高考英语最后抢分冲刺 题型专练 虚拟语气(1).doc

虚拟语气考点分析考点一、条件句中的虚拟语气【考例】it rained cats and dogs this morning. im glad we took an umbrella. yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _. (2013重庆)a. hadnt b. havent c. didnt d. dont 解析：a。 根据would have got wet可知，应用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。考点二、错综时间/混合虚拟语气【考例】 maybe if i _ science, and not literature then, i would be able to give you more help. (2011北京)a. studied b. would study c. had studied d. was studying解析：c。当条件从句与结果主句所表示的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应做相应的调整。句意：也许如果当时我学习的是科学而不是文学的话，那么我(现在)就可以给你更多的帮助了。根据句意和would be可知主句表示对现在的虚拟，根据then一词可以确定此处条件句表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词使用had done的形式。考点三、虚拟条件从句的倒装和省略【考例】 had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts. (2012浙江) a. may have b. could have c. must have had d. might have had 解析：d。如果虚拟条件从句的谓语动词中含有were, had(助动词)或should，可以省略连词if，而把were, had或should放在主语前构成倒装。如果条件句是否定形式，倒装时只能把not放在主语的后面。句意：他们要是早知道将要发生什么的话，也许就会有另外的想法了。 根据had they known可知，应用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 考点四、含蓄条件虚拟语气【考例】 we lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday. (2012福建)a. visited b. had visited c. would visit d. would have visited 解析：d。虚拟语气中有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而暗含在上下文中，通过某些词语(如without, otherwise, but, but for等)表现出来。句意：我们在小村庄里迷路了，否则昨天我们就会参观更多的名胜。 考点五、“(should) do” 型虚拟语气 (主要用在名词性从句中)【考例1】 teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010福建)a. not allow b. do not allow c. mustnt allow d. couldnt allow解析：a。句意：为了安全起见，老师建议家长不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。在表示建议、要求、命令等的名词性从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”形式。常用于此情况的词语有：坚持(insist)，命令(order, command), 建议(suggest/suggestion, advise, recommend/recommendation)，要求(ask, demand，request, require/requirement)等等。【考例2】dont you think it necessary that he _to miami but to new york? i agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. (2005江苏)a. will not be sent; that b. not be sent; thatc. should not be sent; what d. should not send; what 解析：b。“(should)+do”型虚拟语气还包括it is necessary, important. + that+主语+(should)+ do句型。 考点六、wish(ed)后从句中的虚拟语气【考例】 where are the children? the dinners going to be completely ruined. i wish they _ always late. (2011北京)a. werent b. hadnt been c. wouldnt be d. wouldnt have been解析：a。句意： 孩子们都到哪里去了？宴会就要被他们彻底破坏了。 我希望他们不要总是迟到。由always可知本题表示从句动作与wish同时存在或发生，故选择a。在wish后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反用动词过去式(be常用were); 与过去事实相反用过去完成时或could/would+ have done；与将来事实相反用could/would/might +动词原形。注意：“hope +从句”结构中，从句要用陈述语气。 考点七、特殊句式中的虚拟语气 (its time that / would rather / as if /if only等)【考例】 george is going to talk about the geography of his country, but id rather he _ more on its culture.(2010江苏)a. focus b. focused c. would focus d. had focused解析：b。would rather sb+动词过去式, 表示对现在或将来的愿望。 would rather sb+ had+过去分词, 表示对过去的愿望(与过去事实相反)。(谓语)动词+ as if/as though +从句中的虚拟语气 (be常用were)： 动词过去式(主从句动作同时)。 had+过去分词(从句动作在主句之前)。 could / might / would+动词原形(从句动作在主句之后)。注：as if/though引导的从句有时可用陈述语气。在it is (high) time that句型中，从句常用一般过去时。情态动词和虚拟语气 1. could i use your telephone?yes, of course you _.a. will b. could c. can d. might 2. how was your trip to pingyao?it _ have been better.a. wont b. neednt c. mustnt d. couldnt 3. if you like, we _ send you some samples (样品) of our latest skin creams for you to try out.a. may b. can c. must d. should 4. the rule states that all the people present _ stay until the meeting is over. a. can b. could c. may d. shall 5. tom, you _ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!a. wouldnt b. mustnt c. neednt d. might not 6. my umbrella has disappeared. who _ have taken it? i have no idea.a. should b. must c. could d. would 7. how _ you expect your children to be truthful when you yourself tell lies？ a. can b. shall c. may d. must 8. what language are they speaking?im not sure. it _ be french or spanish. a. might b. will c. must d. would 9. you _ take the book out of the library. you have to read it here. a. darentb. cantc. neednt d. wouldnt 10. is the girl over there wei fang?no, it _ be her. she has gone to tianjin. a. neednt b. mustnt c. wont d. cant 11. even experienced teachers _ make mistakes, let alone a green hand like her.a. must b. will c. can d. should 12. you _ know, drunken driving is forbidden in our country. its against the law!a. must b. will c. may d. need13. she _ have missed the train, in which case she wont arrive for another hour.a. may b. can c. should d. would14. theres not a peter here.sorry. i _ the wrong number.a. might dialb. can have dialed c. could dial d. must have dialed15. she _ come in person; a call would have been enough. a. should have b. could have c. neednt have d. mustnt have 16. you _ have made fun of him. he is not the one you laugh at but learn from.a. mustntb. needntc. mightnt d. ought not to17. what a pity! considering his ability and experience, he _ better.a. need have done b. must have done c. can have done d. might have done18. why are we not allowed to enter the park? it _ be accessible to everyone. a. should b. would c. will d. might 19. happy birthday!thank you! its the best present i _ for. (2012江苏)a. should have wished b. must have wishedc. may have wished d. could have wished20. where is mr. smith? i cant find him anywhere. he _ far, for his mobile phone is still here.a. mustnt have goneb. wouldnt have gonec. cant have goned. shouldnt have gone21. as sales manager, i _ admit, there have been some faults in our sales strategies (策略) in the past three months. a. may b. will c. must d. can22. born in the city, you _ imagine the difficulty a child in some distant mountain village has going to school.a. mustntb. cantc. needntd. shall not23. has mr. zhang gone back home already? he _ have left the office, but youd better go and check for yourself.a. may notb. cant c. mustntd. neednt24. the words on the wall _ written by li tong im quite familiar with his unique handwriting.a. must beb. may not bec. might have beend. couldnt have been25. if we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. (2012山东)a. havent made b. wouldnt make c. didnt make d. hadnt made26. the guide suggested that we _ victim to wild animals, so we dismissed the idea to go deeper into the forest.a. fellb. might fall c. fall d. should fall27. you _ worry about the childrenthey are taken good care of in the kindergarten.a. mustnt b. cant c. neednt d. maynt 28. its important that these application forms _ back as early as possible. a. must be sent b. will be sent c. are sent d. be sent 29. the plant is dead. maybe i _ have given it more water. a. will b. can c. must d. should30. ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.it _ harrys. he always wears green.a. has to be b. will be c. mustnt be d. could be31. shall i open the window?id rather you _. its too cold outside. a. dont b. didnt c. wont d. hadnt32. i really appreciate what youve done for me. without you, i _ in finding a job so soon. a. cant have succeeded b. wont succeed c. wouldnt succeed d. couldnt have succeeded33. she wishes that we _ her the box of chocolate yesterday because shes on a diet.a. didnt send b. dont sendc. wouldnt sendd. hadnt sent34. i dont have a cell phone. if i _ one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.a. had b. havec. will have d. had had 35. we _ have bought so much food now that suzie wont be with us for dinner. (2012江西)a. may not b. neednt c. cant d. mustnt 36. we _ at the bus station. otherwise we would have been here by lunchtime. a. had been delayed b. were delayed c. have been delayed d. are delayed 37. what do you think of his suggestion that we _ to the beach for a holiday? isnt it excellent?a. will go b. go c. are going d. would go38. _ six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. a. did paul receiveb. should paul receivec. had paul received d. were paul to receive39. it is required in the school regulations that teachers _ cell phones in class. a. dont use b. shouldnt use c. wont use d. mightnt use 40. the examination is coming. its time we _ full use of every minute to go over our lessons.a. madeb. will makec. must make d. make参考答案及解析：1-5 cdbdb 6-10 caabd 11-15 caadc16-20 ddadc 21-25 cbadd 26-30 bcddd 31-35 bddab 36-40 bbcba 解析 1. c。在表示请求许可时用can, may, could, might都可以。在问句中could或might的语气更委婉，但回答时则必须用can或may。 2. d。it couldnt have been better再好不过了。 3. b。can用于肯定句，有时可以用来提出建议。句意：如果你愿意，我们可以寄些最新护肤产品的样品给你试用。 4. d。shall在句中表示条文、规则、制度等规定应做的事情(用于二、三人称)。句意：根据规定，所有参会人员须待到会议结束。 5. b。mustnt表示禁止做某事或不该做某事。 6. c。must have done 意为“一定做过某事”，但只能用于肯定句。should have done意为“本来应该做某事”；could have done意为“可能做过某事”；would have done意为“将做过某事”。 句意为“我的雨伞不见了。可能是谁拿走了？”“我不知道”。 7. a。can用于否定句或疑问句中表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度，意为“可能”。句意为“你自己都在撒谎，怎么能指望你的孩子们诚实？” 8. a。might表推测时表示不明确性，可能性小。句意为“他们在讲什么语言？”“我不十分肯定。可能是法语或者西班牙语”。 9. b。在句中cant表示不允许做某事。 10. d。neednt 意为“不需要”；mustnt意为“禁止”；wont意为“将不会”；cant意为“不可能”。句意为“那边那个姑娘是魏芳吗？”“不可能。她去天津了”。11. c。can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要表示理论上的可能性，或表示“有时”之意。句意为“即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。何况像她这样的新手”。12. a。must表示义务、命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须；应该”。13. a。may have done表示对过去发生的行为的推测，意为“或许/可能做了某事”。句意为“她可能没有赶上火车，那样再过一个小时她也到不了”。14. d。表示推测。must have done意为“想必、准是、一定做了某事”。15. c。句意：她本不必亲自来，一个电话就足够了。16. d。ought to / should have done和 ought not to / shouldnt have done用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该”和“本不应该”。17. d。might have done在句中可表示本来可能，但实际上没有发生的事。18. a。should意为“应该”，指按常理公园应该向每个人开放。19. d。答语句意：谢谢！这是我能够期待的最好的礼物。可以理解为一种虚拟语气，条件暗含在上下文中。 20. c。对发生过的事情进行推测判断，cant have done在此句中表示“不可能做过某事”。21. c。must可以表示一种语气上的强调。句意：作为销售经理，我必须承认，我们的销售战略在上三个月出了些差错。22. b。cant在句中表示“不可能，无法”。句意：生在城市里的你，无法想象一个山村的小孩子上学是多么的不容易。23. a。c、d两项不用于推测可能性，may not可能不；cant不可能，根据下文可知把握不大，故选a。24. d。表示对过去事情的推测，需用情态动词+have done形式，再根据后面“独一无二的书写”可知把握极大，故选d。25. d。根据wouldnt have been可知, 句中的虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，因此if引导的虚拟条件句应用had done形式。 26. b。suggest意为“建议”时，后