六级英语选词填空练习 2.doc

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling .No school I have taught in has ever _ spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much _ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling become the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a _4_child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid _5_ language. Thats why teachers often _6_ the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience ：“ This work is _7_ !There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible( 难以辨认的 ).” It may have been a sharp_8_ of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which _9_ some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had cent redon the childs ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more _10_ to seek improvement. A) priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearly B) E)adventurous F） discourage G)motivation H)terrible I)ignored J)difficult K)encourage L)expressed M)confidently N)bright O)motive P)expressed Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can _1_ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的 ) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on _2_ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, _3_ among educators. But the careful use of small _4_ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激 ) indeed _5_inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively _6_ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to _7_ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for _8_ achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and _9_ failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows _10_ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoid E)hope F)especially G)aid H)ordinary I)approval J)monetary K)generally L)improve M)challenging N)restore O)excellent Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, in fact, a nation which can be divided into several _1_ parts, each part being an individual country with its own language, character and cultural _2_. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales do not claim to _3_ to England because their inhabitants are not _4_ English. They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which in turn is _5_ to the others. These cultural minorities(少数民族) have been Britains original inhabitants. In varying degrees they have managed to _6_ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and way of life. This is probably even more true of the _7_ areas where traditional life has not been so affected by the _8_ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are said to be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots could rather _9_ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songs and dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic _10_ as a whole produces humorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Burns, and the Welsh Dylan Thomas, to mention but a few. Aincomprehensible Btemper Cremote Dseparate Eunderstandable Fforget Ggenerally Htemperament Ipreserve Jstrictly Ktraditional Lreserve Mgrowth N apply O belong As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is _1_ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay. If a firm wants to _2_ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a _3_ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be _4_, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in points, which are _5_ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their _6_ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without _7_ to an evaluation system based on points. In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should _8_ the value of each job with these in the job market. _9_, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for _10_ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed. Acompare Bresponsible Cuseful Dadded Efind Freference Gindirect Hmethod Isuccessful Jcombined KNecessarily Lcapacity Mability NBasically Oadopt Nowadays, is it possible to tell a persons class just by looking at him? Physical details _1_ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often looked unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often _2_, sporting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such _3_ would no longer be so true.The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their _4_. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer had money. Clothes can provide other _5_ as well. The upper classes _6_ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colors, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes in bright colors, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are missing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is _7_.Clothes are _8_ at a price within most peoples reach. New clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some _9_ of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look _10_ and feel important. They want people to look at themA) Available B) background C) different D) tall E) totally B) F) taken G) descriptions H) degree I) clues J) alone C) K) appear L) consider M) full N) hobby O)fetched The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well-grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced _1_ societies. But such families are hard to _2_. They are immobile. Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family _3_ shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged-a stripped-down, portable family unit _4_ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more _5_ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of Eco-technological development, _6_ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlining process, a step further by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more _7_ components, a man and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than the ordinarily child-cluttered family.A _8_ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in _9_ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many _10_ will sidestep this problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gradually D)transport E)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobile I)couples J)agricultural K )including L)compromise M)requires N)primary O)consisting Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always _1_ such people, but I also explain that theres a big difference between being a writer and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of _2_ and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. Youre got to want to write, I say to them, not want to be a writer.The reality is that writing is a _3_, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never _4_. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿人), I had no _5_ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didnt even matter that it was _6_and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike a _7_ writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadnt gotten a break and began to _8_ myself. It was so hard to sell a storythat _9_ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasnt going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keep putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with _10_and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubt E) lonely B) F) poverty G) persuade H) prospects I) uncertainty J)impossiblyC) K) encourage L)awarded M) alone N)wealth O)cold As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is _1_ for a healthy mind and body. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to _2_ it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of _3_ that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such _4_ are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of _5_ difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and _6_. In fact we make choice between flight or fight and in more _7_ days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same _8_. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued _9_ to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we cannot _10_ stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it. A) exposure B )characters C)answer D)chemically E)avoid F)psychologically G)primitive H)transfer I)unusual J)control K)remove L)escape M)response N)backward O)essential The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens（雅典)in 1896and only twelve nations participated. Besides the host nation man participants were tourists who _1_ to be in Greece at the time. Though the whole affair was _2_ and the standard was not high, the old principle of amateur sport was kept up.Since then the games had been held every four years except during the _3_ of the two World War. This was _4_ a departure from the old Olympic spirit when wars had to stop and make way for the games.The games have grown enormously in scale and _5_performances have now reached unprecedented heights.Unfortunately the same cannot be said about their _6_ standard.Instead of Olympia, the modern games are now held in different cities ll over the world. Inevitably politics and commercialism get involved as countries vie each other for(为 . 而互相竞争) the _7_ to hold the games because of the political prestige and commercial profit to be _8_ out of them. In the 11th games held in Berlin in 1936, Hitler who had newly come to _9_ in Germany tried to use the occasion for his Nazi propaganda. For the first time the Olympic flame was brought all the way from Olympia to the games site in relays,a marathon journey now often taking months to _10_.A) honor B) accomplish C) had D) moral E) arrive F) occurred G) end H) power I) happened J) definitely K) Physical L) informal M) interruption N) especially O) irregularAmericans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so _1_ in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more _2_ than civilian（百姓的） clothes. People have become conditioned to _3_ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to _4_ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the _5_ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to _6_ professional identity（身份） than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many _7_ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of _8_ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without _9_, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act _10_, on the job at least. Askill Bpopular Cget Dchange Esimilarly Fprofessional Gcharacter Hindividuality Iinspire Jdifferently Kexpect Lpractical Mrecall Nlose Oordinary Answers: 1. 选 I ）。 由该句中的 has 可知，此处应填动词过去式，且表达的含义应和后面的 considerunimportant 相近，故应排除 contained 和 expressed而选择 ignored 。 2. 选 A ）。 此处应填名词，但能与后面 over 构成固定搭配的名词只有 priority ，故排除 了 criticism 和 motivation 。 3. 选 M). 由空格前面的 and 可知，此处应填副词和 freely 并列。从句意来理解，在没有拼写困难的情况下，怎样鼓励学生自由且 地表达自己，选项中只有 confidently “自信地“符合题意。 4. 选 N ）。 很明显这里应填形容词，选项中 terrible ， difficult 后接事物名词 something ，只有 adventurous 和 bright 可用来形容 somebody （ child )，再由后面的play safe“不冒险”，可排除adventurous而选择bright。 5. 选 E ）。 由前一句中的 be likely to “ play safe ”和空格前的 avoid可以推知，此处所填词的意思应与play safe表达的意思相反，故选项中只有adventurous符合题意。 6. 选 K ）。 很明显此处应填动词的一般现在时，可选项有 encourage和 persuade 。由 Thats why 知本句与前一句构成因果关系，而前一句说的是学生往往会用他们拼写范围内的词写文章，从而选择避免用那些不会的词，故由此可推知此句应理解为老师鼓励学生用字典，因此排除 persuade 而选encourage。 7. 选 H ）。 此处应填形容词。由空格后面的 too many spelling errors和illegible可知，这篇文章是写的很糟，而不是很难理解。故排除difficult而选terrible。 8. 选 B ）。 此处应填名词。由后半句中 a sad reflection on the teacher可知，前半句是在指责学生，故选项中只有criticism符合题意。 9. 选 C ）。 此处填动词过去式，本句中由 which 引导的从句是对 essay的解释，剩余选项中 contained 和 expressed ，根据句意，文章 儿童内心感受的一些好的表达，故只有 contained 符合题意。 10. 选 G