综合教程第一册Unit 1学习提纲.doc

Unit 1 Never Say GoodbyeI Words and Expressions1. confront: vt.1) be faced with and have to deal withe.g. The actress was confronted by a large group of reporters as she left the stage door. Whenever we are confronted with any difficulties, we shouldnt give up what we are doing.2) force to deal with or accept the truths of; bring face to face withe.g. When the police confronted her with the evidence, she confessed she was guilty.Collocations: be confronted with confront sb. with sth.Synonyms: encounter, face2. anguish: n. very great pain and suffering, esp. of the minde.g. Lear, a broken, confused old man, died in anguish. 李尔王，这位身心交瘁、精神恍惚的老人在痛苦中死去。Derivations: anguished: adj. anguish: vt.Synonyms: pain, sufferingExercise: Choose the proper word to fill in each blank in the following sentences. anguish anguished(1) Outsiders will find it hard to imagine the mental _ we had to go through. (anguish)(2) A(n) _ look appeared on her face. (anguished)(3) She was in _ over her missing child. (anguish)3. gracefully: adv.1) in an attractively and effortlessly fine and smooth mannere.g. Already in her fifties, she danced gracefully on the stage last night, attracting a large audience.The figure skater glided gracefully on the ice.花样滑冰者在冰上优雅地滑行。2) in a way that shows willingness to behave fairly and honorablye.g. The request was gracefully refused.这个请求被有礼貌地回绝了。Derivations: graceful: adj. grace n.Comparison: gracious, gracefulgraceful: moving in a smooth and attractive way, or having an attractive shape or formgracious: behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank.Thank you for your_ hospitality. (gracious)The lady of small waist is elegant and _.( graceful)4. touch: vt.& vi.1) put ones hand onto sth. or sb. elsee.g. Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings.2) have an effect on ones feelings; cause one to feel pity, sympathy, etc.e.g. Her plight has touched the hearts of people around the world.她所处的困境牵动着全世界人民的心。The environmental problems touch us all.这些环境问题与我们所有人都有关。Collocation: be touched with e.g. Her hair is touched with grey. 他有些灰发了。Derivations: touched: adj. touching: adj.5. shudder: vi. shake uncontrollably for a moment, esp. from fear, cold, or dislikeshudder at/withShe shuddered at the sight of the dead body.她一看到那具尸体就不寒而栗。Comparison: shudder, shakeshudder: vi. It suggests a more intense shaking,which is less noticeable to an onlooker.shake: vt.& vi. It suggests sth. that is done to as well as by a person or object.People still _ at the thought of that terrible earthquake. (shudder)The tree branches were _ in that sudden gust of wind. (shaking)6. well: vi. flow or start to flow (outflow)e.g. Strong emotions welled up.Collocation:well out/up/forth She was so moved that her tears welled out(up/forth) from her eyes.她感动得泪如泉涌。7. rest on/upon1) lean on; to be supported bye.g. She sat down and rested her feet on the chair.2) (esp. of a proof, argument, etc.) be based on; be grounded on; depend on e.g. His hopes rest on the leader. 他的希望全寄托在领导者的身上。e.g. Our policy should rest on the basis of self-reliance. 我们的政策要建立在自力更生的基础之上。8. through : prep. (1) in at one side, end, or surface of something and out at the othere.g. We couldnt see through the mist.Is it quicker to drive straight through the center?(2) among or between the parts or members ofe.g. The monkeys swung through the trees.I searched through my papers for the missing documents.9. stare: vi.(1) look steadily for a long time, e.g. in great surprise or shocke.g. The child stared the stranger up and down. 这个孩子上上下下地打量着这个陌生人。 He was staring, thinking.(2) be very plain to see; be obviouse.g. The lies in the report stared out at us from every paragraph.Collocations:stare sb. down/out 盯得某人局促不安stare sb. into silence 瞪得某人哑口无言stare sb. up and down 上下打量某人 stare sb. in the face 近在眼前10. pick: vt. vi.1) take what one likes or considers best, or most suitable from a groupe.g. One of my sisters has been picked for the Olympic team.The police asked him if he could pick (out) the killer from a series of photos.2) gather; pull or break off (part of a plant) from a tree or plante.g. Machines pick the fruit from/off the trees. They spent the summer picking strawberries.3) take up or remove sth. separately or bit by bit using the fingers, a beak, a pointed instrument, etc.e.g. He was on his knees picking crumbs off the carpet.Comparison: choose, select, pickchoose: It stresses a choice of the best suited between or among things under consideration, which is the result of ones judgment.e.g. She said she had chosen the skirt because its color was just right for the season.select: It stresses a choice of sth. best to ones liking or desire among many things present through careful examination and discrimination, with a view to a given purpose.e.g. You may select whatever you like as the birthday gift.pick: It is an informal word and a synonym to select.e.g. Mary picked a red skirt because she liked red.Exercise : Choose the proper word to fill each blank in the following sentences. choose select pick(1) I _ a piece of fluff off my shiny black suit. (picked)(2) After careful comparison, Beijing was _ as the city where the 2008 Olympic Games were to be held. (selected)(3) Mr. Johnson was_ to participate in the project because of his being a fully qualified engineer. ( chosen )11. hoarse adj. (of a voice) rough-sounding, as though the surface of the throat is rougher than usual, e.g. when the speaker has a sore throate.g. Youll make yourself hoarse if you keep shouting like that!Comparison: husky, harsh, thickhusky: (of a persons voice) low and rough, often in an attractive way, or because of illnesse.g. Shes got a nice husky voice very sexy. You sound husky do you have a cold?harsh: unpleasant to listen to e.g. There is no alternative, she said in a harsh voice.thick: not as clear or high as usual, for example because someone has been crying e.g. Bills voice was thick and gruff.12. evil 1) n. a great wickedness or misfortunee.g. Drug-addiction is one of todays great social evils.Theres always a conflict between good and evil in his plays.2) adj. immoral, cruel, or very unpleasante.g. Its a battle against the countrys most evil terrorists. Synonyms: corrupt, vicious, wicked, maliciousAntonyms: good, honest, moral, sinless13. tiny adj. extremely small; very smalle.g. Though she was tiny, she had a very loud voice.Synonyms: mini, small, little, puny, slightAntonyms: big, enormous, great, huge, large, vastComparison: small, little, tinysmall: It refers to size and is the usual opposite of big or large.e.g. Could I have a hamburger and a small Coke please?little: It refers to size but it also expresses the speakers feelings. e.g. They live in a beautiful little village.13. part vt. (to cause to) separate or be no longer togethere.g. To be parted from him even for only two days made her sad. Tony bent to look out of the window, parting the curtains with one hand.Derivations: parted adj. parting n. / adj.e.g. On his wall he has a poster of Marilyn Monroe, her lips forever parted (= separated) in anticipation.The pain of parting had lessened over the years.Translation:结婚这三十年间他们几乎从未分开过。They were hardly ever parted in thirty years of marriage.The sunlight flooded the room when he parted the curtains.他拉开窗帘，屋里顿时充满了阳光。14. bring back 1) cause to returne.g. All library books must be brought back before the end of the term.2) obtain and return withe.g. He always brings me back something nice when he goes abroad. Travellers brought back news of the outside world.3) cause to return to the minde.g. The photos brought back some wonderful memories. Seeing her again brought all the sweet memories back.4) start to do or use something that was done or used in the paste.g. Few politicians are in favour of bringing back the death penalty. He wants to bring back the glamour of the old Hollywood films.15. gravely adv. in a way showing great seriousness; (of manner) in a state of being serious and solemne.g. “The situation poses a serious threat to peace,” said the ambassador gravely. 大使严肃地说：“这样的局势对和平形成严重的威胁。”Synonym: seriouslyDerivations: grave adj. gravity n.e.g. His face was grave as he told them about the accident.He doesnt seem to understand the gravity of the situation.16. beloved adj./n. (a person who is) dearly loved e.g. His beloved wife died.It is a gift from my beloved. (=from my wife, husband, etc.)17. summon vt. 1) order officially to comee.g. The guards were summoned into the presence of the Queen.2) tell or request people to come to; convenee.g. At the critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to a meeting to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy.在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。Collocation: summon sth. up 1) bring (a quality) out of oneself, esp. with an efforte.g. She had to summon up all her strength to lift the rock.I cant summon up much enthusiasm for the project.2) cause sth. to come into the mind; evoke sth.e.g. He summoned up his memory of his former neighbour.Derivation: summoner n.18. turn: n.1) an act of turning; a single movement completely round a fixed pointe.g. Dont pull the handle; give it a turn.Give the key a turn, and the lock will open.2) a point of change in timee.g. Young people at the turn of the century must draw up a mighty blueprint.世纪之交的年轻人必须绘制一幅宏伟的蓝图。Collocations:at every turn: everywhere or all the timeby turns: (of people or their actions) one after the other; in rotationin turn: afterwards; in the correct or expected orderon the turn: about to turn or changeout of turn: at an unsuitable time or in an unsuitable way19. note vt. 1) notice and remember; observee.g. Note the way this writer uses the present tense for dramatic effect.Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days.Note how he operates the machine and try to copy with him.2) remark; call attention toe.g. The report notes with approval the governments efforts to resolve this problem.这份报告以赞同的口吻特别提到政府为解决这个问题所作的努力。Derivations: noted; notableComparison: note, noticenote: v. notice and remembere.g. Note how he operates the machine and try to copy with him.notice: v. to pay attention (to) with the eyes, other senses, or minde.g. She was wearing a new dress, but he didnt even notice (it). Did you notice whether I locked the door?20.breathe vt. 1) take air, gas, etc. into the lungs and send it out againe.g. The doctor told me to breathe in deeply and then to breathe out slowly.I will remember the day as long as I breathe.2) whisper; say softlye.g. He breathed words of love into her ear.She breathed a sigh of relief when she heard that she had passed the exam.Derivation: breather n.e.g. Weve been working quite a long time now; lets have/take a breather.II . Word comparison 1. anger: a strong feeling of wanting to hurt or criticize someone because they have done something bad to you or been unkind to you e.g. Pauls face was filled with anger.discomfort: a feeling of slight pain or of being physically uncomfortable e.g. She still suffers considerable discomfort from her injury.unhappiness: the state of being unhappy e.g. Juliets eyes shone with unhappiness.anguish: mental or physical suffering caused by extreme pain or worry e.g. Nothing can take away the anguish of losing a child.2. special: not ordinary or usual, but different in some way and often better or more importante.g. This is a special case, deserving special treatment.peculiar: strange, unfamiliar, or a little surprising e.g. There was a peculiar smell in the kitchen.particular: (only used before noun) a particular thing or person is the one that you are talking about, and not any othere.g. Most students choose one particular area for research.Concrete: definite, positive e.g. The policy have nothing concrete to go on.3. spend: to use your money to pay for goods or servicese.g. I cant afford to spend any more money this week.spend something on somethingcost: be obtainable at the price of, require the payment of e.g. It costs too much.take: if something takes a particular amount of time, money, effort, etc., that amount of time, etc. is needed for it to happen or succeed e.g. Organizing a successful street party takes a lot of energy.waste: to use more money, time, energy, etc. than is useful or sensible e.g. Leaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity.4. conspicuous: very easy to noticee.g. Lincoln is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded.graceful: moving in a smooth and attractive way, or having an attractive shape or forme.g. We admired the graceful poise of the dancer.lonely: (adj.) unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk toe.g. He has so few friends that his life is lonely.truly: used to emphasize that the way you are describing something is really true (=really)e.g. This encyclopedia is truly a compendium of knowledge.5. last: happening or coming after all other similar things or peoplee.g. And last but not least there is the question of adequate funding.final: being or happening at the end of a series of events, actions, statements, etc.; being the result of a particular processe.g. The project is in its final stages.ending: the last part of a story; the act of finishing sth., the last part of sth.e.g. His stories usually have a happy ending.concluding: the last remark ,etc. in an event or piece of writinge.g. This is the concluding section of Chapter 6.6. alone: adv./adj. without any friends; without the help of other people or things e.g. Carol felt all alone in the world. It is hard bringing up children alone.hoarse: adj. (of a person or voice) sounding harsh, especially because of a sore throate.g. We shouted ourselves hoarse at the football match. grave: (of people) serious in manner, as if sth. sad, important or worrying has just happenede.g. His face was grave when I told him my decision.lonely: (adj.) unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk toe.g. Dont you get lonely being on your own all day?7. give up: to stop trying to do sth.e.g. I give up; tell me what the answer is.give in: to admit that you have been defeated by sb./sth.e.g. He will give in to his opponents claim rather than wrangle over a disputed point. stop: to make sb./sth. no longer do sth. e.g. That phone never stops ringing.retreated (v.+adv./prep.) to change your mind about sth. because of criticism or because a situation has become too difficult e.g. The government has retreated from its pledge to reduce class size.8. believe: to feel certain that sth. is true or that sb. is telling you the truth e.g. He thinks that everyone who believes will go to heaven.notice: to see or hear sb./sth.;to become aware of sb./sth.; to pay attention to sb./sth. e.g. She wears those strange clothes just to get herself noticed.note: to mention sth. because it is important or interesting e.g. I failed to note that he had left. decide: to think carefully about the different possibilities that are available and then choose one of them e.g. That chance meeting decided my career.II. Grammar Exercises I Complete the following sentences using the simple past, past progressive or past perfect tense.1. were bathing, were looking, were playing (The past progressive refers to an event in progress.)2. was sitting, was reading3. was leaving, was, arrived, learned, had left, found, had used 4. were playing, heard, hid, took5. was cycling, stepped, was going, managed, didnt hit6. gave, thanked, said, had enjoyed, knew, had not read, were7. had played, reached, entered8. was running, struckII. Complete the following passage with the proper form of the verbs givenleft， spent， had been travelling, appeared, was, were crossing, could, arrived, was sleeping, stopped, came, were getting, was, had not arrived, would beIII. Correct the errors, where found, in the following sentences.1. talked-was talking 2. 3.had rememberedremembered 4.was workinghad been working5.has resignedresigned 6. 7. 8. IV. Fill in each blank with the proper form of the verb in brackets. 1. take 2. to play 3. lifted, thrown 4. barking 5. played 6. to say 7. beaten 8. bite, slither 9. drop 10. lyingV. Rewrite the following sentences according to the example. Special word order with as and thoughIn a concessive clause introduced by though or although, the complement or the adverbial can be placed at the beginning of the sentence. The formula for the inversion is:complement / adverbial + as / though + subject + predicate verbKeys: 1. Poor as / though he was, he was honest.2. Terrible as/though the storm was, we continued our journey3. Hard as/though the tried, he was unable to make much progress.4. Tired as/though I was, I went on working.5. Much as I would like to help you, Im afraid Im simply too busy at the moment.6. Much as/though I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.7. Strong as/ though he was, Tom couldnt lift it.8. Bravely as/though they fought, they had no chance of winning.III. Translation exercises1. He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview.2. His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.3.