2012届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义(三).doc

2012届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义（三）1：besides, except, except for, except that(1)except将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除外，意为“除之外”，指“不包括”。其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或wh-从句。except 和 but 都表示“除了之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等词后多用 but。(2)except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正，后接名词。(3)except that的用法基本同except for，但其后必须句子。它用来表示理由或细节，修下前面所说的情况。Everybody except John was able to answer the question.除了约翰之外,每个人都回答出了问题。The room is empty except for a broken chair. (前后的名词不同类)这个房间空空的,只不过有把破椅子。I know nothing about him except that he is from Japan.我对他一无所知,只是知道他来自日本。She goes to school by bike except when it rains.她骑自行车去上学,除了下雨时不骑。(4)besides:(prep.)“除之外还有”， besides意为“除之外，尚有或外加”句中常含有more/another/else等暗示词。Besides tennis, he also plays basketball and football.除了网球之外，他还打篮球和踢足球。 I have three other dictionaries besides this one.除了这本词典，我还有三本别的词典。 (5)in addition to除之外还有,等于besides做介词的用法。In addition to French, he has to study Japanese.除了法语外,他还得学日语。（7)apart from：apart from:其含义主要依据上下文而定，有时可与except换用，有时可代替besides. Apart from the coat, the hat doesnt suit me. 除价钱太贵，这帽子也不适合我戴。Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged. 除了几处刮痕外，汽车没有什么损坏注意：(1)besides: (adv.) 此外，而且I havent time to see the film-besides, its had dreadful reviews.我没有时间去看这部影片，再说，影评也诸多贬斥。I am too busy to go for a walk; besides, it is late.我太忙不去散步了，而且时候已晚了。(2)but 和except 做“除了”讲时如果前面有do的适当形式,but 和except后面的不定式不带to；如果没有do的适当形式，but 和except后面的不定式带to。He could do nothing except walk home.(except前若有实义动词do,则后面接不带to的不定式)他只好走着回家了=He had no choice but to walk home.( except前若没有实义动词do,则后面接带to的不定式) (3) in addition=besides此外，而且They eat a great deal of fruit in addition.他们还吃大量的水果。 I am too busy to go for a walk; in addition, it is late.我太忙不去散步了，而且时候已晚了。 强化练习1.Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path _ to the front. A. to lead B. led C. leading D. being led 变式1. They set up an _ table in a small temple to operate on the _ soldiers.A. operating ;wounded B. Operated ;wounding C. operated ;/wounded D. operating ;wounding变式2. Betty, still _ excited, took away the box _ with birthday presents for her.A. looked; filledB. looked; fillingC. looking; filledD. looking; filling变式3. This is an early church, _ from the ninth century, which was rebuilt under the direction of San. Carlo Borromeo.A. dated B. being dated C. dating D. dates变式4. The problem _ now must be kept secret A. being discussed B. discussed C. to be discussed D. having been discussed解析:1. 据题意提干前有一个名词path，其后是介词组to the front ，即要求一个现在分词和to the front连成现在分词短语修饰名词path作定语，path名词虽表示物不能使用过去分词，是小路本身延伸到前线的，所以选。变式1.据题意在第一个提干里应使用动名词作tale的名词的定语，修饰table; 说明战士是被枪击伤的即受伤的士兵，表被动完成的动作，所以选。 变式2.look是系动词没有被动语态， Betty 与look 之间是主动关系所以要用现在分词做定语。Wound与 soldiers之间是被动和动作已经完成的关系所以要用过 去分词做定语。变式3.church与 date from之间是主动关系，所以要用现在分词做定语。变式4.the problem与discuss之间是被动和动作已经完成的关系所以要用being discussed。总结：通过对以上习题的分析可以知道分词做定语的用法可以灵活设题是高考重要的考察点。2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled变式1. _ time going on, the old mans friends died off. A. As B. With C. For D. As with变式2. _time went on, the old mans friends died off. A. As B. With C. For D. As with变式3. The famous scientist died of heart attack _ the experiment left undone. A. with B. for C. because D. because of 解析: 该题考查with+名词/代词+不定式，其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。由此可知答案 C变式1. 该题考查with+名词/代词+现在分词这一结构中介词with的运用。不能选as因为as要引导时间状语从句。变式2. 该题考查as引导时间状语从句 “as”可以译为“随着”变式3. 该题考查with+名词/代词+过去分词这一结构中介词with的运用。该结构在本句中做状语表示伴随。总结：通过对以上例题的分析可以知道对“with复合结构”的考查集中在两个方面：一是考查宾补的适当形式；二是考查介词with。该知识点仍旧是命题的重点。3. The discussion, filled with arguments, lasted two days, _ no conclusion.A. reached B. would reach C. to reach D. reaching变式1.He went abroad in 1998,never _.A. returning B. to return C. returned D. having returned变式2. The discussion, filled with arguments, lasted two days, with no conclusion_.A. reached B. would reach C. to reach D. reaching解析:2. B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项to make或表目的，或表“将要使得”，这都不合题干情景。只有A. making,可作状语，表结果。D 变式1. 该句意思是“他在1998年出国了，结果再也没有回来。”由此可知要用不定式做状语表结果，指出人意料的结果，强调意想不到。 变式2. 该题是考查“with+名词/代词+过去分词”做状语表结果。Conclusion 与 reach 之间是被动关系，并且动作已经发生。总结：以上题例表明“现在分词做状语表结果与不定式做状语表结果”的区别是一个很重要的知识点。结果发生的偶然性与否是掌握这一知识的关键。4. There was no one in the bus _ a dog. A. except B. besides C. but D. except for 变式1. The weather is bad; _，I have no money on me. A. except B. besides C. but D. except for变式2 Five more students passed the exam_ Tom.A. in addition B. besides C. but D. except for变式3. the people on the list, many more people will attend the party. A. In addition to B. Except for C. But D. Except 解析：4. except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正。 答案： D 变式1. besides可以做副词意思是“ 此外，而且”表示并列关系。答案：B变式2. besides:(prep.)“除之外还有”， besides意为“除之外，尚有或外加”句中常含有more/another/else等暗示词。答案：B变式3. 该题意思是“除了名单上的人之外还有很多人要参加这次舞会”。in addition to除之外还有,等于besides做介词的用法。答案：A总结：以上以上题例表明“besides, except, except for, except that”的区别是一个很重要的知识点在掌握该知识点时一定要体会出是指“排除”或是指“包含”等方面的用法。5You cant imagine what difficulty/trouble we had _ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 变式1. Do you have any difficulty _ your work? A. in B. on C. with D. for变式2. Thank you for the trouble you have taken _ me with my English. A. to help B. helping C. help D helped 解析：5. we had _ home in the snowstorm 是定语从句, had 的宾语是省略的关系代词，恢复后可以看出是考查“have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.”这一知识点的。答案：D 变式1. 考查“have (some) difficulty with sth.” 这一知识点。答案：C变式2. you have taken _ me with my English是定语从句, have taken 的宾语是省略的关系代词，恢复后可以看出是考查“take trouble to do sth.”这一知识点的。答案：A总结：通过对以上习题的分析可以知道与difficulty相关的短语的用法是高考重要的考察点，可以据此灵活设题。6. I push the window hard but it _close. A. wont B. cant C. shall not D. mustnt 变式1. If you _ listen to me, you _ get a new bike. A. will ; will B. shall ; will C. shall ; shall D. will ; shall 变式2. “What can I do for you?” “ My radio _ work.”A. wont B. cant C. doesnt D. mustnt解析：6. 考查will表示现在的意愿，有拟人化的修辞手法在内。答案A变式1.第一个空格是“will可以表示意愿这时可以用于条件状语从句中”；第二个空格是shall表示“承诺”的用法。答案：D 变式2. doesnt do 表示客观陈述，不包含任何感情色彩。答案：C7. _ the news, so far, has been good, there may be days ahead when it is bad. A. While B. When C. As D. Since变式1. you have got your license, why not drive the car yourself?AEver sinceBNow thatCEven thoughDAs long as 变式2.-The vase cost me almost 100 yuan. -Well, it was crazy of you to spend so much money _ you could buy a much cheaper one. A. while B. if C. because D. when解析：7. 考查while用作从属连词, 引导让步状语从句，意为“although”答案：A变式1.now that =since =now 都可以引导从句译为“既然”，主从句之间是因果关系。答案：B. 变式2. 考查when用作从属连词, 引导让步状语从句, 意为“既然”答案D总结：通过对以上习题的分析可以知道while，now that =since =now，when这三个词是意思相近但用法不同的非常重要的词语。自测试题1._ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not se