外研版高中英语必修三Module3.doc

必修三Module3单词1experiencen. 经验；实践；经历；阅历 v. 经历；经受；遭受；感受 experienced adj. 有经验的；熟练的 from/by experience 凭经验；从经验中(得出) be experienced in 在方面有经验【易错警示】 experience作“经验”讲是不可数名词，作“经历”讲是可数名词。2causen. 原因；动机；理由；根据；目标；理想；事业 v. 引起；惹起；促成 for a good cause为了正义的事业 cause sb to do sth 促使某人做某事【词语辨析】cause和reason(1)cause 指“导致某事发生的原因或起因，常跟of搭配”。如：We do not yet know the cause of the accident. 我们尚不清楚事故的原因。(2)reason 指“做某事的理由”，常跟for或why引导的定语从句搭配。如： He has given no reasons for his decision. 他并未说明他决定的理由。【活学活用】(1)Tell me _you were so late this morning. 告诉我今天上午你来这么晚的原因。(2)_was carelessness. 火灾的起因是粗心。 3occurv. 发生；出现；存在；浮现 occurence n. 发生的事情，事件；发生；出现 sth occur to sb 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到某事 It occurs to sb that/It occurs to sb to do 某人想到 【短语辨析】 take place, happen, occur, come about和breakout 以上词或短语都含有“发生”的意思，区别如下：(1)take place表示“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生是由于某种原因或根据事先的安排。(2)happen作“发生”讲，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。另外还可以表示“碰巧”。常用于搭配：happen to do sth/It happens that(3)occur作“发生”讲，其意义相当于happen，但它还可以表示“想到，突然想起”。(4)come about表示“发生，产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。可以构成句型：How did it come about that？是怎么发生的？(5)break out意为“发生，爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。 【易错警示】 上面表示“发生”的五个词或短语，都是不及物动词。其主语都是事情、事件等。4ruinv. (使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭 n. 毁灭；崩溃；废墟；遗迹 in ruins 成为废墟 go/fall/come to ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉【词语辨析】 ruin, damage和destroy(1)ruin现在多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏”，还可指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏”等。(2)damage多指不一定全部破坏、损坏，可能还可以修复。它既可作名词，也可作动词。作名词时常构成搭配： cause/do damage (to)(对)造成损害。(3)destroy指“彻底毁坏掉以至不能或很难修复”。【活学活用】 用ruin, damage或destroy的适当形式填空(1) The rain caused great _to the crops. (2)A big fire _the tall building. (3)She poured water all over my painting, and _it. 5strikev. 打；撞击；碰撞；(突然)袭击；某人突然想到/意识到；让(某人)觉得；留下印象；擦(火柴)；罢工 be on strike在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 It strikes me that 某人突然想到/意识到 be deeply struck 被深深打动 strike sb as 让某人觉得5strikev. 打；撞击；碰撞；(突然)袭击；某人突然想到/意识到；让(某人)觉得；留下印象；擦(火柴)；罢工 be on strike在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 It strikes me that 某人突然想到/意识到 be deeply struck 被深深打动 strike sb as 让某人觉得短语1set fire to放火烧；使燃烧 make a fire生火 put out fire 扑火 play with fire 冒大风险；玩火 be on fire 燃烧着 catch fire 着火；起火 seton fire 放火烧；使燃烧2take place发生；举行 in place 在正确的位置；适当 out of place 在错误的位置；在不适当的位置 in place of 代替in sbs place 处于某人的位置；为某人设身处地地着想 take sbs place/take the place of 代替；接替 in the first place 首先；第一点3.end up结果为；以结束(尤指意料之外的) end up doing/in sth/adj. 以告终 put an end to sth 使某事结束，终止 bring sth to an end 使某事结束，终止 come to an end 结束；终止 on end 连续地；竖着；直立地 in the end 最后；终于 at the end of 在结束时 by the end of 到结束时为止4. pick up 拾起；拿起；偶然得到(或学到、找到)；收听到；搭载；恢复(健康)；好转pick out挑选；区分；领会，弄明白pick on 选择(作挨骂或受罚对象)；挑中(某人)pick at 一点一点地吃pick off 摘掉；取走英译汉：Then with a huge effort，she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rock._I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year._答案 之后，她艰难地用鼻子托住它，直到把它放在一块岩石狭窄的边缘上。去年我在希腊时学会了几句希腊语。The sensors pick up faint vibrations in the Earth.(朗文在线)_We picked up two more English merchants also, and two young Portuguese gentlemen.(选自鲁宾逊漂流记)_答案 这种传感器能接收到地球微弱的振动。我们又让另外两位英国商人和两位葡萄牙绅士上了船。 Under good treatment，Linda is beginning to pick up and will soon recover._答案 在精心治疗下，琳达逐渐恢复并且将很快康复。5. put out 扑灭(火)；伸出； 生产；出版put up with 忍受put up 举起；张贴；建造；支起；为提供住宿；提名put through 使穿过；接通(电话) put down 放下，使(乘客等)下(车)；写下，记下 put on 穿上；上演；假装put off 推迟，拖延put aside 把放在一边，暂不考虑put forward 拨快；推荐；提出put away 收拾；存放Then I put_the light and scrambled out of the window on to the shed.(选自哈克贝利费恩历险记)Never put _ till tomorrow what may be done today.Make sure that you put _every word she says.Please put those tools _ after you finish the work.We shall be happy to put you _when you come to town next month.答案outoffdownawayup He was not really angry.He was putting it _.The bus stopped at the station to put _ one or two passengers.She put _ the light and closed the door.No longer able to put _ my toothache，I went to see a dentist.答案ondownoutup with句型1. On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injured. 平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1500人受伤。2. The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. 历史上最严重的龙卷风发生于1925年，影响了美国三个州：密苏里州，伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。【句式分析】 这两个句子都是现在分词作结果状语。 现在分词作结果状语：主句doing (表示意料之中的结果，起补充说明的作用) 【相关拓展】 不定式作结果状语：主句(only)to do(表示意料之外的结果)3leave宾语宾语补足语：使保留，让/使某人(某物)继续处于某种状态、某地等。(1)在这个句式中充当宾语补足语的词性是：形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、名词或句子。(2)当动词作宾补时，需要用以下几种形式。宾补与宾语形成逻辑上的主谓关系：用现在分词。宾补与宾语之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系即被动关系：用过去分词。宾补与宾语是主谓关系，且表示将来：用to do。宾补与宾语是被动关系，且表示将来：用to be done。 I wish youd stop leaving the door open。我希望你不要再让门敞着。Dont leave her outside in the rain.别让她在外边雨中等着。直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethat those时间状语nowtodaythis week, monthlast week two days agonext week thenthat day that week, monththe week beforetwo days beforethe next week地点状语herethereThe bad weather left the project half finished.坏天气使工程只完成了一半。His parents both died last year, leaving him an orphan.他父母去年双双去世，留下他成为一个孤儿。Leave it with/to me and Ill see what I can do.把它交给我，我看看能做什么。They killed the bison, cut off the skins and left thebodies to rot.他们把野牛杀死剥皮，尸体就任其腐烂。Leave the medicine where the children cant reach it把药放在孩子们够不到的地方。 语法（一） 过去完成时被动语态过去完成式表示在过去某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。The past perfect passive = The past perfect +The passive voice 构成：had (not) + been + p.p.1. By the end of last month, the work had been finished.2.The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.3.The work was done earlier than it had been planned.4.As soon as their homework had been assigned, they started to do it.5.They left after the door had been locked.高考链接1. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _. (2007江苏)A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached2. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it seriously. (2007上海春)A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged （二）间接引语引述别人的话叫直接引语；“”，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。1. 直接引语变为间接引语的时态变化：直接引语直接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般现在时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时2. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化1. 引用的句子是陈述句时，间接引语可以用宾语从句的形式。1. She said, “I like English very much.”She said she liked English very much.2. Betty said, “Ill be waiting for your call.”Betty said that she would be waiting for my call.2. 直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句，可以改成以if / whether + 陈述句的形式。1. The teacher asked me, “Do you like English?” The teacher asked me if I liked English.2. He asked, “Youve already finished your homework, havent you?”He asked if/whether we had already finished our homework.3. He asked me, “Do you want to stay at a hotel or at my home?”He asked me whether I wanted to stay at a hotel or his home.4. She asked us, “Youre from the same city, arent you?”She asked whether we came from the same city.3. 引语为特殊疑问句时，可以保留疑问词，后跟陈述句。1. He asked me, “Where are you going?”He asked me where I was going.2. She asked him, “Whom do you want to see?”She asked him whom he wanted to see.4. 引用祈使句时，间接引语用不定式，主句动词根据句子意义，可用ask, want, tell, order, promise, advise等词代替。1. The teacher said to the student, “Dont be late again.”The teacher told the student not to be late again.2. “Wake him up,” she said to me. She told me to wake him up.5. 过去时如有表示具体年份的状语，不必改变时态。“I was born in 1980,” Julia said.Julia said that she was born in 1980.6. 引语中含有must, should, would等情态动词时，不必改变时态。“You should be back by six,” she said.She said I should be back by six.7. 当引用的事情为永恒的真理、依然存在的事情时，可以不必改变时态。1. He said that the earth rotates around the sun.2. He said that the train leaves at 6:30.1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _ very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his