by the impact, in particular the PC industry brought about by the impact. PLC need to address the problem still is the introduction of new technology, the system of open and prices. PLC technology exhibition is the ultimate trend that people are still the focus of controversy. Most people think, PLC will continue to lose market share; What is more, in the face of industrial PC, PLC will be step by step towards death, but there are some people believe that some special industrial applications for the PLC will continue to provide a certain market share . In the global industrial computer-controlled areas, and re-open around the open process control system, open process control software, data communication protocol and opening up, enormous changes have taken place almost everywhere PLC, but this trend may not continue to develop. With the soft PLC (SoftPLC) configuration control software technology and the birth of further improvement and development, installation and configuration software is SoftPLC PC-based industrial control systems market share is gradually growing, the fact that traditional suppliers in terms of ideology PLC Have taken place in the dramatic change, they must face the reality, the traditional PLC technology development and raising more open to make a high-profile. The control software, this is the core of PLC controller, PLC providers are available to industrial users of open programming configuration tools, but also for industrial users was very positive. In addition, open communication network technology has also been a breakthrough, the result is the PLC into a more open industrial control industries. Second, open and PC-based industrial control PLC manufacturers have started watching PC-based industrial control technology brought about by the powerful impact. Some experts even believe that the new business brought about by new technology and open technical specifications will be buried traditional PLC. PLC manufacturers that, although in the industrial field installation of a large number of PLC control equipment, but they still need the Joint Control software companies to develop their own PC-based industrial process control software. It is true that a few years ago in the industrial scene obviously there is a mix of the old and the new PLC, industrial users have to learn related to the old and new knowledge, learning and even learn from each other. The majority of PLC manufacturers for industrial users provide only a soft logic and a platform. In the high-end applications, it is difficult to distinguish between PLC control systems and ntsindustrial PC control system the difference between, because it both followed the same types of microprocessors and memory chips. Play the image of an analogy, if you forget the industrial PC and PLC literal meaning of those words, then the box can observe it is precisely some of the basic computer hardware technology, we observed that the more it is the complexity of those basic skills And the mixture of these technologies to be effective in combination to control system. In addition, the adoption of the reasons for the control system functions on the one hand is the need for integration, on the other hand also because some industrial users to function due to excessively demanding. If we can give a high degree of attention, we can get more of the basic technical knowledge. PLC manufacturers to focus on system functions, while industrial users will focus on system applications. People can see that the future trend of development is to further integrate more functions to a control box. As a result sequence control and process control such incidents will be used functional approach to deal with, like the other sports can also share control of the control structure to the same system. It is believed that, PLC technology will continue to open the direction of transfer control system, in particular, the PC-based industrial control systems. The latter addition to the flexibility than traditional PLC has distinct advantages, but also has other advantages, such as the system can be shortened to hit the market cycle, lower system cost of investment, improve the bottom from the factory to the corporate office automation efficiency of the data flow of information And so on. On industrial PC control system for real-time response has been very good solution, perhaps the main thing is still hidden behind in technology, but the lack of corresponding track record. The PLC speaking, the strength of one of its main features, this is already a considerable number of track records to verify. Industrial users will still treat very carefully PLC, they are different from the PLC for the technical tests. In the use of a new technology, industrial users need to consider the question of how much is take the risk, and the need to consider their business activities can bring the number of opportunities and benefits. However, industrial users are not completely believe that the open-control system brought about by the benefits. With the further development of technology, they began to gradually reduce these ideas and concepts. Industrial users are balanced by the introduction of new technology and the risks to their business activities brought about by the proceeds from the future decision-making in order to provide effective protection. Industrial PC technology offers many features to enhance the PLC features, including containing digital video and high-speed floating-point coprocessor. Although Microsoft did not further enhance the features of the plan, but the new Windows CE 3.0 entirely to better meet the needs of process control. Not long ago, Siemens announced a new set of control system based on open software products, that is, 3.0 version of the SIMATIC WinAC (Windows Automation Center). WinAC is based on ntsWindows NT, and SIMATIC S7 PLC-compatible PC suitable for industrial control system solutions. WinAC 3.0 provides a higher degree of integrated Profibus Fieldbus LAN connectivity, and remote programming. In addition, it was the scene of control equipment localization integration provides a new DeviceNet I / O device driver, used to connect the installed DeviceNet I / O devices. Steeplechase software company has also introduced a set of hardware support for real-time process control of embedded Windows NT operating system interface components. Parts of the further integration of the Steeplechase company SBS technology and run the Windows NT environment in the industrial Compact PCI hardware real-time control software. Now, Steeplechases visual logic controller has been upgraded to version 5.0. The controller for Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 operating systems of two of its real-time engine directly with ordinary Ethernet and TCP / IP integrated. 5.0 version of the controller using a enhanced OPC server drivers, so than the previous version with a faster speed. Other features include a new network of OI, and to allow industrial users to design their own colorful screen, such as dynamic graphics. Transysoft company recently launched a new version of the ISaGRAF series of industrial control configuration package, that is ISaGRAF PRO, it is based on IEC 61131-3 international standards and independent of any hardware platform logic of automatic control of the soft package. In a network environment in the process control system, the package can be applied to a variety of configurations and the development of distributed control system, which includes a set of development tools, application platform and the corresponding virtual machine run-time目标. The run-time goal to run on a variety of hardware platforms. CTC automation engineering company has released a new set of control package MachineLogic PCLC (industrial PC logic controller), the PC software industry can play a role in the PLC, and remain industrial PC features. The software able to complete a set by the PLC control tasks, and procedures for the implementation of time and as fast, both in less than 1 ms; can handle more tasks, but not more than 16 control tasks. Is a priority and multi-tasking core mechanism for maintaining control of every one of the tasks of tracking and control tasks can be made to ensure that the highest priority. The software can run all five IEC 61131-3 standard programming languages and PID control procedures, to support two types of I / O control equipment. One is like Profibus and DeviceNet, such as the Fieldbus I / O devices, the other is like PC/104 ISA and the industrial PC I / O template. In addition, the software also provides a control system configuration editor of the online features. Procedures in Windows 95/98 and Windows NT, developed and run, but also in RTXDOS under implementation. SoftPLC company also provides a software industrial products Tealware, it was the very image of the software products such as wearing clothes of the PC industry PLC. Stent installed in the control system has a small form factor of the PLC, but SoftPLCs control software has been embedded in the CPU. Tealware software to meet the needs of various types of industrial users, from small, stand-alone ntssystems to large, decentralized and more control workstation applications. The distinctive features include the full range of I / O module, containing industrial Ethernet and serial communication interface. Recently, Tealware software has been upgraded to version 2.3. Among them, in fact control software provides a limitless ladder logic control sequence, while allowing more than 1 million characters of data table; many OI / SCADA application interface; containing Java engine and FTP server for remote maintenance and management; support Prepared by the users own C, C + +, Java procedures and device drivers; suitable for embedded Web server; programming online mode; rugged I / O modules to support capacity and many other standard features PLC; can run by the Entered, or the conversion of the ABs PLC-5, PLC-2/PLC, PLC-3 and SLC-500 procedures. Third, Ethernet and further to accommodate the expansion of Web technology At present, in all areas of process control, one of the biggest trends is the expansion of Ethernet technology. PLC also an exception, now, more and more providers begin to provide PLC Ethernet interface components. In the past few years, we have seen, the development of small faster than the existing general Ling PLC PLC is a more powerful kind of trend. PLC Ethernet will become the communication standards? Perhaps this is the end result, but now it is still too early. In the PLC to provide Ethernet interface will be able to solve all the communication problems, widespread misunderstanding of the people. Ethernet only definition of the OSI reference model at the bottom of the layers of protocol standards, if the upper agreement can not be compatible with each other, then still impossible to handle communications between the two. Example, that as a Chinese who do not understand English with a Chinese-Americans do not know can not be between the phone like a dialogue. Therefore, the agreement between the communications equipment that is the language. On the other hand, the pace of progress has been made, we only facing difficulties, in order to Ethernet technology will be applied to the bottom of the plant site to process control equipment, ODVA Association for the establishment of a global standard specifications, Ethernet / IP standards, in order to be able to solve the practical work of the difficulties encountered. Ethernet and around to a view to the Internet can connect to the desired anywhere. In fact, in some unexpected places, Web server is demonstrating its rightful power. A few years ago, a number of PLC systems have built a Web server, this is undoubtedly also for the PLC has added more features. Other types of control equipment are also ready to further integrate Web server. For example, Square D company already has a connection with Ethernet interface of the engine control center and is preparing to develop a Web server containing the speed interface devices. Built by the Web server of a wind of the benefits include the open network, the impact of commercial tools, client / server relationship. In the past, industrial users may be representative of the PLC asked some of the information, but now, because of the continuous birth of new technology and ntsdevelopment, industrial users can easily get the information in this regard. On the other hand, as the processor chip and large-scale production, PLC product manufacturers to provide an open network and the production of products for industrial users spent less the cost will be able to function very well to the purchase of the PLC products. For the PLC will connect to Ethernet and on the Web to provide technical support, Schneider has become one of the pioneers. Recently, the company introduced a Premium PLC platform running on the new fast Ethernet (100 Mb / s) module. The module can be connected to the PLC for the TCP / IP Ethernet provides the adaptive full-duplex 10/100 Mb / s connection speed, on-site process controller can be shared between the real-time data, automatic scanning Momentum I / O module And any other Modbus communication protocol based on the control equipment at the scene, using an embedded Web server to provide HTML communications services, while providing a standard SNMP for network communications management. In a show, Schneider also industrial users to display their factories on the concept of transparency. In addition, Schneider has also recently launched a company based on the companys Momentum MIE Modicon family of processors adapter, the adapter provides a standard IEC controlled performance, and further to provide e-create the perfect solution. The adapter will also provide intelligent I / O system and other process control equipment at the scene connected to the Internet and Ethernet capacity, on-site process control equipment, including all the features of real-time process controller. A few years ago, Rockwell Automation also provide its PLC products in the Ethernet interface, and is firmly steady increase in Ethernet features. The company recently announced a flexible I / O module solutions, such flexible I / O module using the generic version of Ethernet technology can provide real-time process control performance. AB 1756 provides the type ControlLogix I / O is also based on standard Ethernet TCP / IP and UDP data transmission components of the agreement, the application layer using an open, object-oriented, based on the producer / consumer technology. This technology in ControlNet, DeviceNet and FF H1 fieldbus network system also can be found. Similarly, many other companies have also launched a communications Ethernet interface module. For example, from IDECs OpenNet PLC controller provided by the communications interface, with the realization of DeviceNet, LonWorks and Interbus, and other Fieldbus-compatible equipment. The controller uses a Interbus Remote I / O card were not able to handle more than 480 points of local I / O and 512 points remote digital I / O. Sierra provided by the companys 8051 industrial communication bridge between them to allow non-compliant PLC, DCS, RTU and SCADA systems well integrated. Road communication through this industrial RS-232, 422,485, or Ethernet communication links to achieve high-speed network applications. The bridge controller at the same time provide eight RS-232 serial communication ports, two RS-485/422 isolated serial communication ports, two 10 Base-T Ethernet interface and a redundant ntshot backup for the Road The connector. From ProSofts multi-component manufacturers interface package for the ABs PLC, SLC, ControlLogix and FLEX I / O (including 1771,1746,1765 and 1794) provided a platform for serial communication capabilities. Each module contains a 80386 processor, and at the same time embedded in a DOS operating system, thus, can be seen as with I / O capability of industrial PC, In addition, the same controller with A prompt disk operation And Autoexec.bat and Config.sys file. Applications can be from simple ASCII communications to complex control algorithms 32. Another campaign is usually in control of the company on Giddings & Lewis also for PiC (programmable industrial control) and MMC (machinery, and movement control) series for the motion control products increased by Ethernet TCP / IP interface. Parts of these units can be provided to connect to the Internet and Intranet within the plants ability to process the scene to allow sharing of data between the controller. The scene and industrial process controllers are usually used between the PC OPC server device drivers to connect to real-time data, using Ethernet network systems and Web technology for remote file transfer, process design and system maintenance. Now, more and more enterprises are planning to gradually all automation control equipment connected to the enterprise-wide information syste
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