2010华南理工英语考博样题.doc

华南理工大学2006年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语题型1英语知识运用：一段文章，共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。2阅读A：5篇短文，共20小题，每题2分，共40分。3阅读B：一篇文章，其中有5个空白，在文章后面的67个选段中选择最适合的内容分别填进空白处。每小题3分，共15分。4英译汉：一篇文章，有5段划线句子，要求译成汉语。每小题3分，共15分。5写作：依据所提示信息写一篇200250词（标点符号不计在内）的短文，20分。华南理工大学攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语样题Part I. Use of English (l0 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and marked A, B C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.Unlike many ants, trees grow slowly. Thirty to eighty years are necessary before a tree grows to the right size for harvesting as lumber or pulpwood. But a tree crop can be a good investment for a landowner or farmer, since trees will grow on the parts of his land where ordinary crops will not grow.Trees 1 much more than provide lumber for home building. They provide raw materials for making paper, plastics, synthetics, turpentine, and other products. Even more important, trees protect the nations water supply by holding 2 erosion and keeping water in the soil.America once had huge natural forests. To start their 3 , pioneers cleared many trees. Later, logging crews 4 by lumber companies moved into other forests. They cut all the valuable trees, and then moved on.There were few 5 to protect our forests or to plant new ones until the beginning of the present century. Then, 6 with forest experts, government officials, and landowners, the lumber companies began planning to support the planting of new forests. The American Tree Far System, begun during World War II, is one of the plans that grew 7 this cooperation.Landowners who wish to establish tree farms can get help from a professional. state-employed forester, or from an association of lumber companies. They can get 8 on what kind of trees to plant and how to care for them. Landowners must protect their trees by keeping grazing animals 9 and by removing dead or diseased trees. They must keep replanting, so that young trees are growing at all times to replace those 10 for cutting.Some tree farms are small woodlots. Others cover thousands of acres. All together, they are of great value to the United States and its people.1. A. createB. devoteC. haveD. do2. A. onB. downC. backD. off3. A. productionB. farmsC. cropsD. factories4. A. controlledB. distributedC. employedD. monitored5. A. forcesB. hardshipsC. effortsD. struggles6. A. workingB. goingC. stayingD. together7. A. out ofB. fromC. uponD. up8. A. courageB. adviceC. confidenceD. lesson9. A. underB. awayC. fromD. out10. A. standingB. caringC. safeD. readyPart II. Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following five texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Passage 1Grandma Moses is among the most celebrated twentieth-century painters of the United States, yet she had barely started painting before she was in her late seventies. As she once said of herself: I would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me. No one could have had a more Productive old age.She was born Anna Mary Robertson on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls (We came in bunches, like radishes) At twelve she left home and was in domestic service until, at twenty-seven, she married Thomas Noses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five survived; her husband died in l927.Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby, but only switched to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a fair, and were soon spotted by a dealer who bought everything she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930s and her death she produced some 2,000 pictures: detailed and lively portrayals of the rural life she had known for so long, with a marvelous sense of color and form. I think real hard till I think of something real Pretty and then I paint it, she said.11. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A Grandma Moses: A Biographical Sketch B The Children of Grandma MosesC Grandma Moses: Her Best Exhibition D Grandma Moses and other Artists12. According to the passage, Grandma Moses began to paint because she wanted to .A decorate her room B keep activeC improve her salary D gain an international reputation13. From Grandma Moses description of herself in the first paragraph, it can be inferred that she was .A independent B pretty C wealthy D timid14. Grandma Moses spent most of her life .A nursing B painting C embroidering D farmingPassage 2Alfred Nobel, the famous Swedish chemist who founded the Nobel Prize, was born into a family Where research and experimentation were almost second nature. His father Immanuel, out of work and penniless, tested his theories of explosives in a laboratory set up in their house. Unfortunately, the elder Nobel remained frustrated in his efforts to apply his natural inventive spirit to establishing a prosperous endeavor.Alfred Nobel worked alongside his father, and by l850, when he was l7, Alfred had acquired most of his fathers knowledge of and enthusiasm for chemistry. Although numerous other scientists had been intrigued by nitroglycerine, Alfred was the one who finally managed to turn this dangerous substance into a safe and useful explosive. He succeeded in developing dynamite commercially, which laid the foundation for many of the worlds leading chemical enterprises. Aside from introducing the innovative Nobel Ignitor in 1864 and dynamite in l866, Alfred claimed 355 patents including nitrocellulose and substitutes for leather and rubber. He developed clever methods for the production of synthetic silk and was involved in electrochemical, telecommunications, and safety alarm systems as well.Alfred Nobel was a dedicated scientist who became very rich applying his knowledge of chemistry. His sense of guilt over having created a potentially deadly material led him to leave some of his millions to reward individuals who made substantial contributions to certain areas of science. It was natural that he would include chemistry as one of those branches, especially since the end of the nineteenth century brought rapid advancements in the field.15. According to the passage, What is true about Alfred Nobels father Immanuel?A He was never able to capitalize on his work in chemistry.B He was not instrumental in developing his sons enthusiasm for chemistry.C He turned his knowledge of chemistry into a profitable business.D He shared in the work of his son Alfred.16. According to the passage, the power of nitroglycerine . .A was first recognized by Immanuel Nobel B was never utilized well by chemical enterprisesC was most fully developed by Alfred Nobel D lay in its intrigue for many scientists17. Which of the following conclusions about Alfred Nobel can be drawn from the passage?A His talents lay almost exclusively in the area of explosives.B He was reluctant to bequeath a large part of his wealth towards promoting scientific research.C He chose to work independently of other scientists.D He was a major contributor to the rapid progress in chemistry in the late nineteenth century.18. According to the passage, Alfred Nobel made important progress in developing all of the following items EXCEPT . A nitrocellulose B rubber and leather C synthetic silk D safety alarm devices19. It can be inferred from the passage that Alfred Nobel later viewed his invention of dynamite .A with much concern for its negative effects on mankind B as a minor achievement in his long careerC with satisfaction regarding its impact on chemical enterprises D as a natural outgrowth of his fathers trainingPassage 3If there is any single factor that makes for success in living, it is the ability to profit by defeat. Every success I know has been achieved because the person was able to analyze defeat and actually profit by it in his next undertaking. Confuse defeat with failure, and you are doomed to failure. For it isnt defeat that makes you fail; it is your own refusal to see in defeat the guide and encouragement to success.Defeats are nothing to be ashamed of. They are routine incidents in the life of every man who achieves success. But defeat is a dead loss unless you do face it without humiliation, analyze it and learn why you fail. Defeat, in other words, can help to cure its own cause. Not only does defeat Prepare us for success, but nothing can arouse within us such a compelling desire to succeed. If you let a baby grasp a rod and try to Pull it away he will cling more and more tightly until his whole weight is suspended. It is this same reaction which should give you new and greater Strength every time you are defeated. If you exploit the power which defeat gives, you can accomplish with it far more than you are capable of.20. what does the author know?A He knows at lest several cases of success. B He knows every success in life.C Its not mentioned in the passage. D He knows every success that has been achieved by man.21. The person who was able to analyze defeat is likely .A to achieve success B to be a successor C to profit from success D to confuse with failure22. Defeat is valuable .A because it makes you succeed B because it helps you to face it without humiliationC orders you to confuse defeat with failure D because it compels you to arouse a desire to succeed.Passage 4The building crane, Which has become the most striking feature of the urban landscape in Switzerland, is beginning to alter the mountain 1andscape as well. District of the Swiss Alps, Which up to now have consisted of only a few disconnected small communities content with selling cheese and milk, perhaps a little lumber and seed potatoes, are today becoming parts of planned, developing regions. The new highway, the new ski-lift, the new multi-nationally-owned hotel will diversify the economy and raise the standard of living in the mountain areas, or so many Swiss regional planners and government officials hope.The mountainous area of Switzerland, which accounts for nearly two-thirds of the total area of the country and only l2 percent of the total population, has always been the problem area. According to the last census in l970, 750,000 people lived in the Swiss mountains. Compared with the rest of the country, incomes are lower, services are fewer, employment opportunities are more limited and populations are decreasing. In fact, in only one respect do mountain districts come out ahead. They have more farmers, Which many people do not consider to be an advantage. Seventeen per cent of the Swiss mountain population works in primary occupations, in contrast to only 8 percent of the total population of the country.The mountain farmers are a special breed of men. They work at least twelve hours a day in topographical and weather conditions which kill most crops and which only a few animals will tolerate. About half of them work at some other job as well, leaving their wives and children to do the bulk of the farm work. In the Rhone Valley in the canton of Valais in south-western Switzerland nearly four-fifths of the farmers commute daily from their mountain farmers to the large factories in the valley. In other parts of Switzerland this pattern of life is not as common, but almost everywhere non-farm wintertime employment is the rule.With all the difficulties inherent in working in the Swiss mountains, why should anyone resist any extension of the mountain economy? The answer, as Andreas Werthemann, editor of the Swiss mountain agriculture magazine Alpwirtschaftliche Monatsblatter states, is that “when tourism becomes too massive, farming disappears.” And basically there are three reasons why Switzerland needs its mountain farmer; they contribute to the food supply, they preserve the landscape, and they represent the Switzer1and of nostalgia and holiday dreams.But in the real world, and especially in highly industrialized Switzerland where mountain farmers are aware of the “benefits” of city living, is it possible to maintain mountain agriculture and still solve the problems of mountain communities? The Swiss government has come to the conclusion that other kinds employment in addition to farming must be emphasized. Yet whether it is possible to create other jobs that will not completely destroy agriculture is unknown.23. The building crane represents .A. the construction of hotels, ski-lifts, etc. B. parts of p1anned, developing regionsC. the districts of the Swiss Alps D. the machine with a long arm used for lifting and moving heavy weighs24. The majority of farmers in the Rhone Valley .A. do the great part of the farm work in the valley B. work in factories in the valley and travel from their farms in the mountains dailyC. work long hours a day D. work at some other job besides farm work25. Apart from supplying food, the farmers care for the landscape and .A. offer tourists many advantages B. form an essentia1 part of the picture of Switzerland that tourists imagineC. develop animal husbandry in mountain areas D. solve the problems of mountain communities26. The magazine editor, Andreas Werthemann, takes a different attitude towards the farms in that he thinks .A. other kinds of employment apart from farming, must be encouragedB. it is possible to create other jobs that will not completely destroy agricultureC. mountain farmers are aware of the benefits of city living D. if tourism is allowed to spread too far, farming will disappearPassage 5Volcanoes have been erupting on the earth for millions of years. More than five hundred still erupt today .These are called active volcanoes. Volcanoes are located in belts or chains. They are found where the earths crust is weak. The weak spots let the hot rock escape when the volcano erupts.Many volcano belts are mountain ranges along the edges of continents. One belt runs along the western coast of South America up through the western part of the United States. Other volcanoes are found in oceans basins.About three-fifths of all active volcanoes in the world are in the Pacific Ocean. Many of these volcanoes erupt under the water. The Hawaiian Islands were built by volcanoes that began erupting under water and finally reached the surface of the ocean.27. The selection says that about five hundred volcanoes .A. wil1 erupt this year B. are still active C. are located under water D. are all that have ever been discovered28. Volcanoes are found .A. Where the earths crust is weak B. in belts or chains C. in the ocean basins of the world D. all of the above29. Most of the active volcanoes are located in .A. South America B. the Pacific Ocean C. the western United States D. the Atlantic Ocean30. The Hawaiian Islands were built by volcanoes that .A. began erupting under water B. formed a mountain ranger under waterC. finally reached the surface of the ocean D. both A and CPart BDirections: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)This is likely to be normal and relaxed. 31) . A common family division of labor is for the wife to prepare the meal, the husband to handle the cocktail hour, and the young people or husband, rather than the wife, to change the plates between courses.32) . Many families do not permit guests to do any work on the first visit, but if they become frequent guests in the house, then they gradually join in with the various household chores as these occur. Some people never let a guest help; it is a good idea to offer, but then take your cue from the response.Men do a good deal more around an American house than is true in many parts of the world. There is growing flexibility about this; either sex does whatever needs doing in many households including even caring for the baby. Usually men at least take out the trash and help wash dishes. 33) .At meals, it is the custom to wait for the hostess to begin eating and to finish as closely as you can when everyone else does. Watch your hostess from time to time to judge your own speed. 34) .If for religious (or other) reasons there are some foods you cannot eat, just leave them quietly without calling attention to the fact if possible; otherwise explain in advance to your hostess. Even though at first American food may be different and you may not enjoy it, it will please your hostess if you eat at least some of every dish and express appreciation for her efforts. 35) .The American habit of shifting the fork from right to left hand when the knife is used then back again is unfamiliar to many. Dont feel you must struggle with that system. Either method is perfectly acceptable, so do whatever is comfortable for you. It is not considered correct to soak up gravy with bread, to tuck your napkin under your chin, or to make any kind of noises while eating or at the table.A You will probably be served “family sty