北京理工大学2002年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题.doc

北京理工大学2002年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题Part II. Vocabulary(20 point, 0.5 point for each)Section ADirections: There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.16. My landlady is always trying to meddle in everything we do.AA. interfere B. intrude C. order D. encase17. Nature constantly yields in New York: witness those fragile side walk trees gamely straggling against encoaching cement and petrol fumes.BA. turns to B. gives way to C. recedes to D. gets back to18. The small group of onlookers presented a pathetic sight and did nothing to help the drowning child.AA. pitiable B. unreasonable C. depressing D. immoral19. Hardy was stimulated by the sights, sounds and smells about him; he was enjoying his sensuous expenence.AA. sensational B. sentimental C. sensitive D. sensible 20. His company empowered the young engineer to negotiate the contract to be signed with the American Microsoft.DA. enforced B. strengthened C. ordered D. authorized21. I wish I could report a dazzling success but in fact it does not quite come off. I dont think I may live up for my fathers expectation.BA. come on time B. go off well C. appear properly D. boil down to22. The Pakistan government is leaning on the Taliban government to hand over Osama to save this entire region from catastrophe.BA. unhappiness B. disaster C. depression D. tragedy23. The group is dedicated to preventing the PLO from entering peace negotiation with Jordan.CA. contributed B. cemented C. devoted D. dispatched24. With the development of sophisticate instruments, earthquake will become predictable.AA. advanced B. delicate C. dedicated D. difficult25. The ongoing negotiation relied on unorthodox channels, avoiding the dull State Department, which he disdained.DA. respected B. neglected C. denied D. despised26. The severance of church and state is a basic principle of vernment.CA. integration B. discrimination C. separation D. exposition27. One of the consequences of advanced cognitive ability has the emergence of cultural life.CA. commendable B. compiling C. perceptive D. pertinent28. Some corpses were so badly dismembered that they couldnt be identified as men or women. BA. dismissed B. severed C. dispersed D. disposed29. He tried but failed in his attempt to avoid being prosecuted by practicing bribery.BA. sentenced by B. accused of C. condemned of D. blamed for30. There is a large joint programme of development among leading US computer companies, and IBM, though it says nothing, may well have the biggest programme of all.CA. prosecuted B. consolidated C. unified D. boosted31. The idea of time is incorporated in all languages of the world.BA. assigned B. contained C. indicated D. evidenced 32. Nail polish is made from cellulose lacquer, and opaque nail polish can be made by adding titanium oxide.AA. varnish B. wax C. resin D. tallow33. He made a dispatch for a specific purpose.AA. expedition B. punch C. declaration D. raid34. A goal of modern dance often is to express the dancers innermost feelings and emotions.BA. most original B. most personal C. most selfish D. most enchanting35. The freshmen will be notified regarding the college placement examination.BA. condoned B. informed C. emulated D. deformedSection B Directions: There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.36. Profit sharing is a good _ for employees.CA. treatment B. experiment C. incentive D. reinforce37. Social workers often use _ in their research.DA. frauds B. narrations C. refutations D. questionnaire38. His fellow workers like and respect him hecause he is a man of _.AA. sincerity B. injustice C. inquiry D. hostility39. The World War II ended during Trumans _.AA. Presidency B. succession C. realm D. duration40. _ metal ran out of the furnace.AA. Molten B. Graded C. Welded D. Consolidated41. The spokes in a bicycle wheel are arranged in a _ pattern.AA. radial B. radical C. spherical D. spiral42. His voice _ his Welsh origins though he has been living in New York for 25 years.DA. preserves B. muffies C. monitors D. fringe43. I hope my students will allow a _ for error correction.BA. quota B. margin C. burial D.betrays44. Many people nowadays _ an oath that he will never get married.BA. quote B. swear C. declare D. claim45. A diet of _ food is served to every hospital patient.CA. filthy B. clinical C. nourishing D. stuffy46. The doctor said: “Im going to _ a course of treatment for you.”DA. dispose B. hypothesize C. manipulate D. prescribe47. He went on to say that he would go to his hometown in _ of peace.AA. quest B. allowance C. thirst D. greed48. My grandmother _ the photographs of her two grandchildren.BA. comprises B. treasures C. offends D. notarizes49. He might cheat his friends in a cheap card game, but he remains basically _ in his business dealings.CA. suspicious B. sophisticated C. straightforward D. shrewd50. If the world was really like what the figure pictures, then each individual today would have only one _ a hundred or a million generation.DA. manufacturer B. offspring C. descendant D. ancestor51. We finish this chapter by giving you examples of nutritious, well balanced easy meals. These are not at all original or _ but are based on the ordinary things that most people tend to eat.AA. exotic B. majestic C. weird D. provincial52. For the cast of this mighty epic, Vidal _ his brilliant family and social connections, which included Mary Pickford, Marion Davies and throngs for the political world.DA. drew off B. drew out C. drew up D. drew on 53. Eventually the rarer genes will disappear and the genetic types _ leaving fewer offspring will become.AA. extinguished B. extraordinary C. extinct D. extreme54. In view of the depression of the national economy, there are plans to _ a much greater harvest from the timber resource.DA. excel B. expel C. expire D. extract55. At that time the earnings of the boxers were _ and they could make money for their followers as well.DA. faint B. fabric C. fragile D. fabulousPart III. Cloze(10 points, 0.5 for each) Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the right word or phrase from the choices given below for each of the blanks. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal learning. Educators find that 56 toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers. 57 their younger counterparts are more likely to 58 Kindergarten children who turn five during the 59 half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it 60 physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development. Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten 61 to receive better grades and score higher on achievement 62 throughout their schooling experience 63 do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the 64 thing. It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of todays children 65 inner maturity. Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs. Youngsters 66 parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have 67 anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fall to maintain their initial academic advantage 68 their less-pressured peers.Many psychologists and educations remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting. They question 69 environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non-disadvantaged home. They do not deny, however, the 70 of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children 71 freedom to play, develop at their own 72 , and evolve their social skills. But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now 73 of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4-year-olds. These psychologists and eduction believe we are driving young children too 74 and thereby depriving them of their 75 .56. A. olderB. tallerC. strongerD. smarterA57. A. SinceB. Now thatC. TherebyD. WhereasD58. A. fallB. failC. fleeD. fearB59. A. lateB. laterC. latestD. latterB60. A. lies inB. deals withC. comes toD. calls forC61. A. helpB. wantC.endD. preferC62. A. testsB. trialsC. performanceD. competitionA63. A. thatB. whichC. thenD. thanD64. A. easyB. hardC. sameD. similarC65. A. forB. againstC. withD. towardsC66. A. andB. withC. thoseD. whoseD67. A. muchB. moreC. manyD. mostB68. A. toB. againstC. overD. thanC69. A. howB. thatC. whyD. whetherD70. A. valueB. powerC. considerationD. responsibilityA71. A. possibleB. reasonableC. imaginableD. considerableA72. A. wayB. caseC. paceD. meansA73. A. thoughtB. remindedC. expectedD. regardedC74. A. wellB. hardC. badlyD. directlyB75. A. memoryB. childhoodC. ambitionsD. simplicityBPart VI. Reading Comprehension (25 points. 1 for each)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage 1Brazil had come from Africa. About half population of Venezuela had a smaller but still large part of population of Trans-Atlantic whether in North, Central or South A or in the Caribbean islands. It was these men and women of African descent conquered the wilderness of the Americas, clearing and working countless farms and plantations, founding and opening innumerable mines of iron or precious metals. Harsh and painful as it was, the overseas slave trade (like the not much less painful movement of millions of hungry and jobless men and women from Europe) laid the foundations of American republics. These Africans beyond the seas have their place in the story of Africa (the story of West Africa). For what they attempted and achieved was also a reflection of the strong and independent civilization from which they came. Consider, for example, the heroic and sueccessful struggle for independence conducted by the slaves of the Caribbean land of St. Domingue. In 1789, at the moment of the French Revolution, this French colony in the Caribbean was probably the wealthiest colony in the world. Its tens of thousands of African slave-workers produced enormous quantities of sugar, the whole European communities lived off the profits.When news of the Revolution in France reached St. Domingue, these slaves claimed their share in its ideals and benefits. They demanded their freedom. Denied this, rose in revolt against their masters. In years of hard fighting against large armies sent by France, and afterwards against large armies sent by Britain, these men of St. Domingue won their freedom and founded the Republic of Haiti. Yet more than half these soldiers of freedom had made the “middle passage” across the Atlantic. More than half, in other words, had been born in Africa, had spent their childhood in Africa, had learned in Africa their respect for freedom; while nearly all the rest were the children of parents or grandparents born in Africa. And they were led by Africans: by men of genius and courage such as Boukman, the unforgettable Toussaint Louverture, and Dessalines.Raised by Toussaint and his Mricans, the banner of freedom across the Atlantic was carried from people to people. Many threw off their bondage. Large numbers of men of African origin fought in the armies that made the United States what they are today. It was a general of African descent, Antonio Maceo, who led the military struggle for Cuban independence against Spain in 1868.Like other men of vision, Maceo had no time for racism, for the false idea that one race of men is better or worse than any other. Some of the whites of Cuba disagreed with him. They were Spanish settlers who thought that white was going to be better than black even in an independent Cuba.One day Maceo was approached by a Spanish Cuban who suggested that the regiments of independence army should be vided into whites and non-whites. Maceo made him a reply which became famous in Cuba. “If you were not white,” Maceo said to this man, “I would have you shot on the spot. But I do not wish to be accused of being racialist as you are and so I let you go, but with the warning that I shall not be so patient another time. The revolution has no color.”76. It could be inferred that the writer thinks that, in comparison with the movement of millions of hungry and jobless people from Europe, the overseas slave trade was _.CA. much less harsh and painful B. rather harsh and painfulC. more harsh and painful D. not much less harsh and painful77. The main purpose of the first paragraph is _.CA. to describe the heroic and successful struggle for independence waged by the slaves of St. DomingueB. to show how huge numbers of Africans populated the AmericasC. to show that Africans had a vital part to play in laying the foundations of the American republicsD. to describe the horrors of the overseas slave trade78. To the author, the important thing about the revolution of St. Domingue is that _.DA. it was led by AfricitanB. it fought against armies from both Britain and FranceC. the people of the island were denied a share in the benefits and ideals of the French RevolutionD. it was inspired by the strong and independent civilization of Africa where most of the soldiers had originated79. We may infer from the third paragraph that _.BA. large numbers of black soldiers in the United States fight todayB. blacks played an important role in shaping the United StatesC. blacks took no part in the independent war in the United StatesD. large numbers of blacks in the United States today came from Africa80. Maceo decided not to shoot the Spanish Cuban because _.DA. the latter was whiteB. the latter was not whiteC. the revolution has no colorD. he did not wish to be accused of being a racistPassage 2 The mid-sixties saw the start of a project that, along with other similar research, was to teach us a great deal about the chimpanzee mind. This was Project Washeo, conceived by Trixie and Allen Gardner. They purchased an infant chimpanzee and began to teach her the signs of ASL, the American Sign Language used by the deaf. Twenty years earlier, another husband and wife team, Richard and Cathy Hayes, had tried, with an almost total lack of success, to teach a young chimp, Vikki, to talk. The Hayess undertaking taught us a lot about the chimpanzee mind, bat Vikki, although she did well in IQ tests, and was clearly an intelligent youngster, could not learn human speech. The Gardners, however, achieved spectacular success with their pupil, Washoe. Not only did she learn signs easily, but she quickly began to string them together in meaningful ways. It was clear that each sign evoked, in her mind, a mental image of the object it represented. If, for example, she was asked, in sign language, to fetch an apple, she would go and locate an apple that was out of sight in another room.Other chimps entered the project, some starting their lives in deaf signing families before joining Washoe. And finally Washoe adopted an infant, Loulis. He came from a lab where no thought of teaching signs had ever penetrated. When he was with Washoe he was given no lessons in language acquisitionnot by humans, anyway. Yet by the time he was eight years old he had made fifty-eight signs in their correct contexts. How did he learn them? Mostly, it seems, by imitating the behavior of Washoe and the other three signing chimps, Dar, Moja and Tam. Sometimes, though, he received tuition from Washoe herself. One day, for example, she began to swagger about bipedally, hair bristling, signing food! food! food! in great excitement. She had seen a human approaching with a bar of chocolate. Loulis, only eighteen months old, watched passively. Suddenly Washoe stopped her swaggering, went over to him, took his hand, and moulded the sign for food(fingers pointing towards mouth). Another time, in a similar context, she made the sign for chewing gum but with her hand on his body. On a third occasion, Washoe picked up a small chair, took it over to Loulis, set it down in front of him, and very distinctly made the chair sign three times, watching him closely as she did so. The two food signs became incorporated into Louliss vocabulary but the sign for chair did not. Obviously the priorities of